Vaudreuil, succeeds Du Quesne in Can-
ada, ii. 420; gives up Quebec, 512;
surrenders Montreal (1760), 523.
Vaughan, Robert, on Kent Island, Mary-
land, i. 167; obtains, for the legisla-
ture of Maryland, two branches, 169.
Vaughan, William, at Louisburg, ii. 307;
storms and takes Fort Clinton on the
Hudson, burns Kingston, etc., v. 186.
Venango, near Fort Pitt, destroyed by
the Indians in Pontiac's war, iii. 45.
Vergennes, Count de, opinion of, as to
cession of Canada to England (1763),
ii. 564, 565; foreign minister under
Louis XVI., iv. 40; character of, 40,
41; views of, 97, 98; views sent to,
by Garnier, in London, 109; forecast-
ings of, 190; admires Virginia's state
paper, 203; on the battle of Bunker
Hill, 260; on King George's procla-
mation (1775), 271; views of, as to
English affairs, 280; on the course of
the English government, 283, 284;
presentiments of, 359, 380; in favor
of aiding the Americans, 363; con-
siderations," laid before Louis XVI.,
364-366; advice to the king in coun-
cil, v. 16, 17; paper of, on the course
for France to pursue toward the
United States, 18-20; on Washing-
ton's retreat through New Jersey, 94;
interview with Franklin, 127; meets
the American commissioners, 128;
policy of, toward England, 132-134;
insists on Spain deciding to join or
not to join, 139; arranges treaty be-
tween France and the United States,
244, 245; on subduing the Ameri-
cans, 281; active interest of, in Ameri-
can affairs, 320-326; sends an agent
to Ireland, 341; suggests a league of
neutral nations, 346; letter of, to Ge-
rard, 440, 441; intercourse of, with
Oswald and Grenville, 537-540; de-
clines Grenville's proposal, 542; views
of, on Oswald's commission, 551, 552;
schemes and wishes of, as to the prog-
ress of the United States, 562, 563;
opens direct negotiations with Shel-
burne, 565; letter of, to the French
envoy at Philadelphia, 572, 573; mod-
eration of, in making peace, vi. 36.
Vermont, the territory in dispute (1750),

ii. 361; proposal to annex to New
York, iii. 55; unjustly treated, 87;
disturbance in, and result, iv. 142, 143;
refuses jurisdiction of New York and
declares independence (1777), v. 157;
convention meets and frames consti-
tution, adopts laws, etc., 161, 162;
asks for admission into the union as

a free state (1781), not allowed, 408;
special provision for admission of, into
the union (1787), vi. 324.
Vernon, Edward, admiral, captures Por-
to Bello and Fort Chagre, ii. 295,
296; attack of, on Carthagena, 296;
ill success of, and loss, 296, 297.
Verplanck's Point, New York, surren-
dered to the British, v. 329.
Vincennes, a Canadian hero, ii. 236;
death of, 236.

Vincennes, the oldest village in Indi-
ana, ii. 186; post at, 225; increase
of (1769), iii. 319; how treated, 409;
people of, join the United States
(1778), v. 311, 312; fort at, taken by
Hamilton, 312; retaken by Clark and
the backwoodsmen, 313, 314.
Virginia, the name given by Queen Eliza-
beth, i. 69; first colony of, 85; first
charter of, 85, 86; King James's in-
terest in, 86; provisions of the char-
ter, 86, 87; colonists arrive in, 88;
second colony of, 90; failure of the
colony, 91; first colony's sufferings,
91, 92; dissensions in, 92; John
Smith's administration, 92-96; sec-
ond charter, 99; adventurers under,
99; provisions of charter, 100; sad
state of affairs in, 100, 101; restora-
tion of the colony, 101, 102; martial
law in, 102, 103; treatment of the
Indians, 104; Spaniards jealous of,
104; the third charter, its important
provisions, 104, 105; stability of the
colony, 105; Dale's administration,
107; tenure of lands in, 107; Argall
in charge of, 109, 110; Yeardley gov-
ernor, 108, 110-113; Sir E. Sandys
treasurer, Ferrar counsel, 111, 112;
emigration of unmarried women to,
115, 116.

