...the commander in chief simply claimed the "combinations [of the South] too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the marshals by law."56 Lincoln further minimized the crisis by convening Congress not immediately but in eighty days....

...the States, to serve for three months, to suppress combinations against the laws of the United States in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. He also summoned the Congress to meet on the 4th of July, 1861. That there might be no misunderstanding...

...first declared that the execution of the laws of the United States were, and for some time had been, " obstructed in the States of South Carolina, Georgia,...proceedings or by the powers vested in the marshals by law." Mr. Lincoln thus distinctly indicated the view, at the outset, that he was dealing, not with nations...

...proclamation, stating that an insurrection against the Government of the United States has broken out in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, and the laws of the United States, for the collection of the revenue, cannot be effectually executed...

...must either be opposed or their execution obstructed by "combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals" . In 1794, neither the courts in Pennsylvania nor the federal marshal were able to execute the laws,...

...States were opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshall of that district." 13 His attorney general, William Bradford, advised Washington that the...

...following terms : WHEREAS, An insurrection against the Government of the United States has broken out in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, and the laws of the United States for the collection of the revenue can not be efficiently executed...

...Congress on April 15, 1861, he cast his war aims largely in terms of the maintenance of the law. Since "the laws of the United States have been for some time past, and are now opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed" in Southern states, Lincoln "call[ed] forth...

...Fort Sumter smote every loyal American full in the face." Union President Abraham Lincoln, April 1861 "Whereas the laws of the United States have been for...Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas ... I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, hereby do call forth the militia of the -^r...

...units of the provisional Confederate army were described as "combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the [US] Marshals by law." Once these rebellious combinations had been suppressed, the president stated,...