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LASS BOOK OF ZOOLOGY.-D. APPLETON & Co. have

MARK H. NEWMAN & Cpson's Table Book: Thompson's just published a Class Book of Zoology, desiyledge the

BOOKS.-Thompson's

Mental Arithmetic; Thompson's Practical Arithmetic; Thompson's High Arithmetic.

These arithmetics have been published less than four years. and yet such is their merit in the estimation of practical teachers, that they have been adopted, and are now in use in the public schools of the cities of New York, Brooklyn, Hartford, Springfield. Bridgeport, Rochester, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Syracuse, Auburn. They are also in use in many of the best academies and schools in the various States of the Union. Teachers are furnished with copies of either for examination with a view to use.

Sanders' Series of School Books, Comprising Sanders' Pictorial Primer, 48 pp; Sanders' School Reader, First Book, 120 pp; Sanders' School Reader, Second Book, 180 pp; Sanders' School Reader. Third Book, 250 pp; Sanders' School Reader, Fourth Book, 304 pp; Sanders' School Reader, Fifth Book, 456 pp; Sanders' Spel ing Book. Five Millions sold, and the demand constantly increas ing! No series of school books, during the short period from their first publication, has had so wide a circulation, or been so favorably received by teachers and the friends of education, as Sanders' Series of Reading Books. They have been officially adopted in almost every county in the State of New-York, as the uniform series of text books.

Southwest and Western States.

They are also extensively used in New England, and in the Willson's Historical Series.-Willson's Juvenile American History; Willson's History of the United States; Willson's American History; Willson's Chart of American History; Willson's Outlines of General History, (in preparation.) Willson's Histories have received the unqualified recommendation of many of the first scholars in our country.

McElligott's Young Analyser; McElligott's Analystical Manual; Porter's Rhetorical Reader; Gray's Elements of Chemistry; Hitchcock's Elements of Geology; Newman's Practical Rhetoric. School Singing Books.-The Young Choir; The School Singer; The Young Melodist; Flora's Festival. The above Singing Books are by that indefatigable teacher and excellent musician, William B. Bradbury, who has been so successful in the instruction of children in music. They are the best singing books published for use in day schools. Our great aim has been to publish none but the best text books for schools, and we believe that none better are to be found than those published by us. Their already extensive use in every state of the Union is some evidence of the estimation in which they are held.

MARK H. NEWMAN, HENRY IVISON,

199 Broadway, New-York.

ALUABLE SCHOOL BOOKS, PUBLISHED BY HOGAN &

the City and State of New-York.

The North American Arithmetic, Part First-for young learners --by Frederick Emerson, late Principal in the Department of Arithmetic, Boylston School, Boston.

The North American Arithmetic, Part Second-Uniting Oral and Written exercises in corresponding chapters-by Frederick Emerson. The Key to the North American Arithmetics, by Frederick Emerson.

The Fourth Class Reader, or Lessons for Little Readers, by B. D. Emerson, late Principal of the Adams Grammar School, Boston. The Third Class Reader, for the Younger Classes in Schools, by B. D. Emerson.

The Second Class Reader, for the Middle Classes in Schools, by

B. D. Emerson.

The First Class Reader, for the use of the Advanced Classes in Schools, by B. D. Emerson. Russell's History of Greece and Rome. The Publishers beg leave to call the attention of Teachers and School Committees to the above series of School Books. Emerson's Arithmetics are now used and highly approved of by a large number of the public and private schools of the country. Emerson's Class Readers are widely known for the chasteness and appropriateness of the literary selections, adapted to the different classes of learners, and calculated, from their high moral tone, to result in permanent benefits to the head and heart of the learner.

TH HE BEST DICTIONARY, for all who wish to possess a correct and comprehensive vocabulary of the English Language, is Worcester's Universal and Critical Dictionary, which is a complete Pronouncing Dictionary, containing upwards of ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND WORDS. Free from all innovations in Orthography, and being in all respects agreeable to the writ ings of the most polite scholars of Europe and America. It is used and recommended by the Presidents of nearly every College in the Union, and by probably a larger number of literary men than have ever recommended any similar work.

"I shall certainly regard it hereafter as my best authority."— James Kent.

"The most comprehensive and concise of all the Dictionaries I am acquainted with."-Robert Chambers, author of Ency of English Literature.

