of section 3 thereof [section 552 of Title 5]. (Jan. 12, 1951, ch. 1228, title III, § 305, 64 Stat. 1253.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2251 to 2263, 2271, 2272, 2281 to 2284, 2291 to 2294, 2296, 2297 of this Appendix.

§ 2296. Compensation for acquisition of nongovernmental property; return of property to owner; disposal of surplus property.

(a) Except in the case of property acquired pursuant to section 201 (h) of this Act [section 2281 (h) of this Appendix] in conformity with the provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, or through judicial proceedings for condemnation, the Administrator shall promptly determine the amount of the compensation to be paid for any property (other than that of the Federal Government or any department or agency thereof) or the use thereof acquired pursuant to this Act [sections 2251 to 2284, 2286 and 2291 to 2297 of this Appendix], but each such determination shall be made as of the time it is acquired in accordance with the provisions for just compensation in the fifth amendment to the Constitution of the United States. If the person entitled to receive the amount so determined by the Administrator as just compensation is unwilling to accept the same as full and complete compensation for such property or the use thereof, he shall be paid promptly 75 per centum of such amount and shall be entitled to recover from the United States, in an action brought in the Court of Claims, or, without regard to whether the amount involved exceeds $10,000, in any district court of the United States, within three years after the date of the Administrator's award, such additional amount, if any, which, when added to the amount so paid to him, shall be just compensation.

(b) Whenever the Administrator determines that any real property acquired by him is no longer needed for the purposes of this Act [sections 2251 to 2284, 2286 and 2291 to 2297 of this Appendix], he shall, if the original owner desires the return of the property and pays to the Administrator the fair value thereof, return such property to such owner. In the event the Administrator and the original owner do not agree as to the fair value of such property, the fair value shall be determined by three appraisers, one of whom shall be chosen by the Administrator, one by the original owner, and the third by the first two appraisers; the expenses of such determination shall be paid in equal shares by the Government and the original owner.

(c) Whenever the need for the purposes of this Act [sections 2251 to 2284, 2286 and 2291 to 2297 of this Appendix] of any personal property acquired under this Act [said sections] shall terminate, the Administrator may dispose of such property on such terms and conditions as he shall deem appropriate, but to the extent feasible and practicable he shall give to the former owner of any property so disposed of an opportunity to reacquire it (1) at its then fair value as determined by the Administrator, or (2) if it is to be disposed of (otherwise than at a public sale of which he shall give reasonable notice) at less than such value, at the highest price any other

person is willing to pay therefor: Provided, That this opportunity to reacquire need not be given in the case of fungibles or items having a fair value of less than $1,000. (Jan. 12, 1951, ch. 1228, title III, § 306, 64 Stat. 1253.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to chapters 10 and 16 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, chapter 4 of Title 41, Public Contracts, and chapters 21, 25, 27, 29, and 31 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Functions of the Federal Civil Defense Administrator were transferred to the President of the United States by section 1 of 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799, as amended, set out as a note under section 2271 of this Appendix. The Federal Civil Defense Administration was consolidated with the Office of Defense Mobilization to form the Office of Emergency Preparedness in the Executive Office of the President.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2251 to 2263, 2271, 2272, 2281 to 2284, 2291 to 2295, 2297 of this Appendix. § 2297. Termination of sections 2291 to 2297 of this Appendix.

The provisions of this title [sections 2291-2297 of this Appendix] shall terminate on June 30, 1974, or on such earlier date as may be prescribed by concurrent resolution of the Congress. (Jan. 12, 1951, ch. 1228, title III, § 307, 64 Stat. 1254; June 3, 1954, ch. 253, 68 Stat. 170; July 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85-514, 72 Stat. 356; June 27, 1962, Pub. L. 87-501, 76 Stat. 111; June 30, 1966, Pub. L. 89-483, 80 Stat. 235; June 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91-299, 84 Stat. 367.)

AMENDMENTS

1970-Pub. L. 91-299 extended the termination date from June 30, 1970 to June 30, 1974.

1966-Pub. L. 89-483 extended the termination date from June 30, 1966 to June 30, 1970.

1962-Pub. L. 87-501 extended the termination date from June 30, 1962 to June 30, 1966.

1958-Pub. L. 85-514 extended the termination date from June 30, 1958 to June 30, 1962.