First colonial assembly, acts of, i.
112, 113; ordinance securing the lib-
erties of Virginia, 117; Wyatt brings
free constitution, 118; conditional
servitude in, 125; negro slavery in,
126; Wyatt's administration, 126,
127; cotton planted, silk culture at-
tempted, etc., 126; religious teaching
in, 127; troubles of, with the red
men, whites massacred, 127, 128;
war for extermination, 128, 129.

King James and the London Com-
pany, i. 129, 130; the order to give up
the charter refused, 131; commission-
ers sent to Virginia, 131, 132; spirit of
the people, 132; the assembly's acts
of legislation, 132, 133; patents can-
celled, 133; Wyatt governor, 133,
134; Charles I. and Virginia, 135;

Yeardley governor, 136; Harvey suc-
ceeds, 136, 137; the Puritans invited
to Virginia, 136; Harvey impeached,
sustained by privy council, 138, 139;
Wyatt governor, 139; Berkeley's ad-
ministration, 159, 140; course of the
legislature, 140, 141; second massa-
cre by Indians, 142; prosperity and
loyalty of, 143.

The Long Parliament asserts its su-
premacy in, i. 143; change in Eng-
land's commercial policy, 144-146;
Virginia yields to pressure, etc., 146,
147; course pursued by Cromwell to-
ward, 148; the assembly claims its
rights, 148, 149; Berkeley again
elected, 150; inhabitants of, 150,
151; religious liberty for all except
Quakers, 151; climate and native at-
tractions of, 151; mode of living,
hospitality, etc., 152, 153.

The colony badly used by Charles
II., i. 365, 452; people of, elections,
aristocracy, democracy, etc., 442, 443;
servants in, 443; negro slaves, 444;
two parties in, 445; royalist assembly
in, 446; navigation acts oppressive,
446, 447; persecutions in, 448; reve-
nue of, 449; salaries, taxation in, 443;
assembly's action, suffrage in, 451;
means of education, 451; Virginia
given away by Charles II., 452, 453;
agents sent to protest against this,
453; the king orders a charter, but
recalls the order, 454; the colony in
1674, 455; reform movements in, 456,
457; contests with the Indians, 457,
458; Berkeley's course, consequences,
458; the new assembly and its acts,
460, 461; Bacon's rebellion, 461–464;
Jamestown burned, 466; rebels and
others from abroad sent to Virginia,
471, 472; despotic measures resisted,
473, 474; movements for union with
New England colonies, 474.

Form of government, burgesses,
etc. (1689), ii. 17; the church and
people, 18-20; disfranchises negroes,
mulattoes, and Indians, 256, 257; op-
poses the slave-trade, 279, 280; inde-
pendent spirit of, 341; condition of
(1754), 393, 394; slavery in, 394;
supplies troops for Forbes's expedi-
tion, 493; opposes the slave-trade,
549; address of, to the king, iii. 92;
memorial to the lords, 93; remon-
strance to the commons, 93; resolve
of, as to the stamp-act, 110; debate
on Patrick Henry's resolutions, 111,
112; "rang the alarum bell" (1765),
112; the assembly not allowed to

meet, 120; votes a statue to King
George, 213; opposes the slave-trade,
248; the assembly approves of course
of Massachusetts, 285; urges on the
other colonies to hold liberty firm,
285, 286; claim of, to the West, 320;
opposes Stuart and the Cherokee line,
520, 321; western boundary question,
322; resolves of, and circular, 347,
348; the governor dissolves the house,
348; non-importation covenant in,
318-350; the western boundary of,
392; Lord Dunmore governor, 396;
protests against the slave-trade, 409,
410;
the king orders continuance of
the trade, 410; address of, to the
king, 411; proposes intercolonial
committees, 436, 437; effect of the
proposition, 437.