"It does not assume to realize a theory, or to make the language what the author thinks it should be, but confines itself to the legitimate province of showing what it really is For constant reference, and as a guide in spelling and pronunciation, Worcester's Diction ary is, beyond question, the BEST extant."-Rochester American. City of Boston, in School Committee, March 28, 1848. "Order, That a copy of Worcester's large Dictionary be furnished to each department of the schools, to be kept as a book of refer Attest, S. F. MCCLEARY, Sec'y. Published by WILKINS, CARTER & Co., Boston, and for sale by all Booksellers.

ence."

pupils in Common Schools and Academies a knowledge of the animal kingdom--with a list of the different species found in the state of New-York-the whole scientifically and systematically arranged by Professor Jeg gger. Illustrated with numerous cuts; 1 vol, 18mo; price 2 cents.

OPINIONS OF THE WORK.

From Professor Taylor Lewis, of New York University. "I have been reading with intense interest and pleasure your Class Book of Zoology intended for pupils in common schools and academies. The study of Natural History, as you observed in your preface, has not hitherto received that attention which its relative importance demands, and although devoted myself to other and quite a different class of labors, I can easily appreciate the value of your favorite science, and the delight which, when properly taught, it must ever possess for the young mind. Your Class Book seems to me admirably adapted to make the subject attractive; and there is the greater merit in this, because you have accomplished your object without stripping the study of its methodical, scientific aspect. Some, in attempting to bring this and kindred branches down to the capacity of children, (as they say,) have in fact brought down the dignity of the science; or rather, inade it no science at all, in their zeal to avoid technicalities and studied arrangement; and have thus produced mere picture and story books, instead of regular and instructive systems of knowledge. In this way the great benefits of classification are lost, and mere temporary and satiating amusement is gained; instead of those habits of order and method which studies of this nature, as you well say, are happily calculated to form, and which must be essential features of all sound education. I am much pleased with the neatness and accuracy every where manifested in your translations of the technical names, and also with your happy manner of connecting science with the practical business of life. This, it is true, is not the end of science, nor even the highest stimulus to its pursuit. Still it may be reckoned among its valuable benefits to mankind; and it may therefore be regarded as one great merit of your Class Book, that whilst you point out the utilities of knowledge, you can keep those utilities in their proper place, as subordinate to the higher nature which attracts the mind to the enthusiastic study of science for its own sake.

Your Class Book of Zoology ought to be introduced into all the public and private schools of this city, and I should rejoice, for your own sake, and for the sake of sound science, to hear of its obtaining the public patronage which it deserves."

From Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, of Albany. "The copy of your book, of which you advised me last week, reached me this morning. I am pleased with its contents. Of its accuracy I can have no question, knowing your long and ardent ful to the young pupil, in introducing him to a knowledge of our native animals."

study peculiarly use

From Rev. Dr. Campbell, Albany. "Your Class Book reached me safely, and I am delighted with it; but what is more to the purpose, gentlemen who know something about Zoology, are delighted with it, such as Dr. Beck and Prof Cook of our Academy. I have no doubt that we shall introduce it." From the Farmer and Mechanic.

"The distinguished ability of the author of this work, both while engaged during nearly ten years as professor of Botany, Zoology, and modern languages at Princeton College. N. J., and since as a lecturer in some of the most distinguished literary institutions, together with the rare advantages derived from his extensive travels in various parts of the world, under the patronage of the Emperor of Russia, affording superior facilities for the acquisition of knowledge in his department, having most happily adapted Prof Jægger to the task he has with so much ability performed, viz, that of presenting to the public one of the most simple, engaging and useful Class Books of Zoology that we have seen. It is peculiarly adapt. ed to the purpose he had in view, namely, of supplying a school book on this subject for our common schools and academies which shall be perfectly comprehensible to the minds of beginners. In this respect, he has, we think,, most admirably succeeded, and we doubt not that this little work will become one of the most popular Class Books of Zoology in the country."

A NEW TEXT BOOK FOR SCHOOLS-MAGNALL'S HIISTORICAL QUESTIONS.

D. APPLETON & Co. have recently published Historical and Miscellaneous Questions, by Richard Magnall, first American from the 84th London edition, with large additions, adapted for schools in the United States, by Mrs. Julia Lawrence, illustrated with numerous engravings, 1 vol, 12mo, price $1.

CONTENTS. A Short View of Scripture History, from the Creation to the Restoration of the Jews-Question from the early ages to the time of Julius Cæsar--Miscellaneous questions in Grecian History-Miscellaneous questions in General History, chiefly ancient-Questions containing a sketch of the most remarkable events from the Christian Era to the close of the Eighteenth Century-Miscellaneaus questions in Roman History-Questions in English History, from the invasion of Cæsar to the Reformation-Continuation of questions in English History, from the Reformation to the present time-Abstract of early British History-Abstract of English reigns from the Conquest-Abstract of the Scottish reignsAbstract of the French reigns, from Pharamond to Philip I-Continuation of the French reigns from Louis VI to Louis PhillippeQuestions relating to the History of America, from its discovery to the present time-Abstract of Roman kings and most distinguished heroes-Abstract of the most celebrated Grecians-Of Heathen Mythology in general-Abstract of Heathen Mythology, &c., &c.