1954 Act June 3, 1954, extended the termination date from June 30, 1954 to June 30, 1958.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2251 to 2263, 2271, 2272, 2281 to 2284, 2286, 2291 to 2296 of this Appendix.

EMERGENCY FOOD AID TO INDIA

ACT JUNE 15, 1951, CH. 138, 65 STAT. 69

Sec. 2311. Emergency food relief to India on credit terms; terms and quantities; repayment in strategic and critical materials.

2312. Amount of money available for loan; issuance of notes; public debt transaction. 2313. Use of funds; restrictions; law governing. 2314. Shipment of supplies; operation of ships by Department of Commerce; repayment of advances for activation of ships.

2315. Relief packages and supplies; payment of ocean freight.

2316. Use of repayment funds; limitation.

§ 2311. Emergency food relief to India on credit terms; terms and quantities; repayment in strategic and critical materials.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the Administrator for Economic Cooperation is author

ized and directed to provide emergency food relief assistance to India on credit terms as provided in section 111 (c) (2) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, including payment by transfer to the United States (under such terms and in such quantities as may be agreed to between the Administrator and the Government of India) of materials required by the United States as a result of deficiencies, actual or potential, in its own resources. The Administrator is directed and instructed that in his negotiations with the Government of India he shall, so far as practicable and possible, obtain for the United States the immediate and continuing transfer of substantial quantities of such materials particularly those found to be strategic and critical. (June 15, 1951, ch. 138, § 2, 65 Stat. 70.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Section 111 (c) (2) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, referred to in the text, was section 111 (c) (2) of act Apr. 3, 1948, ch. 169, and was repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, § 542(a) (4), 68 Stat. 861. See section 2395 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

SHORT TITLE

Section 1 of act June 15, 1951, provided that act June 15, 1951, enacting sections 2311-2316 of this Appendix should be popularly known as the "India Emergency Food Aid Act of 1951".

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Functions conferred by law upon, or delegated or otherwise assigned by the President to, or otherwise placed under the jurisdiction of the Foreign Operations Administration were transferred to the Secretary of State and Department of State, to be carried out by the Secretary of State, or, if he shall so direct, the Director of the International Cooperation Administration (the Deputy Director of the Foreign Operations Administration so redesignated) and the Office of Director of Foreign Operations Administration was abolished by Ex. Ord. No. 10610, May 9, 1955, 20 F.R. 3179, eff. July 1, 1955, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10663, Mar. 26, 1956, 21 F.R. 1845, eff. Apr. 1, 1956. See section 2381 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse and note thereunder.

The office of Director for Mutual Security was abolished and the functions of the Director transferred to the Director of the Foreign Operations Administration by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 7, eff. Aug. 1, 1953, 18 F.R. 4541, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

The Economic Cooperation Administration was abolished and its administrator's powers and functions transferred to the Director for Mutual Security by section 502 of Act Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, 65 Stat. 378 and Ex. Ord. No. 10300, Nov. 2, 1951, 16 F.R. 11203, eff. Dec. 30, 1951.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2312, 2313, 2316 of this Appendix.

§2312. Amount of money available for loan; issuance of notes; public debt transaction.

For purposes of this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix] the President is authorized to utilize not in excess of $190,000,000 during the period ending June 30, 1952, of which sum (1) not less than $100,000,000 shall be made available immediately from funds heretofore appropriated by Public Law 759, Eighty-first Congress, for expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended; and (2) $90,000,000 shall be available from any balance of such funds unallotted and unobligated as of June 30, 1951:

Provided, That if such amount unallotted and unobligated is less than $90,000,000 an amount equal to the difference shall be obtained from the issuance of notes in such amount by the Administrator for the Economic Cooperation Administration, who is authorized and directed to issue such notes from time to time during fiscal years 1951 and 1952 for purchase by the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase such notes and, in making such purchases to use, as a public debt transaction, the proceeds of any public debt issue pursuant to the Second Liberty Loan Act, as amended: And provided further, That $50,000,000 reserved by the Bureau of the Budget pursuant to section 1214 of Public Law 759 of the Eighty-first Congress from funds appropriated by that Act for expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, shall not be available for purposes of this section. (June 15, 1951, ch. 138, § 3, 65 Stat. 70.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Public Law 759, Eighty-first Congress, referred to in the text was the General Appropriation Act, 1951, act Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, 64 Stat. 595. For classification see Tables Volume.

The Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, referred to in the text, was act Apr. 3, 1948, ch. 169, title I, §§ 101-124, 62 Stat. 137-156, as amended, which was repealed by acts Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, § 503 (b) (1), as added June 20, 1952, ch. 449, § 7(c), 66 Stat. 144, and Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, § 542 (a) (4), (6) and (9)—(11), 68 Stat. 861. See chapter 32 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The Second Liberty Loan Act, referred to in text, is Act Sept. 24, 1917, ch. 56, 40 Stat. 288, as amended, which was classified to section 745, former section 747, sections 752, 752a, 753, 754, 754a, 754b, 757, 757b, and 757c, former section 757c-1, and sections 757c-2, 757c-3, 757d, 757e, 758, 760, 764, 765, 766, 769, 771, 773, 774, and 801 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Section 1214 of Public Law 759 of the Eighty-first Congress, referred to in the text, was not classified to the Code.

That Act, referred to in the text, refers to Public Law 759 of the Eighty-first Congress.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Functions conferred by law upon, or delegated or otherwise assigned by the President to, or otherwise placed under the jurisdiction of the Foreign Operations Administration were transferred to the Secretary of State and Department of State, to be carried out by the Secretary of State, or, if he shall so direct, the Director of the International Cooperation Administration (the Deputy Director of the Foreign Operations Administration so redesignated) and the office of Director of Foreign Operations Administration was abolished by Ex. Ord. No. 10610, May 9, 1955, 20 F.R. 3179, eff. July 1, 1955, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10663, Mar. 26, 1956, 21 F.R. 1845, eff. Apr. 1, 1956. See section 2381 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse and note thereunder.

The office of Director for Mutual Security was abolished and the functions of the Director transferred to the Director of the Foreign Operations Administration by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 7, eff. Aug. 1, 1953, 18 F.R. 4541, set out as a note under section 133z-15 of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

The Economic Cooperation Administration was abolished and its Administrator's powers and functions transferred to the Director for Mutual Security by section 502 of act Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, 65 Stat. 378 and Ex. Ord. No. 10300, Nov. 2, 1951, 16 F.R. 11203, eff. Dec. 30, 1951. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2313, 2316 of this Appendix.

§ 2313. Use of funds; restrictions; law governing.

(a) Funds made available for purposes of this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix] shall be used only for the purchase of food grains or equivalents in the United States.

(b) No procurement of any agricultural product within the United States for the purpose of this Act [sections 2311-2316 of this Appendix] shall be made unless the Secretary of Agriculture shall find and certify that such procurement will not impair the fulfillment of the vital needs of the United States.

(c) The assistance provided under this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix] shall be for the sole purpose of providing food grains, or equivalents, to meet the emergency need arising from the extraordinary sequence of flood, drought, and other conditions existing in India in 1950.

(d) The assistance provided under this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix] shall be provided under the provisions of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, applicable to and consistent with the purposes of this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix]. (June 15, 1951, ch. 138, § 4, 65 Stat. 70.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, referred to in the text, was act Apr. 3, 1948, ch. 169, title I, §§ 101-124, 62 Stat. 137-156, as amended, which was repealed by acts Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, § 503(b) (1), as added June 20, 1952, ch. 449, § 7(c), 66 Stat. 144, and Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, § 542 (a) (4), (6) and (9)— (11), 68 Stat. 861. See chapter 32 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 2312, 2316 of this Appendix.

§2314. Shipment of supplies; operation of ships by Department of Commerce; repayment of advances for activation of ships.

Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, to the extent that the President, after consultation with appropriate Government officials and representatives of private shipping, finds and proclaims that private shipping is not available on reasonable terms and conditions for transportation of supplies made available under this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix], the Reconstruction Finance Corporation is authorized and directed to make advances not to exceed in the aggregate $20,000,000 to the Department of Commerce, in such manner, at such times, and in such amounts as the President shall determine, for activation and operation of vessels for such transportation, and these advances may be placed in any funds or accounts available for such purposes, and no interest shall be charged on advances made by the Treasury to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for these purposes: Provided, That pursuant to agreements made between the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Department of Commerce, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation shall be repaid without interest not later than June 30, 1952, for such advances either from funds hereafter made available to the Department of Commerce for the activation and operation of vessels or, notwithstanding the provisions of any other Act, from receipts from vessel

operations: Provided further, That pending such repayment receipts from vessel operations may be placed in such funds or accounts and used for activating and operating vessels. (June 15, 1951, ch. 138, § 5, 65 Stat. 70.)

