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the commanding officer, and the aid or executive shall have no independent authority in consequence of such detail. SEC. 1470. Staff officers, seniors to the officers so detailed, Rights of staff shall have the right to communicate directly with the commanding officer.

officers.
Idem.

Chiefs of bu

changed to Sup

SEC. 1471. The chiefs of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Provisions and Clothing, Steam Engineering, and Idem. Construction and Repair shall have the relative rank of Title of Bureau commodore while holding said position, and shall have, plies and Acrespectively, the title of Surgeon General, Paymaster-Gen- counts." eral, Engineer-in-Chief, and Chief Constructor.

SEC. 1472. When the office of chief of Bureau is filled by a line officer below the rank of commodore, said officer shall have the relative rank of commodore during the time he holds said office.

See sec. 1481.

Chief of burank of commo

reau, when below

dore.
Idem.

Retired

from

position of chief

Idem.

SEC. 1473. Officers who have been or who shall be retired from the position of chiefs of the Bureau of Medicine and of bureau. Surgery, of Provisions and Clothing, of Steam Engineer- Title of Bureau ing, or of Construction and Repair, by reason of age or of Provisions and Clothing changed length of service, shall have the relative rank of commo- to Supplies and dore.

Accounts.

Idem, s. 5, p.

535.

SEC. 1474. Officers of the Medical Corps on the active Medical Corps. list of the Navy shall have relative rank as follows: Medical directors, the relative rank of captain. Medical inspectors, the relative rank of commander. Surgeons, the relative rank of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant.

Passed assistant surgeons, the relative rank of lieutenant or master.

Assistant surgeons, the relative rank of master or ensign.

Lieutenant of the junior grade Mar. 3, 1883. Lieutenant of junior grade Mar. 3, 1883.

Ibid., s. 6, p. 536.

SEC. 1475. Officers of the Pay Corps on the active list of Pay Corps. the Navy shall have relative rank as follows:

Pay directors, the relative rank of captain.

Pay inspectors, the relative rank of commander.
Paymasters, the relative rank of lieutenant-commander

or lieutenant.

See note 1.

Passed assistant paymasters, the relative rank of lieuten-, Lieutenant of

ant or master.

junior grade Mar. 3, 1883. Lieutenant of

Assistant paymasters, the relative rank of master or en- junior grade Mar. sign.

SEC. 1476. Officers of the Engineer Corps on the active list shall have relative rank as follows:

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Of the chief engineers, ten shall have the relative rank 536; Feb. 24, 1874, of captain, fifteen that of commander, and forty-five that 3, 1883, 22 Stats. of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant.

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Note 1.-Section 1475 does not give to a pay inspector in the Navy the grade of commander. It confers upon him the rank of commander by relation (only) to the rank of a line officer of that grade. The designation "pay inspector" expresses both title and grade in the Pay Corps. The commission of an officer as "pay inspector," "with the relative rank of commander," gives the appropriate title and grade of the officer named therein, and fully satisfies the requirement of section 1480, R. S. (Op., XVI, 414, Jan. 8, 1880, Devens.) [For a definition of the words "title," "grade," and "rank," see this opinion and C. C., XV, 151. The latter defines the rank of staff officers of the Navy as usually operative only in determining the relation of the different officers of the service to each other in matters of precedence, privilege, and the like, and is generally called "relative rank." Grade is a step or degree in either office or rank, and has reference to the divisions of the one or the other, or both, according to the connection in which the word is employed.]

v. 18, p. 17; Mar. L., p. 472.

See sec. 1390,

Passed assistant engineers shall have the relative rank Engineer Corps. of lieutenant or master, and assistant engineers that of lieutenant of the junior grade or ensign.

Naval constructor.

SEC. 1477. Of the naval constructors, two shall have the Mar. 3, 1871, s. relative rank of captain, three of commander, and all 9, v. 16, p. 536. others that of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant. Assistant naval constructors shall have the relative rank of lieutenant or master.

Civil engineers. Mar. 3, 1871, 8. 9, v. 16, p. 536. General Order 263, Feb. 24, 1881.

Chaplains.
Mar. 3, 1871, 8.

SEC. 1478. Civil engineers shall have such relative rank as the President may fix.

