and argilloid. Metals are distinguished, as usual, into brittle and ductile. The numerous subdivisions are exhibited in a convenient synoptic table, prefixed to the body of the treatise.

"L'Art de la Teinture du Coton en Rouge, &c.""The Art of Dyeing Cotton Red, by M. J. A. Chaptal, Member and Treasurer of the Senate, &c. 8vo. with four plates, Paris." There is no person to whom the perfection of modern manufactures is more indebted than to the indefatigable writer before us; who, with a singular and most fortunate union of talents for science and practical labour, has for many years devoted a large portion of his time to the improvement of almost every art that has any connection with chemistry. The general principles of dying were first developed by Bergman; the theory was considerably advanced by Berthollet, to whom the work before us is dedicated; and, if not brought to the highest state of perfection of which it is capable, is at least very considerably perfected by M. Chaptal. We may peruse this book, therefore, with a twofold advantage, since it not only presents us with the ideas of an enlightened philosopher, but contains the result of an extensive application of them to actual practice; for M. Chaptal informs us, that he has for some time conducted a large dying manufactory, in which every individual process recommended in this volume has been sanctioned by ample experience. The first two chapters are introductory, and describe the situation proper for a dyeing establish ment, the arrangements necessary for its various processes, and the instruments requisite to be employed. The third chapter considers the materials had recourse to in dyeing cotton by madder, viz. the madder

itself, oliveoil, soda, alum, and gall, Chapter four contains minute details respecting the various manipulations of different parts of the process: and chapter five gives an equally distinct account of the means by which the cotton is made to assume the dye. The operation is divided into four stages-the preparation of the cotton-the application of the mordants-the application of the madder-and the brightening of the colour. The mordants employed are alum and galls, and the colour is brought out by nitrat of tin.

In our survey of the higher branches of physical philosophy, we shall commence with noticing a German work of some consequence, from the pen of M. Schroeter, entitled "Seleno-Topographische Fragmenter and Beomachtunger, &c." "Seleno-Topographical Fragments and Observations, with a view to an exact Description of the Moon, the changes to which she is liable, and the nature of her atmosphere; to which are subjoined Maps and Drawings. Gottingen, 4to, with 32 engravings." M. Schroeter is by no means unknown to our own countrymen, nor is the fame he has acquired amongst us of a vulgar kind. He is a valuable Fellow of our Royal Society, and his paper on the planet Vesta, inserted of late in the Transactions of the Royal Society, cannot fail of being known to the scientific readers of this excellent journal. He has for many years, moreover, been particularly patronised by his Britannic Majesty, by whom the most valuable of the astronomical instruments, lately at least, in the possession of the University at Gottingen, were presented gratuitously; and to whom, in proof of his gratitude, M. Schroeter has dedicated the work before us. For the rest, together with much accuracy of re

mark,

agreeable road, which tends only to render, by contrast, the tomb into which he descends still more dreary. Yes, I repeat it-the tomb! for this residence, although the roof is destroyed, still conveys, by means of its internal structure, a better idea of the dreary houses of antiquity than any other I have yet beheld. The very garden is discovered, and the fish-ponds and their divisions are still visible."

"Notice Historique sur le Royaume des deux Sicilies." "Historic Memoir relative to the Kingdom of the two Sicilies, 8vo." The two Sicilies, from a variety of circumstances which will at once present themselves to the reader's recollection, have obtained a more than ordinary degree of attention from the literary and political world, within the range of the period to which our present lucubrations are limited. In the course of our domestic history, we have had to notice one or two publications of no ordinary merit upon these countries, and the present forms the third submitted to our contemplation in the depart ment of foreign literature. It is published anonymously, but the writer needed not to have suppressed his name. The scope undertaken by him is very extensive; in effect it commences with the decline of the Roman empire, and is continued down to the installation of his present majesty Ferdinand IV., upon whose eventful and unfortunate reign, the historian, with a modesty not often to be met with in anony. mous writers, chooses to be silent. "After having passed in succession, (it is thus he concludes his rapid sketch,) under the dominion of Charles II. son of Leopold and the Emperor Charles VI., the two Sicilies were conquered in 1734 by Don Carlos, who governed them with

sagacity, and a degree of goodness truly paternal. He resigned the sceptre to Ferdinand IV. his son, in 1759, in order to reign over Spain. Such is a rapid sketch of the most signal events that have occurred in these two states: and they have been regularly traced without the omission of a single epoch, with an exception to the present alone." The writer may fairly assume this boast; and we have no objection to add, that they have also been traced with spirit and independence, and contain a faithful epitome of the transactions that distinguish, with so deep an interest, the countries before us.

Closely connected with the preceding, we are next called upon to notice a partnership publication brought forward by M. Jube and M. Servan, entitled "Histoire de Guerres des Gaulois et des Français en Italie, &c. "History of the Wars of the Gauls and of the French in Italy, from the earliest accounts to the present times, 5 vols. 8vo." Of these the first volume alone is the production of M. Jube. It commences with the earliest exploits of the inhabitants of ancient Gaul in Italy, and extends to the era of Louis XII. of France. The four ensuing vo lumes are conducted by General Servan, the friend of the celebrated Madam Roland, and do credit to his pen. The second and third volume fill up the interval from the reign of Louis XII. till the death of Louis XV, and close with a general picture of the seventeenth century. The two last volumes are more interesting than any of the preceding, as comprising events contemporaneous with ourselves, and which have made a deep and permanent impression upon every heart. They contain an authentic history of those campaigns which terminated in the late conquest of Italy, and laid the foundation

foundation for the enormous power of the present ruler of France. We must necessarily make allowances for the impulse under which the history of these desolating wars was composed, and the present manacled state of the Paris press. M. Servan, however, does not appear altogether in the light of a flatterer of Bonaparte, and if we may credit an assertion in the work before us, he has always been viewed by him with jealousy and on more occasions than one, there appears to have been no small room for jealousy in the bosom of a man so devoured with ambition as Napoleon I.

