...the United States," and conferring upon the inhabitants of every race . . . the same right to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give...evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold and carry real and personal property, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for...

...were ratifying. In particular, all citizens, the Civil Rights Act declared, "have the right to make and enforce contracts, to • sue, be parties and...evidence; to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, 8 and convey real personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for...

...Such citizens, "of every race and color," had the same right in every state and territory "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give...person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens . . ." (14 Stat. 27, § 1 [1866]). Legislation in 1875 provided for equality of all races in using...

...example, Primus notes that the Civil Rights Act of 1 866 guaranteed African Americans the rights to "make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give...evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property." Civil rights are contrasted with social and political rights, and...

...designed to protect the lives and livelihoods of African Americans through "full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as is enjoyed by white citizens." When white southern resistance to black rights continued, the Republicans responded with the Fourteenth...

...persons (except Indians) born in the United States and guaranteed them "full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as is enjoyed by white citizens." The bill also gave the federal government the right to intervene in state courts if they discriminated...

...servitude, should have "the same right, in every State and Territory, to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as is enjoyed by white citizens." On appeal, the Supreme Court overturned the mulatto Washington's conviction, reasoning that since California...

...States, contrary to the decision of Dred Scott v. Sandford. It granted to all citizens the right "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give...person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens." Section 2 provided a criminal penalty for persons who, under color of state law, deprived any citizen...

...before the law. The rights in the Civil Rights Act were fundamentally economic: "The right to make and enforce contracts; to sue, be parties, and give...proceedings for the security of person and property." When President Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights bill and the southern states refused to ratify the Fourteenth...

...previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall have the...United States, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties [to lawsuits], and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real...