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been several years before the public, and have been adopted as the Text Books in this department of learning, in many of the Academies, District and Normal Schools, throughout the country. Although several new Grammars have been published within a few years, and much effort made to introduce them to public favor, yet, from the increased demand for Brown's works, the publishers confidently believe, that practical Teachers still regard them as the best yet published.

Teachers and literary gentlemen in various parts of the Union, have given strong recommendations in favor of these Grammars, among which are the following:

"Goold Brown's Grammar is the most scientific and decidedly popular Grammar of the English Language now extant. It has been recommended by several County Superintendents, and adopt. ed by a majority of the Common Schools."-Rochester Evening

Post.

"This is a work which has stood the test of many years' expe rience in some of the best institutions in the country."-Albany Evening Journal.

"A work that is so highly recommended by Emerson, Griscom, Col. Stone, and such an array of Deputy Superintendents, must pos sess superior merit. Having examined the work ourselves, we are satisfied of its superiority, and give our voice for its introduction into our schools."-Oswego Paladium.

"A work perhaps the very best of its kind, and of which the accuracy is far more than usual."-Edgar A. Poe.

"I do not hesitate to pronounce them the very best treatises that have fallen under my observation. In simplicity and perspicuity of style, systematic and philosophical arrangement, I think Mr. Brown admirably excels." CHARLES EDWARDS,

Instructor of North School for Boys, Marblehead, Ms. These Books are published by

SAMUEL S. & WILLIAM WOOD,

261 Pearl-street, New-York.

And for sale by the Booksellers generally throughout the United States.

DUCATIONAL TEXT BOOKS. PUBLISHED BY A. S.

E BARNES & CO., No. 51 John-street, New-York.

DAVIES' SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICS.

1. The Arithmetical Course.-1, Primary Table Book; 2, First Lessons in Arithmetic; 3, School Arithmetic (Key separate). II. The Academic Course.-1, The University Arithmetic (Key separate); 2, Practical Geometry and Mensuration; 3, Elementary Algebra (Key separate); 4, Elementary Geometry; 5, Davies' Elements of Surveying.

III. The Collegiate Course.-1, Davies' Bourdon's Algebra; 2, Davies' Legendre's Geometry and Trigonometry; 3, Davies' Analytical Geometry; 4, Davies' Descriptive Geometry; 5, Davies' Shade, Shadows, and Perspective. 6, Davies' Differential and Integral Calculus.

These works have an established national reputation, and will be the common standards to which the largest portion of the students of the present day will hereafter refer. They are the standard text books of the Free Academy, New-York.

Chambers' Educational Course, Edited by D. M. Reese, M. D. LL. D.-1, Chambers' Treasury of Knowledge, or Lessons on Common Things, Common Objects, and the Sciences; 2, Chambers' Elements of Drawing and Perspective. by John Clark; 3, Chambers' Elements of Natural Philosophy: 4, Chambers' Elements of Chemistry and Electricity, by D. B. Reid and Alexander Bain; 5, Chambers' Vegetable Animal Physiology. by G. Hamil ton; 6, Chambers' Elements of Zoology (Illustrated); 7, Chambers' Elements of Geology, by David Page.

The Messrs. Chambers (whose works are so favorably known in the different departments of literature, throughout this country as well as Europe,) have employed the first professors in Scotland in the preparation of the above works. They are now offered to the schools of the United States, under the American revision of D. M. Reese, M. D., LL. D., late Superintendent of Public Schools of the City and County of New-York.

Parker's First Lessons, aud Parker's Compendium of Natural
Philosophy: Twenty-Sixth Edition.
of Public Instruction of Upper Canada, dated Toronto, May 15,
Extract of a letter from Rev. E. Everson, D. D., Superintendent

1849:

"I am happy to say that Parker's Philosophy will be introduced and adopted in Victoria College' at the csmmencement of the next collegiate year, in Autumn, and I hope that will be but the commencement of the use of so valuable an Elementary work in our schools. The small work of Parker's (Parker's First Lessons in Natural Philosophy) was introduced the last term in a primary class of the institution referred to, and that with great success intend to recommend its use shortly in the Model School in this eity, and the larger work to the students of the Provincial Normal School."