Spirit of the house of burgesses
(1774), iv. 16, 17; day of fasting and
prayer appointed, 17; the house dis-
solved, meets directly after, 17; con-
vention called, 18; backwoodsmen of,
help Boston, 29, 30; convention of,
34; denounces slavery, 34; decision
reached, 35, 36; opposes the Quebec
act, 82; Lord Dunmore governor,
82; disobeys the act, 83; the people
in West Virginia assert American
rights, 83, 89; Presbyterian resolve
in council, 100, 101; the assembly
prorogued, 108; spirit of West Vir-
ginia, 131; conservative character of,
dislikes prospect of war, 144; second
convention and its acts, 144; P.
Henry proposes measures of defence,
144, 145; is opposed by Bland, Har-
rison, and others, 145; measures
adopted, 145; the people threaten to
rise against Dunmore, 146; moderat
ing counsels prevail, 147; rising in,
Dunmore's course, 179, 180; conven-
tion in Richmond, clear and judicious
course, 254; money voted, 255; war
is begun by Dunmore, 317; effect of
burning Norfolk, 321; moves to open
the ports of the colonies for free
trade, 321; house of burgesses meets
and dissolves, 412; constituent con-
vention (May, 1776), 412; the people
unanimous, 413; instructions to dele-
gates, 414; E. Pendleton president,
414; resolutions on independence and
confederation, 415; declaration of
rights, 416; quoted, 417-419; form
of government adopted, 426; gover-
nor, privy council, general assembly
in two branches, 427; Patrick Henry
elected governor, 428.

Declaration of independence re-

ceived (1776), v. 5; the claim on the
north-western territory, 14; disestab-
lishes the church, 123; prosperity of,
327; raid into, under Matthew, 327,
328; action of the legislature on con-
fiscation, poll tax, constitution of
government, etc. (1779), 328, 329;
forbids the slave-trade, 329; gener-
ous help of, for Carolina, 383, 334;
antagonism toward New England,
407; permits emancipation, not aboli-
tion, 410; receives help from France,
441; asserts state sovereignty, 441,
442; patriotic offers for the union,
453, 454; repeals grant of impost,
vi. 63; effect of Washington's letter
(1783), 95, 96; views of (1784), 111;
disestablishes the church, 155; course
of, on the paper-money question, 173-
175; hesitates as to giving congress
power over trade, 184, 185; commis-
sioners of, to convention at Annapo-
lis, Maryland, 185; unanimous action
of the assembly, 197, 198; Virginia
statesmen against slavery, 262; ac-
cepts the ordinance for western lands,
with exclusion of slavery, 290, 291;
the rights of free negroes in, 291;
the legislature discusses and acts on
the new constitution, 377-379; views
as to the Mississippi river, and rights,
423; state convention on the federal
constitution meets, 426; long and
earnest debates, strong men on both
sides, 426-434; the convention re-
fuses conditional ratification, 436;
the constitution ratified, 436; the op-
position acquiesces, 436, 437; the
legislature calls for a second federal
convention, 465.

Voltaire, and Frederic of Prussia, ii.
478, 479; predicts revolution, iii. 75;
letter of, to D'Alembert, 229; on
representative government, iv. 369;
friendship of, for America, v. 247;
renders homage to Lafayette, 247;
scene in the French Academy with
Franklin, 256.

Vries, De. See De Vries.

W.

Wabash river, expedition to, v. 310.
Waddel, in command against the "regu
lators" in Carolina, iii. 400, 401.
Wadsworth, James, of Connecticut, in
congress, vi. 113; in the state conven-
tion, opposes the new constitution,
894, 395; result, 395.

Wadsworth, Captain Joseph, and the
charter of Connecticut, i. 588.
Wainwright, Simon, of Haverhill, Massa-
chusetts, killed by the Indians, ii.
197.