We have not yet done either with Italy, or its modern ravager. The "Récit Historique de la Campagne, &c." "Historic Account of the Campaign of Bonaparte in Italy, in the years 1796 and 1797, by an eye-witness," still claims our attention. The present work, however, is of a different character from any of the preceding, and for this very reason, we feel a particular desire to notice it. The name of the eyewitness we know not; but there is a general air of impartiality and fairness in his statement of facts, that very much, we confess, prejudices us in his favour. We are, at the same time, aware that his facts do not at all times warrant his conclusions, and hence feel disposed to make some allowance in the argumentative parts of his work. It is the author's direct object to refute the accounts contained in a well-known work, entitled "The Campaigns of Bonaparte in Italy, during the years IV. and V. of the French republic, by a General Officer," which is here said to disguise and misrepresent facts, and to be a monument of adulation and baseness. In the prosecution of this object the present

writer has certainly presented us with a most simple and intelligible statement of transactions, purposely dressed up for effect by his prede cessor, and has in many cases reduced battles to skirmishes, and victories to slight advantages, the result moreover of accident or sheer goodluck, rather than of heroism or comprehensive foresight. He succeeds in reducing to a far inferior number than has been usually sup posed the Austrian forces, and in angmenting those of the French army; and he deserves the thanks of every liberal mind for having rescued from obscurity names which deserve to be held in remembrance, and for having dissipated a variety of bombastic and illusory boasts of pretenders to heroism.

"Histoire de Campagne, &c." "His tory of the Campaigns of the French Armies in Prusia, Saxony and Poland, during the years 1806 and 1807; preceded by a history of the late war with Austria, and followed by short accounts (notices) of the marshalls of the Empire, 3 vols. 12mo. Paris." These volumes are chiefly compiled from the French official accounts, and bear the general stamp of the official language: their tone is bold, glowing, and pointed, when directed to the partisans of the French empire, and humiliating and contemptuous when describing its enemies. Even in the midst of all the parade of military virtues and political craft here exhibited, nothing is more obvious than that Bonaparte has been more indebted to the weakness and blunders of his adversaries, than to his own counsels and prowess. The short biographic notices of his chief officers, subjoined to this work, is entertaining, and may prove useful.

"Pièces Historique de la Revolution, &c." "Historic Summary

agreeable road, which tends only to render, by contrast, the tomb into which he descends still more dreary. Yes, I repeat it-the tomb! for this residence, although the roof is destroyed, still conveys, by means of its internal structure, a better idea of the dreary houses of antiquity than any other I have yet beheld. The very garden is discovered, and the fish-ponds and their divisions are still visible."

"Notice Historique sur le Royaume des deux Sicilies." "Historic Memoir relative to the Kingdom of the two Sicilies, 8vo." The two Sicilies, from a variety of circumstances which will at once present themselves to the reader's recollection, have obtained a more than ordinary degree of attention from the literary and political world, within the range of the period to which our present lucubrations are limited. In the course of our domestic history, we have had to notice one or two publications of no ordinary merit upon these countries, and the present forms the third submitted to our contemplation in the depart ment of foreign literature. It is published anonymously, but the writer needed not to have suppressed his name. The scope undertaken by him is very extensive; in effect it commences with the decline of the Roman empire, and is continued down to the installation of his present majesty Ferdinand IV., upon whose eventful and unfortunate reign, the historian, with a modesty not often to be met with in anonymous writers, chooses to be silent. "After having passed in succession, (it is thus he concludes his rapid sketch,) under the dominion of Charles II. son of Leopold and the Emperor Charles VI., the two Sicilies were conquered in 1734 by Don Carlos, who governed them with

sagacity, and a degree of goodness truly paternal. He resigned the sceptre to Ferdinand IV. his son, in 1759, in order to reign over Spain. Such is a rapid sketch of the most signal events that have occurred in these two states: and they have been regularly traced without the omission of a single epoch, with an exception to the present alone." The writer may fairly assume this boast; and we have no objection to add, that they have also been traced with spirit and independence, and contain a faithful epitome of the transactions that distinguish, with so deep an interest, the countries before us.

Closely connected with the preceding, we are next called upon to notice a partnership publication brought forward by M. Jube and M. Šervan, entitled "Histoire de Guerres des Gaulois et des Français en Italie, &c. "History of the Wars of the Gauls and of the French in Italy, from the earliest accounts to the present times, 5 vols. 8vo." Of these the first volume alone is the production of M. Jube. It commences with the earliest exploits of the inhabitants of ancient Gaul in Italy, and extends to the æra of Louis XII. of France. The four ensuing vo lumes are conducted by General Servan, the friend of the celebrated Madam Roland, and do credit to his pen. The second and third volume fill up the interval from the reign of Louis XII. till the death of Louis XV, and close with a general picture of the seventeenth century. The two last volumes are more interesting than any of the preceding, as comprising events contemporaneous with ourselves, and which have made a deep and permanent impression upon every heart. They contain an authentic history of those campaigns which terminated in the late conquest of Italy, and laid the foundation