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THE MEANING and DERIVATION of the Names or Terms, with Examples.

1. METAPHOR, Meragoed, a Transferring,

from transfero. EXAMPLES. Thus Refemblances inftead of proper Words may be transfer'd from any Object in Nature; as, The Lord is my Rock, that is, Support; Pfalm xviii. 2. Cæptis afpirate, i. e. favete; Ovid. Met. 1. Tell that Fox, i. e. Herod; Luke xiii. 32. Homerus Poëtarum Sol. Invidia Flamma. Duo Fulmina Belli; Virg. Mens ferrea. Aurea Etas. Gemmant vites. Flos Nobilitatis. Lata Seges; Virg. Homo Homini Lupus. Expolire Orationem. Diffuere Amicitiam. Londinium Caput Anglia. Eftus Irarum; Virg. Splendor Verborum. Ingenii Flumen, &c.- N. 1. No Trope is more frequent or florid than the Metaphor; for it is a fhort and fprightly Refemblance or Similitude in one Word, and may, as has been hinted, be transfer'd or taken from any Object of Sense whatever; but that of Sight is reckon'd moft lively. Hence Odoror, Teneo, Gufto, & Audio, are often met with for Intelligo; tho' Video, Cerno, or Perfpicio much oftener. See 1 Kings x. 4. Hagg. i. 9. 1 Chron. xvi. 32. N. 2. It is by this Trope that Christ in Scripture is call'd a Vine, Door, Rock, Lamb, Lion, &c. And Man, a Shadow, Flower, Grafs, Wolf, Bear, Dog, &c.

ANNOTATIONS.

II. ALLE

tiam Authore, fieri adbuc & OBS. X. TE HE AUexcogitari poffunt. Altera, quòd tum Verborum, quàm Sententiarum Figuræ non in Formas, quarum certus, fed in Partes & quafi Membra, quarum infinitier eft Numerus, Diftribuuntur. Cyp. Soarius Rhet. lib. 3. c. 30.

THOR'S DISTRIBUTION of Tropes, Figures, and Turns, has been already fpoken to. The FIGURA METRICA following, which he has rank'd in the fame Method with his

QWD,

II. ALLEGORY, 'Anyogía, a Speaking dif ferently from Meaning, from amo, aliud, & ayosdw, palàm dice. EXAMPLES. Thus when in conveying our Meaning under difguis'd Terms, we liken Things to Things by continued Metaphors, ftill speaking one Thing and meaning another; as, Sine Cerere & Libero friget Venus, i. e. fine Pane & Vino friget Amor; Ter. Claudite jam Rivos, Pueri, fat Prata biberunt, Leave off your Songs, my Boys, they have heard enough; Virg. Et jam tempus Equum fpumantia folvere colla; Virg. Geor. 4. Forum aleatorium calefecimus; Aug. apud Sueton. for Studiosè multumque lufimus Alea. O Navis, referent in Mare te novi Fluctus, &c. See Hor.

ANNOTATIONS.

own, were compos'd by Mr. N. BURTON for the Ufe of Durham School, and are the briefeft, fmootheft, moft correct, and moft expreffive of any extant. Thefe, as the Author could not mend 'em, he here proposes to his own Scholars, as

4

lib.

containing, like the Iliad in a Nutshell, a noble Fund of Tropofchematological Knowledge; promifing to each Six-pence, whoever he is, that will learn 'em by Heart, and repeat 'em to him with Understanding.

FIGURE RHETORICA & GRAMMATICE.
THE CHIEF TROPES.

DAT propriâ fimilem pro voce METAPHORA Vocem.
Continuare Tropos folet ALLEGORIA plures.
Cognato mutat METONYMIA Nomine Nomen:
Effecti Efficiens vice fungitur, hujus & illud;
Inventor notat Inventum, tat Autor Opufque ;
Materies Rem Signat, & Inftrumenta Laborem ;
Finis pro Medio, Medium pro Fine locatur;
Ponitur Adjun&um pro Subjecto, & vice versâ;
Sunt Signatorum vice Signa, Locata Locorum ;
Et Locus Indigenas, & quæ funt gefta notabit.
Confundit Totum Partemque SY NECDOCHE duplex.
IRONIA Jocis contraria fignat acutis.