ABOLITION OF RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION Section 6(a) of 1957 Reorg. Plan No. 1, eff. June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 647, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, abolished the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

PROC. NO. 2931. ACTIVATION AND OPERATION OF VESSELS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF SUPPLIES

Proc. No. 2931, June 22, 1951; 16 F. R. 5969, 65 Stat. c19, provided:

1. After consultation with appropriate Government officials and representatives of private shipping, I find and proclaim that private shipping is not available on reasonable terms and conditions for transportation of supplies made available under the India Emergency Food Aid Act of 1951 [sections 2311-2316 of this Appendix].

2. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation is hereby authorized and directed to make advances not to exceed In the aggregate $20,000,000 to the Department of Commerce for activation and operation of vessels for such transportation, subject to the terms and conditions of the Act [said sections], and in the manner hereinafter specified.

3. The Director of the Bureau of the Budget [now Office of Management and Budget] is hereby authorized and directed to determine the amounts of such advances and the times when they may be made, subject to the limitations and provisions of section 5 of the Act [this section], and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation shall make advances thereunder pursuant only to such determinations by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget.

4. The Secretary of Commerce may place such advances in any funds or accounts available for such purposes, and, pending repayment of such advances, may place receipts from vessel operations in such funds or accounts and may use such receipts for activating and operating vessels.

5. Each officer or agency mentioned in this proclamation may issue such regulations or orders as are deemed necessary to carry out his or its functions under the provisions of the Act (sections 2311-2316 of this Appendix] and this proclamation.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2312, 2313, 2316 of this Appendix.

§ 2315. Relief packages and supplies; payment of ocean freight.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the Administrator for Economic Cooperation is authorized to pay ocean freight charges from United States ports to designated ports of entry in India of relief packages and supplies under the provisions of section 117 (c) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, including the relief packages and supplies of the American Red Cross. Funds now or hereafter available during the period ending June 30, 1952, for furnishing assistance under the provisions of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, may be used to carry out the purposes of this section. (June 15, 1951, ch. 138, § 6, 65 Stat.

71.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Section 117(c) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, referred to in the text, was section 117(c) of act Apr. 3, 1948, ch. 169, title I, 62 Stat. 53, which was repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, § 542(a) (4) (10), 68 Stat. 861. See chapter 32 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, referred to in the text, was act Apr. 3, 1948, ch. 169, title I,

§§ 101-124, 62 Stat. 137-156, as amended, which was repealed by acts Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, § 503(b)(1), as added June 20, 1952, ch. 449, § 7(c), 66 Stat. 144, and Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, § 542 (a) (4), (6) and (9)— (11), 68 Stat. 861. See chapter 32 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2312, 2313, 2316 of this Appendix.

§ 2316. Use of repayment funds; limitation.

(a) Any sums payable by the Government of India, under the interest terms agreed to between the Government of the United States and the Government of India, on or before January 1, 1957, as interest on the principal of any debt incurred under this Act [sections 2311 to 2316 of this Appendix], and not to exceed a total of $5,000,000, shall, when paid, be placed in a special deposit account in the Treasury of the United States, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, to remain available until expended. This account shall be available to the Department of State for the following uses:

(1) Studies, instruction, technical training, and other educational activities in the United States and in its Territories or possessions (A) for students, professors, other academic persons, and technicians who are citizens of India, and (B) with the approval of appropriate agencies, institutions, or organizations in India, for students, professors, other academic persons, and technicians who are citizens of the United States to participate in similar activities in India, including in both cases travel expenses, tuition, subsistence and other allowances and expenses incident to such activities; and

(2) The selection, purchase, and shipment of (A) American scientific, technical, and scholarly books and books of American literature for higher educational and research institutions of India, (B) American laboratory and technical equipment for higher education and research in India, and (C) the interchange of similar materials and equipment from India for higher education and research in the United States.

(b) Funds made available in accordance with the provisions stated above may be used to defray costs of administering the program authorized herein.

(c) Disbursements from the special deposit account shall be made by the Division of Disbursement of the Treasury Department, upon vouchers duly certified by the Secretary of State or by authorized certifying officers of the Department of State. (June 15, 1951, ch. 138, § 7, 65 Stat. 71.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2312, 2313, 2316 of this Appendix.

