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BADEN, 1868.*

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN-NATURALIZATION-CONCLUDED JULY 19, 1868; RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED DECEMBER 7, 1869; PROCLAIMED JANUARY 10, 1870.

Contracting par

The President of the United States of America and His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Baden, led by the wish to regulate the citizenship of those persons who emigrate from ties. Baden to the United States of America, and from the United States of America to the territory of the Grand Duchy, have resolved to treat on this subject, and have for that purpose appointed Plenipotentiaries; that is to say:

The President of the United States of America, George Bancroft, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said States near the Grand Duke of Baden; and His Royal

Negotiators.

Highness the Grand Duke of Baden, his President of the Ministry of the Grand-Ducal House and of Foreign Affairs and Chamberlain, Rudolph von Freydorf;

Who have agreed to and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

When native citi

are to be treated s

Citizens of the Grand Duchy of Baden, who have resided uninterruptedly within the United States of America five years, and before, during, or after that time have become or shall be- zens of one country come naturalized citizens of the United States, shall be citizens of the other. held by Baden to be American citizens, and shall be treated as such. Reciprocally, citizens of the United States of America who have resided uninterruptedly within the Grand Duchy of Baden five years, and before, during, or after that time have become or shall become naturalized citizens of the Grand Duchy of Baden, shall be held by the United States to be citizens of Baden, and shall be treated as such. The declaration of an intention to become a citizen of the one or the other country has not for either party the effect of naturalization.

ARTICLE II.

Offenses commit

A naturalized citizen of the one party, on return to the territory of the other party, remains liable to trial and punishment for an action punishable by the laws of his original country, and ted before emigra committed before his emigration, saving always the limita

tion.

tion established by the laws of his original country, or any other remission of liability to punishment. In particular, a former Badener who, under the first article, is to be held as an American citizen, is liable to trial and punishment according to the laws of Baden for non-fulfillment of military duty

1. If he has emigrated after he, on occasion of the draft from those owing military duty, has been enrolled as a recruit for service in the standing army.

2. If he has emigrated whilst he stood in service under the flag, or had a leave of absence only for a limited time.

3. If, having a leave of absence for an unlimited time, or belonging to the reserve or to the militia, he has emigrated after having received a call into service, or after a public proclamation requiring his appear ance, or after war has broken out.

*Pamphlet Laws, 2d session, 41st Congress, p. 329, (Vol. XVI of Statutes not yet out.)

On the other hand, a former Bdener, naturalized in the United States, who, by or after his emigration, has transgressed or shall transgress the legal provisions on military duty by any acts or omissions other than those above enumerated in the clauses numbered one to three, can, on his return to his original country, neither be held subsequently to military service nor remain liable to trial and punishment for the noufulfillment of his military duty. Moreover, the attachment on the property of an emigrant for non-fulfillment of his military duty, except in the cases designated in the clauses numbered one to three, shall be removed so soon as he shall prove his naturalization in the United States according to the first article.

Renunc:ation of naturalization.

ARTICLE III.

The convention for the mutual delivery of criminals, fugitives from justice, concluded between the Grand Duchy of Baden on the one part, and the United States of America on the other part, the thirtieth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and fiftyseven, remains in force without change.

ARTICLE IV.

Recovery of citi

country.

The emigrant from the one State who, according to the first article, is to be held as a citizen of the other State, shall not on his zenship in original return to his original country be constrained to resume his former citizenship; yet if he shall of his own accord reacquire it and renounce the citizenship obtained by naturalization, such a renunciation is allowed, and no fixed period of residence shall be required for the recognition of his recovery of citizenship in his original country.

Duration of convention.

ARTICLE V.

The present convention shall go into effect immediately on the exchange of ratifications, and shall continue in force ten years. If neither party shall have given to the other six months' previous notice of its intention then to terminate the same, it shall remain in force until the end of twelve months after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice of such intention.

ARTICLE VI.

The present convention shall be ratified by His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Baden, and by the President, by and with Ratifications. the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Carlsruhe as soon as possible.

In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this convention.

CARLSRUHE, the 19th July, 1868.

[L. S.] L. S.

GEORGE BANCROFT. v. FREYDORF.

BAVARIA.

BAVARIA, 1845.*

CONVENTION WITH BAVARIA, CONCLUDED JANUARY 21, 1845; RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT BERLIN NOVEMBER 4, 1845; PROCLAIMED AUGUST 16, 1-46.

Convention for the mutual abolition of the droit d'aubaine and taxes on emigration between the United States of America and His Majesty the King of Bararia.

Preanible.

The United States of America and His Majesty the King of Bavaria, having agreed, for the advantage of their respective citizens and subjects, to conclude a convention for the mutual abolition of the droit d'aubaine and taxes on emigration, have named, for this purpose, their respective Plenipotentiaries, namely:

Negotiators.