Augens vel minuens tranfcendit HYPERBOLE Verum.
Vocibus impropriis gaudet CATACHRESIS abuti.

OTHER

ib. 1. Od. 14. See alfo Ecclef. xii. 5, 6. Pfalm cx. 1. Matth. xv. 11. Jer. xxiii. 5, 6. Job xxix. 6. Prov. xxiii. 27. N. To the Allegory may be refer'd all Apologues, fuch as Efop's Fables and all others, the Parables of Scripture and all others, the Canticles or Song of Solomon; alfo all Æ NIGMA's (from avíaoua, obfcurè fignifico) or Riddles; as, Dic quibus in Terris, & eris mibi magnus Apollo, Tres pateat Cæli Spatium non amplius Ulnas. Anfw. At the Bottom of a Well. Dic quibus in Terris infcripti Nomina Regum Nafcantur Flores. Anfw. Pecunia nafcatur ubique; Virg. Ecl. 3. Filiolas Cadmi profert Nilotis Arundo; Quas ferit è Cnidio diftillans Sepia Nodo: that is, Paper brings forth Letters, which Ink dropping from a Pen begets. See Gen. xl. and xli. Dan. iv. 10, 11. &c. Judg. xiv. 14. Ifa. xi. 1, 2.&c. PARŒEMIA, Taggia, a Proverb; as, Ethiopem aut Laterem lavare, means, To labour in vain. Lupum auribus teneo; Ter. &c. may be alfo refer'd to the Allegory. See Ezek. xvi. 44. Prov. xiv. 4. Jer. xxxi. 29. &c. III. METO

ANNOTATIONS:

OTHER TROPES in the Order they're mention'd.
NIGMA obfcuris involvit Senfa Loquelis.

Præmonet experto bene nota PAROEMIA Dicto.
Dat plures in Voce Tropos METALEPSIS eâdem.
Perfonis aliud facit ANTONOMASIA Nomen.
Hoftibus infultat Dictis SARCASMUS amaris.
Hoftili mordens DIÁSYRMUS Scommate lædit.
Dat CHARIENTISMUS minitanti mollia Verba,
Urbano meritos Sale defricat ASTEISMUS.
Te MYCTERISMUS Nafo fufpendit adunco.
MIMESIS ridens imitatur Verba loquentis.
Verum magnificans AUXESIS tollit & auget.
Vera TAPEINOSIS tenuat minuitque premendo
A Sonitu Voces ONOMATOPOEIA fingit.
Oppofitas Rebus Voces ANTIPHRASIS aptat.
Fortius affirmat LITOTES adverfa negando.
Alternis Cafu fubmutat HYPALLAGE Cafum.
Turpem EUPHEMISMUS Rem Nomine velat honesto.
Membra Pathofque Deo transfert ANTHROPOPATHIA.

F

THE

III. METONYMY, Milavuuía, a-Putting of Name for Name, from μerà, trans, & čroua, nomen. EXAMPLES. Thus, by means of their mutual Relation, 1. The Name of the Cause is put for the Effect; as, The Efficient Cause, Mars, i. e. War, rages. Read Horace, i. e. his Writings; Philologus. Quo ambulas tu qui Vulcanum in Cornu conclufum geris; Plaut. See Luke xvi. 29. Valet Linguâ, i. e. Sermone. Vide Manum ejus, i. e. Scripturam. The Material Caufe; as, Pinus for Navis; Ovid. Meditaris Avenâ, i. e. Fistulâ; Virg. Es, Argentum, Aurum, for Nummus æreus, &c. Ferrum pro Gladio. The Means for the End, Que Sidere terram vertere; Virg. Geor. 1. 2. The Effect is put for the Cause, as, Pallida Mors, quia pallidos reddit; Hor. Ira cæca. Adolefcentia bilaris. Segne Otium. Serta mibi Phyllis legeres, pro Floribus; Virg. Quas meruit pænas jam dedit illud Opus,

ANNOTATIONS.