Walcott, of the British army, v. 145; on
treating with congress, 146.
Waldeck, prince of, offers England six
hundred mercenaries, iv. 350.
Waldenses, in New Netherland, i. 512.
Waldron, R., murdered by the Indians,
ii. 178, 179.

Walker, Henderson, governor of North
Carolina, ii. 14.

Walker, Sir H., ii. 200; fleet of, wrecked
in the St. Lawrence, 202.
Walpole, Horatio, auditor - general, ii.
239, 243; receives money illegally,
256; advises coercion of the colonies,
347; on Townshend's instructions,
376.

Walpole, Sir Robert, prime minister of
England (1715), ii. 213, 214; charac-
ter of, 240, 241; on taxing the colo-
nies, 251; opposes war against Spain,
293, 294; resigns, 295; views on
stamp-act and revenue, iii. 58, 70.
Walton, George, delegate to congress
(1776), iv. 391.

Wanton, governor of Rhode Island, calls
an assembly, iv. 171.
Ward, Artemas, appointed general, iv.
121; at Cambridge, 173; in command
around Boston, 209; fears a general
action, 219; sends Stark to Prescott's
help, 220, 221; dilatory, 223; general
orders after the battle of Bunker Hill,
231; elected by congress major-gen-
eral, 232; with the centre of the army,
240; in command of a division at
Cambridge, 247.

Ward, Nathaniel, furnishes "model"
for code of laws in Massachusetts, i.
282.

Warner, Seth, takes Crown Point, iv.
183; lieutenant-colonel of the Green
Mountain Boys, 292; attack of, on the
British, 296; at Hubbardton, v. 162;
retreats, 162, 163; in the battle at
Bennington, Vermont, 172.
Warren, James, speaker of the Massa-
chusetts legislature, iv. 242; Wash-
ington's appeal to, v. 318.

Warren, Joseph, "freedom and equali-
ty," the new war cry of, iii. 207; in
the Massachusetts assembly, 217; let-
ter on Bernard, 278; on committee
with Samuel Adams, prepares a state-
ment of grievances, 421; spirit of, iv.
23; on county congress, 52; fearless,
60; hopeful words of, 90; opinions

of, 122; oration of, at commemora-
tion of the Boston massacre, 133,
134; at the British retreat from Con-
cord, 165, 166; deprecates war, 184;
noble spirit of, 200; letter to Samuel
Adams, 203; falls at Bunker Hill,
230; character of, 230, 231.
Warren, Sir Peter, admiral, in the expe-

dition against Louisburg, ii. 308, 309.
Washington, George, early life and
training, ii. 312, 313; envoy to the
French on the Ohio, 378, 379; reaches
Fort Le Boeuf, 380; toilsome return,
380, 381; lieutenant-colonel, for act-
ive service against the French, 381;
fight with the French under Jumon-
ville, 384, 385; at Great Meadows,
capitulates, 385; gives up service
through disgust at Braddock's course,
412; one of Braddock's aids, 420;
share in the battle at Braddock's de-
feat, 423, 424; sympathy and self-
sacrifice, 444, 445; praised, but neg-
lected, 451; in the expedition under
Forbes (1758), 493; commands the
advance party, 494, 495; enters Fort
Duquesne, 495; honor and praise be-
stowed on, elected a burgess, 497;
marriage of, 497; at Mount Vernon,
497; opinion of, as to the stamp-act,
iii. 146; on the repeal of the stamp-
act, 213; views of (1768), 283; at
Mount Vernon, sentiments and course
of, 344; plan of, for non-importation,
348; on the Ohio, 393.

