ABOLITIONISTS, welcome disunion, 231.
Acts of Navigation and of Trade, 49,

50.

Adams, John, 45 n., 50 n., 63 n., 77 n.
Adams, John Quincy, on admission of Ar-
kansas, 218, 219; concerning Spain's
offer, 221.

Adams, Samuel, opposed to Washington
administration, 151.

Address to people of Great Britain, 69.
Administration, American sense of, 29,
30; royal, 52; colonial, 131-133.
Alabama, 2, 217, 223.
Albany Conference, 46 n.
Alien and Sedition laws, 192, 194.
Allegiance, 52, 53, 66.

Amnesty Proclamation, 272, 273, 281,
303, 333, 345, 346, 353, 386 n.
Anglican element, predominance of, 40-

42.

Anglican Revolution, 23.
Anti-Federalists (see Democratic Party),
a misnomer, 146; reason for existence
of, 146.

Aristotle, on constitution and govern-
ment, 28, 31, 32; his notion of a state,
32 n.

Arkansas, 218-220, 228, 302, 303, 306,
307, 309, 316; reconstruction of, 324,
325; 347.

Arnold, Benedict, 94 n.
Articles of Association, 69.
Articles of Confederation, 12, 36, 64, 77
n.; expressive of segregation and of
union, 80, 81; testify to sentiment of
union, 82, 108; first article of, 83, 84;
league of friendship, 84, 101, 107;
when first submitted, 86, 87; expla-
nation of weakness of, 88-91, 98, 101,
105; reasons for, 91, 137; a grudging
compact, 92; they constitutionalized
Congress, 93; limitations upon Con-
gress, 93 n.; no jurisdiction over in-
ternal affairs of the states, 94; war
half over before adoption of, 95, 137;
Congress was inchoate under, 100,
139; "the great and radical vice,"
101; Hamilton's, Madison's, Edmund
Randolph's expositions of defects, 102,
103 n. powers not delegated were
retained, 84, 110; federal principle
predominant, 117, 118; effect of slaves
upon quotas of contribution, 120; not
evidence of existence of parties, 137;
ratification of, 189.

Ashley, James M., 307, 308, 316.
Assembly, the General (see Legislatures).
Assimilation of races, 41, 42.
Attachment to the soil, southern, 14;
colonial, 58.

Autonomy, 47, 48, 52-54.

Baltimore, 42 n.

Bank of the United States, 173.
Banks, Nathaniel P., 302, 303, 334, 352-
354.

Benton, Thomas H., 204.

Bigelow, John, 45 n., 46 n., 60 n.
Bill, Exclusion, 24.

Bill of Rights, 24, 67, 68.

Black, Jeremiah S., opinion respecting
coercion, 230.
Bluntschli, 62 n.

Board of Lords of Trade and Planta-
tions, 49.

Body-politic (see Corporation).
Bonaparte, Napoleon, author of clause
in Louisiana treaty, 218.
Border States, 246-249, 346; Lincoln's
appeal to, 266, 268.
Boston, 42.

Boutwell, George S., 287.

Breckinridge, John C., 251, 252.
Brown, B. Gratz, 290.

Brownlow, W. G., governor of Tennes-
see, 323.

Brown v. The United States, 263.
Buchanan, James, line of conduct,
230.

Cabinet, 29.

Calhoun, John C., 204, 212.
Canada (see New France).
Carlile, James S., on the guarantee
clause, 293-296.
Charleston, 56.

Charters, 47 n., 139, 155 n., 163 n.
Chase, Samuel, 77 n.
Chatham, Lord, 24, 58.
Chisholm v. Georgia, 8 n., 39 n., 52 n.,
54 n., 101 n., 107 n., 109 n., 163 n.
Church and state, a motive of revolt,

150.

Church of England, 61.
City-State, Aristotle's notions confined
to, 32 n.
Climate, 12.