The President of the United States has this day, under the provisions of section 1478 of the Revised Statutes, conferred relative rank on Civil Engineers of the Navy, and fixed the same as follows:

One with the relative rank of captain.

Two with the relative rank of commander.

Three with the relative rank of lieutenant-commander.
Four with the relative rank of lieutenant.

in

Civil engineers will take precedence in their corps, and with other officers with whom they hold relative rank, accordance with the law regulating precedence of officers of the Navy.

SEC. 1479. Chaplains shall have relative rank as follows: 9, v. 16, p. 536. Four, the relative rank of captain; seven, that of comSee same sec. mander; and not more than seven, that of lieutenantcommander or lieutenant.

Title "Chaplains."

mathematics.

Professors of SEC. 1480. Professors of mathematics shall have relative May 31, 1872. s. rank as follows: Three, the relative rank of captain; four, 17192 that of commander; and five, that of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant.

Feb. 27, 1877, v. 19, p. 244.

16 A. G. op., p.

414.

Sec sec. 1475.

The grades established in the six preceding sections for the staff corps of the Navy shall be filled by appointment from the highest members in each corps, according to See note 1, p. seniority; and new commissions shall be issued to the

109.

officers so appointed, in which the titles and grades established in said sections shall be inserted; and no existing commission shall be vacated in the said several staff corps, except by the issue of the new commissions required by the provisions of this section; and no officer shall be reduced in rank or lose seniority in his own corps by any change which may be required under the provisions of the said six preceding sections: Provided, That the issuing of a new appointment and commission to any officer of the Pay Corps under the provisions of this section shall not affect or annul any existing bond, but the same shall remain in force, and apply to such new appointment and commission. SEC. 1481. Officers of the Medical, Pay, and Engineer for age or length Corps, chaplains, professors of mathematics, and constructMar. 3, 1871, s. ors, who shall have served faithfully for forty-five years, shall, when retired, have the relative rank of commodore; and officers of these several corps who have been or shall be retired at the age of sixty-two years, before having served for forty-five years, but who shall have served faithfully until retired, shall, on the completion of forty years

When retired

of service.

11, v. 16, p. 537.

from their entry into the service, have the relative rank of commodore.

Retired for causes incident

Ibid.

SEC. 1482. Staff-officers, who have been or shall be retired for causes incident to the service before arriving at sixty- to service. two years of age, shall have the same rank on the retired list as pertained to their position on the active list. SEC. 1483. Graduates of the Naval Academy shall take rank according to their proficiency as shown by their order, May 23, 1872, s. of merit at the date of graduation.

Graduates

of

Naval Academy.

1, v. 17, p. 153.

SEC. 1484. Engineer officers graduated at the Naval Engineers graduated at Academy shall take precedence with all other officers with Naval Academy. whom they have relative rank, according to the actual Mar. 3, 1873, s. length of service in the Navy.

1,17, p. 555.

See sec. 1394, Engineer Corps.

length of service.

10,

Precedence by Mar. 3, 1871, s. v. 16, p. 537.

ice, how esti

Mar. 3, 1871, s.

p. 510; see Op.

SEC. 1485. The officers of the staff corps of the Navy shall, take precedence in their several corps, and in their several grades, and with officers of the line with whom they hold relative rank according to length of service in the Navy. SEC. 1486. In estimating the length of service for such, Length of serv purpose, the several officers of the staff corps shall, respec- mated. tively, take precedence in their several grades and with 10, v. 16. p. 537; those officers of the line of the Navy with whom they hold Mar. 3, 1881, v. 21, relative rank who have been in the naval service six years Feb. 25, 1881; longer than such officers of said staff corps have been in Gen. Order 264. said service; and officers who have been advanced or lost numbers on the Navy Register shall be considered as having gained or lost length of service accordingly: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be so construed as to give to any officer of the staff corps precedence of, or a higher relative rank than that of, another staff officer in the same grade and corps, and whose commission in such grade and corps antedates that of such officer.

Mar. 3, 1871, s.

SEC. 1487. No staff officer shall, in virtue of his relative Quarters. rank or precedence, have any additional right to quarters. 10, v. 16, p. 537. SEC. 1488. The relative rank given by the provisions of mand. Military com this chapter to officers of the Medical, Pay, and Engineer General Or Corps shall confer no authority to exercise military command.