Spirit and course of (1774), iv. 17,
18; subscription for help, president
of Fairfax county convention, 29;
opinions of, 34, 35, 143; in congress,
64; letter to British officer, 72;
Patrick Henry's opinion of, 78; dele-
gate to the second congress, 190;
opinions of, 199; elected commander-
in-chief by congress, iv. 205; charac-
ter of, training, noble qualities, etc.,
205-210; knowing the difficulties be-
fore him, accepts, 211; pledge to con-
gress, 211, 212; letter to his wife,
212, 235; leaves Philadelphia for the
army, 235; letter to his brother,
236; reception of, in New York and
New England, 236, 237; takes com-
mand of the army, 239; begins with
reforms, 240; report of, to congress,
243; trying duties, 247; remonstrates
with Gage, 249; vexations encoun
tered, 250; insists upon an exami-
nation into the state of the army,
262; committee of congress visit him
and devise plan of relief, 262; sends
two battalions overland to Canada

under Benedict Arnold, 297, 298;
asks the Canadians to join the Ameri-
cans, 298; in favor of declaring inde-
pendence, 315; on the destruction of
Norfolk, Virginia, 321; difficulties
and troubles with army matters, 321,
322; enlists free negroes, 322, 323;
lack of money, arms, etc., 323; letter
reproving congress as to attack on
Boston, 323, 324; fortifies Dorches-
ter Heights and Nook Hill, 326, 327,
329; drives the British out of Boston,
329, 330; thanks received from con-
gress and people of Boston, 330, 331;
sends troops to New York, 330; goes
to New York, 376; how served by
congress, 377; views as to the con-
test with England, 419.

Badly off for troops (June, 1776), iv.
430; deadly plot against, in New
York, 430, 431; letter to congress on
the condition of the army, 436, 437;
letter on Howe's arrival at Sandy
Hook, 441; on the riot in New York
city, v. 4, 5; refuses letters which are
not properly addressed, 7, 8; views
of, 8; letter to Governor Trumbull,
25; pain at the loss of troops, 32;
inspects the works, 34; resolves to
cross the river to New York, 35; se-
crecy and success of the movement,
36-38; urges enlistments for the war,
39, 40; letter to congress, 42; activi-
ty in retreat from New York, 44–47;
pleads for an army, 51; unheeded by
congress, 52; on Harlem Heights and
vicinity, 65, 66; deplores the inac-
tivity and wilfulness of congress, 68,
69; begins to evacuate New York
Island, 69, 70; sends corps to White
Plains, 70; holds council of war, 70;
advises giving up Fort Washington,
75; examines the Highlands on the
Hudson, 76; grieves over the loss of
Fort Washington and vicinity, 80;
troubles and trials of, 81, 82; at New-
ark, New Jersey, 82; orders of, to C.
Lee disobeyed, 81-84; at Brunswick,
83; at Princeton, 84; prevents the
British from crossing the Delaware,
85; is the main hope of the United
States, 87.

Plans attack on the enemy (Decem-
ber, 1776), v. 90; urges congress to
raise troops, 91, 92; crosses the Dela-
ware, 97; success of, at Trenton, 98,
99; is authorized to raise troops, 100,
101; extraordinary powers granted to,
101; pledges his fortune, 102; at As-
sanpink, 103, 104; retreats at night
to Princeton, 105, 106; plans to take

Brunswick, 107; headquarters at Mor-
ristown, 108; proclamation of, 109;
cavilled at in congress, 110; highly
esteemed by R. Morris and others, 109,
110; number of troops in New Jersey,
148; recommends drafting, 148, 149;
watches the enemy, Fabian policy suc-
cessful, 153, 154; sends Arnold and
Lincoln to Schuyler's help, 166; let-
ters to New England officers, 166; on
Burgoyne's advance, 167; rouses Mas-
sachusetts troops, 173; strives for a
national army, 174; marches to Wil-
mington, Delaware, 175, 176; positions
taken, 176; battle of the Brandywine,
177-179; at Chester, report to con-
gress, 179; movement blamed by John
Adams, 180, 181; sends for Morgan's
corps, 181; Gates does not respond,
197; proposes to move on German-
town, 193; cause of failure at Ger-
mantown, 194, 195; gets news of
Burgoyne's surrender, 195; jealousy
of congress toward, 197; refuses the
"mad enterprise" of attacking Phila-
delphia, 209; at Whitemarsh, 209;
number of troops, 210; disapproves
Conway's promotion, 210; interview
with Conway, 211; abused by Reed,
Lovell, etc., 211; pitics the troops in
winter quarters (1777, 1778), 213;
blames Mifflin, 213; makes entreaties
for the soldiers, 214; letter to Gordon,
216; dignified course of, 216, 217;
letter from Conway, 216, 217; plan
of, for drafting troops, 218, 219; dis-
approves new staff regulations, 219,
220; differs with congress, 220, 221;
letter of, on a standing army (1778),
221.