Clinton, George, 77 n., 161.
Coercion, Peace Convention against,
229; not among constitutional pow-

ers, 229 n.; Madison on, 229 n.;
Black on, 230; Buchanan's course re-
specting, 230; Lincoln confronted
with, 230; obstacles to, 234-236.
Collamer, Jacob, 261, 378.
Colonies and colonists, 12, 13, 15;
characteristics of, 40-42; causes of
segregation, 43, 44; separateness of,
43-80; made no effort towards union,
45; nothing political between, 45-47,
52, 53, 55; were dominions, 47-52;
autonomy of, 47, 48; political frame
of, 48; claim of British Parliament
over, 50, 51; skill in art of govern-
ing, 58, 59, 129, 132; inefficacy of
colonial system, 59, 60; individuality
of, 61, 62; Bluntschli's points of
colonial similarity, 62 n.; creatures
of growth, 63; local self-government,
64; reluctance to part with powers,
64-66, 83, 90, 92; vitality of the local
governments, 95, 96, 100; colonial
epoch, the generative epoch, 128, 137;
fondness for political studies, 129;
influence of Locke and Montesquieu,
study of the law, 130; political dis-
quisitions, 131; no general parties,
133; an age of constitutional devel-
opment, 134.

Committee of Public Safety, 74.
Compact, 72, 103; refers to the Consti-
tution, 197, 198, 204; change of north-
ern view respecting, 215.
Compromise (see Crittenden; Missouri),
20, 121, 122, 226, 227.

Confederation (see Articles of Confeder-

ation; New England Confederation),
9, 83, 94, 95.

Congress, the United States', 9, 91, 92,
99, 107, 139; parties define themselves
in, 172; 173 n., 263, 264.
Congress of the Colonies, 47.
Congresses of 1774 and 1775, 64, 66-76,
91, 94, 95, 103, 121.
Connecticut, 33, 47 n.; retained charter
for state constitution, 48 n., 139; 123,
169; resigns claim to territory, 189;
retains Western Reserve, 190 n.
Constitution, the British, 23-25, 32.
Constitution of the United States, 28;
provides for equality of states, 9, 11;
a compromise, 20; vital forces stored
in, 34; "the First Constitution," 81-
103; when submitted to the states,
88 n.; not contemplated in call for
convention, 90, 104-124; leading de-
fects of, and objections to, 155 n.;
construction of, 173-175; modes of
constitutional redress, 199; terminol-
ogy of ratifications of, 207; provision
for resumption of powers in ratifica-
tions of, 209.

Constitutional Convention, ignored pur-
pose for which it was called, 90; com-
pleted the Revolution, 116, 117, 211,
212.

Constitutionality of laws, courts to de-
termine, 35.

Constitutions, Aristotle upon, 28-32;
written and unwritten, 30; contain
form of governnent, 30; whence un-
written constitutions can be deduced,
30, 31; manifest spirit of the state,
31; ethical qualities of, 31 n.; ap-
pearance of written constitution in
Connecticut, 33, 34; expressive of a
people's political nature, 126; consti-
tutional character best expressed at
inception, 116, 117, 126, 127.
Constitutions of the several states, adop-
tion of, 77 n.; charters retained for
constitution, 48 n., 139; no vital
changes resulted from Revolution,
96.

Corporation, or body-politic, 47, 48, 54.
Courts, the, 35.
Cowan, Edgar, 315.
Credentials of colonial delegates, 67, 72,
106, 401-406.
Crittenden, John J., compromise, 227;
resolution, 245-253.
Cromwell, Oliver, 24.
Cushing, Justice, 109 n.

Dane, Nathan, 191.
Davis, Garrett, 371.

Davis, Henry Winter, 244; reports Re-
construction Bill, 275; speech on the
bill, 278-282; manifesto, 299-305;
307; his last address, 309-314; death
of, 315; political character of, 315;
364, 365, 379, 381, 412-425.
Davis, Jefferson, takes leave of the
Senate, 2-4; criticises President Lin-
coln, 223 n., 242; keeps within his
constitution, 240.

Dawes, Henry L., 308, 311, 312, 315.
Declaration of colonial rights, 68.
Declaration of Independence, 74, 76-
79.

Declaration of Rights, 39 n.; (Virginia)

111.