SEC. 1489. In processions on shore, or courts-martial, summary courts, courts of inquiry, boards of survey, and all other boards, line and staff officers shall take precedence according to rank.

SEC. 1490. Ensigns shall be steerage officers, unless assigned to duty as watch and division officers.

ders. Aug. 31,

1846, and May 27,

1847; Aug. 5,
1854, s. 4, v. 10, p.
587; Mar. 3, 1859,
s. 2. v. 11, p. 407.
Processions,

boards, etc.
Mar. 3, 1871, s.

12, v. 16, p. 537.

Ensigns as steerage officers. July 15, 1870, s. 10, v. 16, p. 334. Warrant offi

cers.

1. v. 13, p. 373;

Sec. 1491. The President may, if he shall deem it conducive to the interests of the service, give assimilated rank, July 2, 1864, s. to boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sail-makers, as fol- Mar. 3, 1883. lows: After five years' service, to rank with ensigns, and after ten years' service, to rank with junior lieutenants.

officers serving

SEC. 1492. The officers of the revenue-cutter service when Revenue-cutter serving, in accordance with law, as a part of the Navy, as part of the shall be entitled to relative rank, as follows: Captains, with Navy.

4, v. 12, p. 640;

Feb. 2, 1863, s. and next after lieutenants commanding in the Navy; first Mar. 2, 1799, s. 98, lieutenants, with and next after lieutenants in the Navy; v. 1, p. 699; July second lieutenants, with and next after junior lieutenants in v. 12, pp. 583-585; the Navy; third lieutenants, with and next after ensigns Title Revenue in the Navy.

16, 1862, ss. 1, 11,

Mar. 3, 1883. See

Cutter Service," sec. 1492.

Officers advanced in rank.

SEC. 1506. Any officer of the Navy may, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, be advanced, not exceeding thirty numbers in rank, for eminent and conspicuous Rank not to be conduct in battle or extraordinary heroism; and the rank of officers shall not be changed except in accordance with the Apr. 21, 1864, s. provisions of existing law, and by and with the advice and 24, 1865, s. 1, v. 13, Consent of the Senate.

changed, except, etc.

6, v. 13, p.54; Jan.

p. 424; June 17, 1878, v. 20, p. 143. See sec. 1508, Promotion.

Title 15, chap 5.

SEC. 1521. When cadet midshipmen shall have passed Promotion to successfully the graduating examination at the Academy, midshipmen; they shall receive appointments as midshipmen and shall July 15, 1870, s. take rank according to their proficiency as shown by the 12, v. 16, p. 334. order of their merit at date of graduation.

rank.

See note 2.

Title 15, chap 9. SEC. 1601. The commandant of the Marine Corps shall Rank of com- have the rank and pay of a colonel in the Army, and shall mandant Marine be appointed by selection by the President from the officers of Mar. 2, 1867, s. said corps.

Corps.

7, v. 14, p. 517; June 6, 1874, v. 18, p. 58.

Staff rank, Ma

rine Corps.

SEC. 1602. The adjutant and inspector, the paymaster, Mar. 2, 1847, s. and the quartermaster shall have the rank of major; each 3, v.9, p.154; Feb. assistant quartermaster shall have the rank of captain.

27, 1877, v. 19, p.

244.

Relative rank of SEC. 1603. The officers of the Marine Corps shall be, in Marine Corps relation to rank, on the same footing as officers of similar June 30, 1834, s. grades in the Army.

with the Army.

4, v. 4, p. 713. See secs. 1601-1603, Title "Marine Corps."

June 8, 1880.

eral.

That the President of the United States be, and he is Rank of Judge. hereby, authorized to appoint, for the term of four years, Advocate Gen- by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from the Mar. 8, 1880, v. officers of the Navy or the Marine Corps, a Judge-AdvocateGeneral of the Navy, with the rank pay, and allowances of a captain in the Navy or a colonel in the Marine Corps, as the case may be. *

21, p. 164. Amended.

June 5, 1896.

29 Stat. L., 251. 2, p. 473.

Supp. R.S., vol.
Navy.

