...emperor and members of his "In the Constitution of 1899 freedom of religious belief was recognized "within limits not prejudicial to peace and order,...and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects." According to the same Constitution (Article 9), the emperor may issue or cause others to issue ordinances...

...Article 28 of the Constitution, which guaranteed that Japanese subjects should enjoy freedom of religion, "within limits not prejudicial to peace and order,...and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects." Yet in the course of the decade Christianity was deemed incompatible with loyalty, and on that basis...

...[subject] shall be protected in the enjoyment of the following rights. ... (9) Freedom of religious belief within limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not antagonistic to the duties as citizens." He provided an alternative article, as follows: "Religious freedom shall be...

...needless to say, Japanese by 10. Dai Nihon Teikoku Kempo. 11. Art. 28 of the old Constitution read: 'Japanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial...duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief.' 12. Art. 20 of the Constitution provides: 'Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all. No religious organization...

...which they granted in limited form in Article 28: Japanese subjects have freedom of religious belief, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects. (My translation) The "References" give twelve European sources (Shimizu 1971-74, 2:369-70). As expected,...

...granted to his people, Article XXVIII. declares : "Japanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudical to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of relig1ous belief." It was but a little over seventeen years since men and women had been sent into...

...the world. The Meiji Constitution of 1889 had ambiguously proclaimed the freedom of religious belief "within limits not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their [the Japanese people's] duties as subjects." In contrast, Article 20 of the constitution of 1946 guaranteed...

...taken for the public benefit shall be provided for by law. Article 28. Japanese subjects shall, in limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not...subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief. Article 29. Japanese subjects shall, in the limits of law, enjoy the liberty of speech, writing, publication,...

...28 of the Meiji constitution which granted subjects "freedom of religious belief," but did so only "within limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects." Hence a number of religious faiths, including Islam, were banned until after Japanest Journal of Religious...

...and strengthen the military].71 Freedom of religious belief was guaranteed but only insofar as it was 'not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects'. Thus a Christian's duty to the Emperor and the State clearly came before his duty to God and the Church....