Delaware, 77 n., 190; ratification of
Constitution, 207; 281.
Democracy (see Representative Demo-
cracy), 37, 113, 150.
Democratic-Republican Party, 145-170;
constituents of, 146-149; two funda-
mental principles, 149; dread of stand-
ing army, "artificial classes," church
and state, 150; Madison becomes con-
gressional leader, 151; faith in the
Constitution, 154; founded prior to
return home of Jefferson, 160, 161 n.
Democratic Party, adopted Virginia
Resolutions as creed, 205; 215.
Dickinson, John, 69 n.
Dixon, James, 256.
Dominion, 47, 48, 51-53.
Doolittle, James R., 249, 253, 371, 376-
378, 381, 383-387, 393.
Durant, Thomas J., 331.

Education, 15, 16.

Eliot, Thomas D., 307, 308, 311, 312,
315.

Habeas Corpus Act, 24.
Hahn, Michael, 337-339, 380.
Hale, John P., 251, 259-262; 315, 342.
Hamilton, Alexander, 74 n., 77 n., 100,
101, 111 n.; his supporters, 140-144;
his constructive measures, 152, 153;
distrust of the people, 153, 184; Secre-
tary of the Treasury, 157 ; writes much
of the Federalist, and advocates adop-
tion of the Constitution, 161, 162;
notions of government, 163, 165;
views of the Constitution, 171, 172; his
financial measures, 172, 173; his strong
personality, 180; how Jeffersonians
viewed his financial policy, 181-183;
Hamiltonian policy, 184-188; effects
of his financial policy, 210.

Harris, Isham G., 318.
Harrison, Benjamin, 77 n.

Hellenic notion of a state, 31 n., 32 n.
Henderson, John B., 354-359,364,366,
369, 371.

Hendricks, Thomas A., 371, 372.
Hickman, John, 268.

Holman, W. S., 253.

Homogeneity, 40-43.
Hooper, William, 77 n.
Hopkinson, Francis, 77 n.

House of Representatives, permanent
committees, 180 n.

Howard, Jacob M., 264, 365, 366.
Humphries, Daniel, 101 n.
Hunter, General, 266.
Hurlbut, General, 339, 340.
Hutchinson, Thomas, 59 n.

Illinois, 7.
Indiana, 7.
Invention, 16.

Iredell, Justice, 8 n., 109 n.,
163 n.

Jackson, Andrew, 221.

429

Jay, John, 39 n., 41 n., 69 n., 107 n.
Jefferson, Thomas, 16, 77 n., 105, 106 n. ;
becomes Secretary of State, 157; sym-
pathy with French revolution, 159 ;
favorable disposition towards the Con
stitution, 160; notions of government,
163-165; reported plan for govern-
ment of western territory, 190; au-
thor of Kentucky resolutions, 1798,
193, 196, 198; letter to Madison, 203;
221.

Johnson, Andrew, offers Crittenden
resolution in the Senate, 246, 249; ap-
pointed military governor of Tennes-
see, 318; purposes of his appoint-
ment, 319; views of relations of citi-
zens to federal government, 320 n.;
regarded southern states to be in the
Union, 321; 382, 387; Sumner's opin-
ion of, 387.

Johnson, Reverdy, 366-371,378.
Jowett, 32.

Kelley, William D., 308.
Kentucky, 248, 281.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions,
192-205; interposition a duty, 214 ;
229, 406-411.

King, Rufus, presents prohibition of
slavery in Northwest Territory, 191;
his statement regarding admission of
Missouri, 216, 218, 222.

Labor, 16, 17.

Laissez-faire, 58, 63.

League of friendship, 83, 84, 86, 90,
107.

Le Blond, Frank C., 309.
Lee, Richard Henry, 111 n.
Legislation, 29, 31.

Legislatures, colonial and state, 35, 37,
64-66, 72, 94, 128, 131, 139, 157.
Letcher, John, 237.
Lexington, affair of, 73.

Lincoln, Abraham, 228; political ante-
cedents and speeches, 232, 233; his
Inaugural Address, 236, 243, 265, 397;
answer to Virginia Commissioners,
230, 237; position same as Buchan-
an's, 236 n.; takes measures for coer-
cion, 237-239; unconstitutionality of
his acts, 239, 240; the condonation
acts, 240, 346; Message, July, 1861,
240,241,243; exculpation of uncon-
stitutional proceedings on ground of
necessity and popular demand, 242;

foreshadows reconstruction, 242, 243;
status of a seceded state, 243; recom-
mends compensated emancipation,
Hunter's order, appeal to Border
States, 266; Emancipation Proclama-
tion, 267; Message, December, 1863,
272; Amnesty Proclamation, 272, 273,
281; contest with Congress, 274; dis-
trusted by Congress, 283, 284; pock-
ets the Reconstruction Bill, 296, 297;
his proclamation, 298, 299; 301, 302;
304, 411, 412; reëlection, 306; 309-
311; early views of reconstruction,
320, 325; dealings with Arkansas,
takes reconstruction of Louisiana into
his own hands, 333; confers military
powers on Hahn, 338; message on
joint Resolution, February 4, 1865,
387-389.