The President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Henry Wheaton, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Royal Court of Prussia; and His Majesty the King of Bavaria, upon Count Maximilian von Lerchenfeld-Kafering, his Chamberlain, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Royal Prussian Court, Commander of the Royal Order of the Knights of St. George, of the Order for Merit in Civil Service of the Bavarian Crown, of St. Michael, Grand Cross of the Russian Imperial Order of St. Anne of the first class, of the Royal Prussian Order of the Red Eagle of the first class, Commander, Grand Cross of the Royal Swedish Order of the North Star, and Great Commander of the Royal Greek Order of the Saviour;

Who, after having exchanged their said full powers, found in due and proper form, have agreed to and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

Every kind of droit d'aubaine, droit de retraite, and droit de détraction or tax on emigration, is hereby, and shall remain, abolished Abolition of droit between the two contracting parties, their States, citizens, and subjects, respectively.

ARTICLE II.

d'aubaine and taxes on emigration.

Heirs to real property.

Where, on the death of any person holding real property within the territories of one party, such real property would, by the laws of the land, descend on a citizen or subject of the other, were he not disqualified by alienage, such citizen or subject shall be allowed a term of two years to sell the same, which term may be reasonably prolonged according to circumstances, and to withdraw the proceeds thereof, without molestation, and exempt from all duties of détraction.

* Vol. IX, Statutes at Large, p. 826 et seq.

ARTICLE III.

Citizens or

to have power to die

property in the States

The citizens or subjects of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their (real and*) personal property jects of each porty within the States of the other, by testament, donation, or pose of their personal otherwise; and their heirs, legatees, and donees, being of the other, &c. citizens or subjects of the other contracting party, shall succeed to their said (real and*) personal property, and may take posses sion thereof, either by themselves or by others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their pleasure, paying such duties only as the inhabitants of the country where the said property lies shall be liable to pay in like cases.

heirs.

́ ARTICLE IV.

In case of the absence of the heirs, the same care shall be taken Property of absent provisionally of such real or personal property as would be taken in a like case of property belonging to the natives of the country, until the lawful owner or the person who has a right to sell the same, according to Article II, may take measures to receive or dispose of the inheritance.

Disputes concern

ARTICLE V.

If any dispute should arise between different claimants to the same inheritance, they shall be decided in the last resort according inheritances. ing to the laws, and by the judges, of the country where the property is situated.

ARTICLE VI.

But this convention shall not derogate in any manner from the force of the laws already published, or hereafter to be published, by His Majesty the King of Bavaria, to prevent the emigration of his subjects.

Bavarian law to Teovent emigration

derogated.

Ratifications.

ARTICLE VII.

This convention is concluded subject to the ratification of the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of their Senate, and of His Majesty the King of Bavaria, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Berlin within the term of fifteen months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if possible.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the above articles, as well in English as in German, and have thereto affixed their seals.

Done in quadruplicate, in the city of Berlin, on the twenty-first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and forty-five, in the sixtyninth year of the independence of the United States of America, and the nineteenth of the reign of His Majesty the King of Bavaria.

[L S.] [L. S.]

HENRY WHEATON.
GRAF v. LERCHENFELD.

* The words in parentheses are, in the original treaty, encircled in re link.

BAVARIA, 1853.*

EXTRADITION CONVENTION WITH BAVARIA, CONCLUDED SEPTEMBER 12, 1553; RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT LONDON NOVEMBER 1, 1854; PROCLAIMED NOVEMBER 18, 1854.

Preamble.

The United States of America and His Majesty the King of Bavaria, actuated by an equal desire to further the administration of justice, and to prevent the commission of crimes in their respective countries, taking into consideration that the increased means of communication between Europe and America facilitate the escape of offenders, and that, consequently, provision ought to be made in order that the ends of justice shall not be defeated, have determined to conclude an arrangement destined to regulate the course to be observed in all cases with reference to the extradition of such individuals as, having committed any of the offenses hereafter enumerated, in one country, shall have taken refuge within the territories of the other. The constitution and laws of Bavaria, however, not allowing the Bavarian Government to surrender their own subjects for trial before a foreign court of justice, a strict reciprocity requires that surrendered. the Government of the United States shall be held equally free from any obligation to surrender citizens of the United States. For which purposes the high contracting powers have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:

Citizens not to be

Negotiators,

The President of the United States, James Buchanan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States at the Court of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; His Majesty the King of Bavaria, Augustus Baron de Cetto, his said Majesty's Chamberlain, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Knight Commander of the Order for Merit of the Bavarian Crown and of the Order for Merit of St. Michael, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Grecian Order of our Saviour; Who, after reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed to the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

Extradition.

The Government of the United States and the Bavarian Government promise and engage, upon mutual requisitions by them or their ministers, officers, or authorities, respectively made, to deliver up to justice all persons who, being charged with the crime of murder, or assault with intent to commit murder, or piracy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, or the utterance of forged papers, or the fabrication or circulation of counterfeit money, whether coin or paper money, or the embezzlement of public moneys, committed within the jurisdiction of either party, shall seek an asylum, or shall be found within the territories of the other: Provided, That this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment for trial, if the crime or offense had there been committed; and the respective judges and other magistrates of the two Governments shall have power, jurisdiction, and authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a warrant for the apprehension of the fugitive or person

* Vol. X, Statutes at Large, p 1022 et seq.

Evidence.

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