KOREAN COMBAT PAY

ACT JULY 10, 1952, CH. 630, TITLE VII,
66 STAT. 538

S$ 2351 to 2356. Repealed. Pub. L. 88-132, § 9(b), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 216.

Sections, act July 19, 1952, ch. 630, title VII, §§ 702707, 66 Stat. 538, 539, designated the Combat Duty Pay Act of 1953 by section 701 of such act July 10, 1952, related to: definitions of "uniformed services", "member", "officer", "secretary", "incentive pay", "special

§ 2371. Modification or cancellation of certain license agreements granted Government during World War II.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the head of any department or other agency in the executive branch of the Government which subsequent to September 9, 1939, entered into any contract or agreement with the holder of any privately owned patent or any right thereunder whereby such holder granted to the United States, without payment of royalty or with reduction or limitation of royalty, any license under such patent or right, is authorized, upon application of the grantor of such license, to enter into such supplemental contract or agreement for the cancellation of the contract or agreement by which such license was granted as the head of such department or agency shall deem to be warranted by equities existing by reason of changes in circumstances occurring since the granting of such license. (Aug. 16, 1950, ch. 716, 64 Stat. 448.)

§ 2393. Contracting authorization; bids.

The Secretary of Commerce shall, before July 1, 1958, enter into such contracts for the repair, modernization, and conversion of vessels as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act [sections 2391 to 2394 of this Appendix]. Such contracts (1) may provide for the expenditure by the United States of not more than $25,000,000, (2) shall be with private shipbuilding or ship repair yards on the Atlantic, Pacific, and gulf coasts of the United States, (3) shall be entered into in accordance with applicable provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 [chapters 10 and 16 of Title 40, chapter 4 of Title 41 and chapters 21, 25, 27, 29, and 31 of Title 44]. In entering into such contracts the Secretary of Commerce shall not alter the present Maritime Administration policy of inviting single bids or split bids or both for drydock and nondrydock work. (Aug. 20, 1954, ch. 777, § 4, 68 Stat. 754; Aug. 6, 1956, ch. 1012, 70 Stat. 1067.)

2406.

2408. 2409. 2410. 2411.

2412.

2413.

Violations and penalties.

(a) Generally; subsequent offenses.

(b) Export to Communist-dominated nations;

penalties.

(c) Civil penalty for violations. (d) Export licenses.

(e) Discretion to refund civil penalty.

(f) Action for recovery of civil penalty.

(g) Availability of other remedies. Enforcement.

(a) Compliance with requirements; subpena of witnesses and records.

(b) Self-incrimination; exception.

(c) Disclosure of confidential information.
(d) Simplification of reporting requirements.

2407. Exemption from administrative procedure and judi

cial review provisions.
Information to exporters.

Quarterly reports.
Definitions.

Effects on other Acts. Effective date. Termination date.

§ 2401. Congressional findings.

The Congress makes the following findings: (1) The availability of certain materials at home and abroad varies so that the quantity and composition of United States exports and their distribution among importing countries may affect the welfare of the domestic economy and may have an important bearing upon fulfillment of the foreign policy of the United States.

(2) The unrestricted export of materials, information, and technology without regard to whether they make a significant contribution to the military potential of any other nation or nations may adversely affect the national security of the United States.

(3) The unwarranted restriction of exports from the United States has a serious adverse effect on our balance of payments.

(4) The uncertainty of policy toward certain categories of exports has curtailed the efforts of American business in those categories to the detriment of the overall attempt to improve the trade balance of the United States. (Pub. L. 91-184, § 2, Dec. 30, 1969. 83 Stat. 841.)

SHORT TITLE

Section 1 of Pub. L. 91-184 provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 2401 to 2413 of this Appendix] may be cited as the 'Export Administration Act of 1969'."

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2403 to 2413 of this Appendix.

§ 2402. Congressional declaration of policy.

The Congress makes the following declarations:

(1) It is the policy of the United States both (A) to encourage trade with all countries with which we have diplomatic or trading relations, except those countries with which such trade has been determined by the President to be against the national interest, and (B) to restrict the export of goods and technology which would make a significant contribution to the military potential of any other nation or nations which would prove detrimental to the national security of the United States.

(2) It is the policy of the United States to use export controls (A) to the extent necessary to protect