Local self-government, 80, 82, 95; Jef-
ferson, exponent of, 165.
Localism, 36, 80, 94, 95, 112.
London, 55, 56.

Long Parliament, 24, 91.

217, 219, 220; the Missouri Compro-
mise, 223-226; 229, 248.
Monroe, James, concerning declination
of Spain's offer, 221, 225.
Montesquieu, 58 n.
Montfort, Simon de, 25.
Morrill, Lot M., 263, 264.

Nationalism, 36, 105, 118, 138; federal-
ism shares with, 172; 196; becomes
aggressive, 205.

New England, 7, 15, 16, 34, 38, 41, 43,
45, 140, 214.
New England Confederation, 36, 45 n.,
77 n., 91.

New France, 37, 38, 40, 41.
New Hampshire, 77 n., styles the Con-
stitution a compact, 197.

New Jersey, 34, 41, 77, 140, 169, 190,
281.

Newman, 31 n., 33 n.

New Orleans (see Louisiana).
New York, 7, 38 n., 42, 45, 73, 77 n.,
189, 209.

North, Lord, 98.

140,

North Carolina, 17, 44, 77 n., 123; vote
on prohibition of slavery, 190; 228;
attempted reconstruction of, 323,
324.

Nullification, 3, 201, 202.

Ohio, 6, 7, 192.

Madison, James, 95 n., 103 n., 105, 106 n.,
111 n., 116 n.; leader of new party, 149,
151, 176; influence over Jefferson, 160;
author of Virginia Resolutions, 193;
comments on Jefferson, 202, 203; on
the word "states," 206; on the guar-
antee clause, 293, 355.
Maine, admission of, 222-224.
Maine, Sir Henry S., 58 n.
Manifesto, the Wade - Davis, 299-305;
412-425.

Marshall, John, 75 n., 98 n.
Mary, William and, 25.

Maryland, 48 n., 77 n., 140, 169; rea-
sons for ratifying Confederation, 189;
voted against prohibition of slavery,
190; 229, 248, 281.
Mason, George, 121.

Massachusetts, 33, 44, 46 n., 47 n., 50,

77 n., 140; ceded territory, 190 n. ;
styles the Constitution a compact, 197,
223.

May, 51 n.

Middleton, Arthur, 77 n.
Migration, 13, 33.
Mississippi, 2, 40.

Missouri, 6; applies for state govern-
ment, 216; had been slave territory,

Ordinance of 1787, 189-192, 220, 224.
Otis, James, 64.

Paine, Robert Treat, 77 n.

Parkman, Francis, 60 n.
Parliament, British, fixedly organized,
24; assertion of authority over colo-
nies, 50, 51 n., 64, 65, 68.
Parliaments (see Legislatures), 66.
Parties, 87; formation of, 125-128; source
of, 125; history of, 127; agents of op-
posing ideas, 128; no general parties
during colonial period, 133, 134; Whigs
and Tories, 133; generated during rev-
olutionary period, 134; two schools,
137, 138, 149, 167-170; formed in state
legislatures, 139-157; became general
under federal government, 157, 158;
lines defined in Congress, 172; Ham-
iltonians and Jeffersonians, 175; doc-
trines of, 175-179; strict-construction-
ists, 179; affected by character of
leaders, 181; state-rights, antitype of
nationalism, 205.

Peabody, Charles A., 325, 326, 328-331,
376.

Peace Convention, resolved against co-
ercion, 229.