*

That the Act "to authorize the President to appoint an officer of the Navy or the Marine Corps to perform the duties of solicitor and judge-advocate-general, and so forth, and to fix the rank and pay of such officer," approved June Judge advo eighth, eighteen hundred and eighty, is hereby amended by inserting in said Act in lieu of the words "with the rank, 129 (1 Supp. R. S., pay, and allowances of a captain in the Navy, or a colonel in the Marine Corps, as the case may be," the words "with the rank and highest pay of a captain the Navy, or the rank,

cate-general's

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Note 2.-Section 1521 is changed by the acts of August 5, 1882, and March 3, 1883. Cadet midshipmen are now styled naval cadets until they complete the six years course, and, under certain contingencies, are mustered out or appointed to other places. There are no midshipmen or cadet midshipmen. (See "Naval Academy.")

pay, and allowances of a colonel in the Marine Corps, as the case may be:"

1892.

the

Provided, That this amendment shall take effect from to date from July nineteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, the date Became a law on which the present incumbent entered on duty, and that without the amount herein appropriated shall be payable from the proval, June 5, appropriation "Pay of the Navy."

Sec.

1143. Detachments with the Army.
1577. Rations to naval cadet.
1578. Rations of other officers.
1579. When rations not allowed.
1580. Navy ration, constituents of.
1581. Substitutions in.
1582. Short allowance.

1583. Rations stopped for the sick.
1584. Additional ration.

RATIONS.

Sec.

1585. Commutation price of ration.
1595. None to retired officers.

1615. To enlisted marines.

3721. Purchases of butter and cheese.
3726. Preserved meats.

3727. Flour and bread.

4812. Allowance to Navy hospitals.
Act May 3, 1880. Desiccated tomatoes.

President's ap

1896.

ing with the

SEC. 1143. The officers of the subsistence department Title 14, chap. 1. shall, upon the requisition of the naval or marine officer Naval detachcommanding any detachment of seamen or marines under ments cooperat orders to act on shore, in co-operation with the land troops, Army. and during the time such detachment is so acting or pro 1, v.3, p. 151. ceeding to act, furnish rations to the officers, seamen, and marines of the same.

SEC. 1577. Midshipmen and naval cadets in the Navy shall be entitled to one ration, or to commutation therefor.

That all enlisted men and boys in the Navy, attached to any United States vessel or station and doing duty thereon, and naval cadets, shall be allowed a ration, or commutation thereof in money, under such limitations and regulations as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe.

SEC. 1578. All officers shall be entitled to one ration, or to commutation therefor, while at sea or attached to a seagoing vessel.

Dec. 15, 1814, s.

Title 15, chap. 8.
Rations to na-

val cadets.

July 28, 1866, s. 8, v. 14, p. 322; Feb. 28, 1867, s. 2, v. 14, p. 416; Aug. 5. 1882, 22 Stat. L., p. 285.

Jan. 30, 1885. 23 Stat. L., 287. and boys in Navy and naval cadets

Enlisted men

to have rationsor commutation.

R. S., secs. 1577, ⚫ 1585. Mar. 1, 1889, ch. 331, p. 669.

Rations of other officers.

July 16, 1862, s. 19, v. 12, p. 587; Mar. 3, 1851, s. 1, v. 9, p. 631; Op., X. 52, July 10, 1861. See "Pay, Rations, and Mileage,' Ma rine Corps. When rations not allowed.

1. v. 9, p. 621;

SEC. 1579. No person not actually attached to and doing duty on board a sea-going vessel, except the petty officers,, Mar. 3, 1851, s. seamen, and ordinary seamen attached to receiving ships or Feb. 28, 1867, 8. 2, to the ordinary of a navy-yard, and ensigns of the junior y 14, p. 416; July grade and naval cadets, shall be allowed a ration.

V.

28, 1866, s. 8, v. 14, p. 322; Aug. 5, 1882; Mar. 3, 1883.

Navy ration,

constituents of.

SEC. 1580. The Navy ration shall consist of the following daily allowance of provisions to each person: One pound, July 18, 1861, s. of salt pork, with half a pint of beans or pease; or one 14, 1862, 24 pound of salt beef, with half a pound of flour and two v. 12, p. 505.

July s. 4

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