THE CHIEF FIGURES.

CPHONESIS amat Motus Clamore ciere.
ORIA.

Verba EPANORTHOSIS revocans addenfque reformat.
APOSIOPESIS reticet, Remque innuit omnem.
Rem negat APOPHASIS, quam tranfgreditur PARALEIPSIS.
Sermonem hinc illic convertit APOSTROPHE currens.
Tranfpofitas à fe disjungit ANASTROPHE Voces.
Urget EROTESIS, poterat quæ dicere quærens.
PROLEPSIS nondum quæ funt objecta refutat.
Agnofcit SYNCHORESIS quæ Crimina non funt.
Hinc amat ornatè tranfire METABASIS illic.
PERIPHRASIS Verbis Rem pluribus explicat unam.
Verba CLIMAX repetit Gradibus quoque pergit eundo.
DIALYTON Nexus aufert, POLYSYNDETON infert.
OXYMORON erit quafi Contradictio vera.

Librat in Antithefis contraria ENANTIOSIS.
Comparat affimulans Rem Re PARABOLA duplex:
Proponit PROTASIS, refpondet APODOSIS illi.
Ipfam Luminibus Rem fubjicit HYPOTY POSIS.
Largitur Linguam PROSOPOPOEIA mutis.
Narratum claudit, vel EPIPHONEMA probatum..
OTHER

Opus, i. e. Ovidius Effector Operis. Ego te, Scelus, ulcifcar, i. e. Scelefte; Ter. The End for the Means, Quis aris imponat Honorem; Virg. 3. The Subject is put for the Adjunct. (N. The Meaning of Adjunct is fome Circumftance or Appendage belonging to or depending on the Subject or chief Thing as it's Seat); as, He has a good Heart, i. e. Courage. Continens pro Contento, as Drink this Cup, i. e. this Wine; 1 Cor. xi. 26. Locus pro Incolis, as, Invadunt Urbem vino fomnoque fepultam, i. e. Incolas; Virg. Bibet Germania Tigrim; Virg. Locus pro Locatis, as, The Church, i. e. Religion, forbids it. Poffeffor pro Poffeffo, as Jam proximus ardet Ucalegon, i. e. Ucalegonis Domus; Virg. Æn. 2. Dux pro Exercitu, as, Annibal victus fuit, i. e. Annibalis Exercitus. Patronus pro Cliente, as, Nego me reftitutum effe, i. e. Clientem meum; Cic. Ante focum fi Frigus erit, fi Meffis in umbrâ, i. e. Hyems & Eftas; Virg. Signatum pro Signo, as, Orpheaque in medio pofuit, i. e. Signum Orphei; Virg. Ecl. 3. 4. The Adjunct is put for the Subject; as, Virtutem incolumem odimus, i. e. Viros Virtute præditos; Hor.

M

ANNOTATIONS.

Contentum

OTHER FIGURES in the Order they're mention'd.
Iratur THAUMASMUS, & optat mobilis EUCHE.
Devovet ARA, Preces effundit blanda DEESIS.
Effictum inftituit Sermonem DIALOGISMUS.
Quid SYMBOULE USIS, faciendum eft, confulit Hoftem.
Hoftili jugulat pugnans ANTISTROPHE Telo.
Hofti Argumentum concedit EPITROPE vanum.
Quæ lædunt Hoftem quoque PAROMOLOGIA ponit.
Digrediens jucunda Scopo PARECBASIS errat.
Vult ANACHORESIS, repetens modo Di&ta, reverti.
Principio revocat Sermones E PANACLESIS.
Quæ dici poterant, ea rejicit A PODIOXIS.
ANABASIS fummum fcandens afcendit ab imo.
CATABASIS fummo remeans defcendit ad imum.
SY NOE CEIOSIS contraria cogit eodem.
ANTITHETON fibimet Senfu contraria jungit.
Illuftrans fecum contraria SYMBOLE confert.
Explicat imparibus cóllata DIAPHORA Rebus.

Fa

FIGURES