Pendleton, Edmund, on compact, 198.
Pendleton, George H., on Reconstruc-
tion Bill, 284-288.
Penhallow's Case, 365 n.
Pennsylvania, 41, 75 n., 76, 77 n.,
140, 169.
People, constitutional character, 30, 31;

122 n.,

thirteen distinct peoples, 53, 55, 78, 79,
133, 207; character relates to latest
revolution, 127; source of power, 127;
the word "peoples," 206, 207.
Petition to the king, 69.

Phelps, John S., military governor of
Arkansas, 324.

Philadelphia, 13, 42, 55, 56.

431

231; 304.

Plato, 31 n.

πολιτεία, 28, 32.

Pomeroy, Samuel C., 371.
Poor whites, the, 17, 18.

Powell, Lazarus W., 350-354, 360, 368,
369, 378, 381, 383-385, 386 n.
Power, balance of, 8, 19, 20; descent
of, from the throne to the commons,
24-26; gravitation of northward, 18-

20.

Powers, implied or latent, 84, 172-175,
177.

President, The, 10, 11, 28, 29.

Pride's Purge, 25.

Privy Council, 97.

Products, 12.

Protest, Wade-Davis (see Manifesto).
Providence, 42 n.

121.

Randolph, Edmund, 101 n., 103 n.,
Reconstruction, Plans of, the Presiden-
tial, 272, 273, 281; the congressional,
277, 278, 290.

Reiter, The United States v., 328-330.
Religion, 15.

Representation, 9, 10, 37, 118-121.
Representative Democracy, 26, 33-36,
112-114, 118, 128.

Representatives, House of, 4, 9-11, 118.
Republican form of government, guar-
antee of, 113, 122-124; bill to guaran-
tee (the Reconstruction Bill), 275-279;
Madison upon, 293; Carlile upon, 293-
296.

Republican Party, certain elements of,

231.

Revolution in America, 26, 27, 37-39;
period of, 64; 95, 96 n., 117; genera-
tion of parties in, 134, 135.
Revolution in Great Britain, 24-26, 38,
39, 89, 110, 149.

Rhode Island, 33, 34, 47 n.; retained
charter as state constitution, 48 n.,
139; 123, 169.
Rodney, Cæsar, 77 n.

Ruler, the, elimination of, 89, 90, 168.
Rush, Benjamin, 77 n.
Rutledge, Edward, 77 n.

Saulsbury, Willard, 261, 371.

Schools, Old and New, 85-89, 167-190.
Secession, 3, 8; a constant menace,
213; regarded as a natural remedy,
214.

Sectionalism, 12-21; 208-214, 231, 232.
Segregation of colonies, 43, 44.
Senate, The United States', 1, 7-12, 118;
permanent committees, 180 n.

Smith, Melancthon, 161.
Social forms, 12 et seq.

South Carolina, 1, 7, 44, 77 n., 120;
cedes territory, 190 n.; voted against
prohibition of slavery, 190, 228.
Sovereignty, 27, 35, 39 n., 67, 70–72, 75–
79, 82.

66

Sovereignty, state, 3, 27, 39 n., 79; re-
siduary sovereignty," 155.
Sovereignty of the United States, 8,
39 n., 82, 105, 108, 109 n.
St. Lawrence, the river, 40.
Stamp Act, 45 n., 46, 52, 57, 64.
Stanley, Edward, 323.
State and church, 34, 150.
State, the, 3, 27.

States, the, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 19, 27, 35, 76,
82-84, 98, 112, 113 n.; application of
the term, 205, 206; in reference to
64 peoples," 206, 207; effect of seces-
sion upon status, 254, 256, 258, 285-
288, 290, 291; what is a state? 365,
374-387.

Statutes (see Legislation).

Stevens, Thaddeus, ignores the Consti-
tution, 254, 256, 263, 265, 270; on
status of seceded states, 258; assails
the President, 268, 269, 274; the rad-
ical ultimatum, 271; his vaunt, 258,
272, 276; 275; view of representation
requisite for an amendment, 280, 281;
alliance with conservatives, 314, 315;
votes to table Reconstruction Bill,
314 n.; 330, 343, 368 n., 386, 397.
Story, Justice, 48 n., 116 n.
Sturgess v. Crowninshield, 75 n.
Suffrage, ratio of, 119-121.
Sumner, Charles, 254, 265, 349, 350,
355, 356, 361, 363, 364, 366, 369-373,
387.