Opinion of, on propositions of the
British commissioners, v. 255, 256;
attacks Clinton on retreat through
New Jersey, 274-277; gains a victory
at Monmouth, 276-278; at White
Plains, 286; the hand of Providence
recognized, 286, 287; on the state-
rights difficulty, etc., 298; in Phila-
delphia (1779), 317; letters on efficient
government, 318, 319; interview with
Gerard, 319, 320; on enlisting slaves
in the South, 370; at Morristown, 423;
meets committee of congress, 424,
425; has a meeting with the French
officers, 432; appeals to Reed, 443;
letter to J. Jones, of Georgia, on in-
efficiency of congress, 444; letter to
George Mason on distress and rem-
edy, 449, 450; appeals to France
for help, 452; to R. R. Livingston,
453; begs that congress have coer-

cive powers, 455-457; in full control
at last, 477; letter commending Gen-
eral Greene, 478; orders Steuben to
aid Greene, 495; plans Virginia cam-
paign, 505, 506; arranges with the
French officers, 508, 509; begs troops
of New England, 509; at Mount Ver-
non, 517; has conference with De
Grasse, 518; receives thanks of con-
gress, 523; demands Lippincot, 555;
makes request to Carleton, 555; re-
ply of, to Nicola's letter, 558; on the
sufferings of the army, 561; appeal
to Virginia statesmen for efficient
government, vi. 16, 17; advice to
Custis and to Jones, 18, 19; opinions
of, on the crisis, 66; appeals to the
governor of Virginia, 70; reply to
anonymous address, 71; meets officers
of the army, 73; result of his action,
75; letter to Hamilton, 76, 77; ad-
dress of, to his countrymen, legacy to
the people, energy of patriotism, 83-
86; letter, how received in the states,
90-97; takes a northern tour, 101,
102; statue voted to, by congress, 102;
adviser to congress at Princeton, New
Jersey, 102, 103; address of, to the
army, 105; parts with the officers,
106; journey through New Jersey,
107; through Philadelphia, 107; re-
signs his commission, 108; returns
to Mount Vernon, 109; on commerce
with the West, 114; honors decreed
to, by Virginia, 114; pleads for a
national constitution in letter to Har-
rison, 115; tour of, in the West, 125;
report to Governor Harrison, 126;
negotiates between Virginia and Mary-
land, 127, 128; western policy of,
130, 131; inflexible against breach of
public faith, 174; in private life, 177;
invited to visit France, 177, 178;
home of, lands, negroes, etc., 178,
180; hatred of, for war, 181; enjoins
moderation on Lafayette at beginning
of French revolution, 182; meeting of
commissioners at his house, 182, 183;
on the importance of the union to the
republic, 184.

Is chosen delegate to the federal
convention, vi. 198; makes prepara-
tion for, 203; goes to Philadelphia,
208; chosen president of the conven-
tion, 211; influence of, in the conven-
tion, 276; praises colony in Ohio,
290; proposes amendment to the con-
stitution, 366; meditations on the
result, 367; efforts of, in Virginia in
favor of the constitution, 375, 376;
wins over Randolph, 377; hope and