I

Emma Willard's Histories and Charts.-Willard's History of the United States, or Republic of America, new and enlarged edi tion, 8vo; Willard's School History of the United States, new and enlarged edition; Willard's Universal History in Perspective, Svo; Willard's American Chronographer, a Chart to aid in the study of Willard's United States; Willard's Temple of Time, a Chronological Chart of Universal History; Willard's English Chronographer; Willard's Historic Guide for Schools.

The Histories of Mrs. Willard receive the stamp of approbation wherever known; and stand unrivalled for accuracy, and adaptation as text books for the school room, or reading books for the rary and class room.

ing and Copy Books; Fulton & Eastman's Book Keeping, and Blanks.

Brooks' Greek and Latin Classics.-Brooks' First Latin LesFirst Greek Lessons, 12mo; Brooks' Greek Collectanea Evangesons, 12mo; Brooks' Ovid's Metamorphoses, Svo, sheep; Brooks' lica. 12mo.

S. W. Clark's New English Grammar.-A work in which words, their relations to each other; illustrated by a complete system of phrases and sentences are classified, according to their offices and Diagrams.

Reading, with a series of Introductory Lessons, designed to famiR. G. Parker's Rhetorical Reader, or Exercises in Rhetorical liarize readers with the pauses and other marks in general use. Just published.

Northend's Young Speaker, intended for young scholars. Dr. Waits on the Improvement of the Mind, complete edition, with questions by J. A. Denman.

Kingsley's Juvenile Choir, and Young Ladies' Harp. and I thank heaven that you have written it."-Horace Mann, in a Page's Theory and Practice of Teaching." It is a grand book, letter to the author.

Barnard on School Architecture, or Contributions to the Improvement of School Houses in the United States. ALFRED S. BARNES.

HENRY L. BURR.

PICKERING'S GREEK LEXICON, 1468 pages. Price $3.75. This Lexicon having been re-written and greatly enlarged and improved by the addition of nearly fifty per cent. to its contents as originally published, is now one of the most complete and accurate Vocabularies of the Greek Language; and is pronounced by competent teachers and professors, better adapted to the use of Colleges and Schools in the United States than any other Greek Lexicon. Among its excellences are the following:

1. Clear and methodical arrangement.

2. Elaborate explanation of the meaning and use of obscure words and phrases, the anomalous particles, etc.

3. Exact and pertinent definitions; the law terms of the Attic orators being given in terms found in Kent and Blackstone.

4. The insertion of the oblique dialectical forms of anomalous nouns, verbs, etc.

5. Comprehensiveness; it being confined to no particular class of Greek authors.

6. Beauty of mechanical execution and cheapness.

This Lexicon is in every respect an excellent one. [Professor Felton, Cambridge.]

The best extant for Colleges and Schools. [Professor Robinson, New-York. Decidedly the best School Dictionary we have yet seen. [Literary World. Published by

NEW

WILKINS, CARTER & CO., No. 16 Water-st., Boston.

EW ARITHMETIC, PUBLISHED BY D. BIXBY, 122 Fultonstreet, New-York.

First Book in Arithmetic-Comprising Lessons in Number and Form, for Primary and Common Schools; by FRDEERICK A. ADAMS, A. M. One new feature in this work is, that it exhibits the Decimal Law of Numbers in connexion with the formation of numeral words, and thus leads the child to a knowledge of this important law of calculation in the first steps of his study. It combines a variety of operations on the small nnmbers first introduced; progresses gradually from small numbers to those that are larger, and is so arranged as to lead the pupils to do a large amount of work, while the teacher says but little.

Arithmetic, Mental and Written-For Common and HighSchools, 300 pages, by FREDERICK A. ADAMS, A. M.

This work is designed to follow the First Book in Arithmetic, and, with it, to furnish a complete system of Arithmetical Instruction for Schools. It consists of Two Parts. The First, comprising Advanced Lessons in Mental Arithmetic, is designed to train the pupil to the ready performance of mental operations in large uumbers without the use of the slate. It also contains such explanations of the laws of numbers as will free the pupil from bondage to Arithmetical rules. In this way it is believed two important objects have been gained; and that this part of the work will be wel comed, both by teachers and by men of business, as a valuable aid in this branch of Education.

the branches of Written Arithmetic necessary to train the student The Second part contains an extended and varied practice in all for busines, or fit him for a higher course of mathematical studies.

The Publisher would respectfully invite the attention of Teachcis, of School Committees, and of all interested in education, to this work; and would present to their consideration the following expression of opinion respecting its merits :

RECOMMENDATION.

From Professor Chase, of Dartmouth College. Hanover. Mr. F. A. ADAMS-My Dear Sir: I have examined with some care, your Treatise on Arithmetic, and am much pleased with it. The practice and habit of extending mental operations to largenumbers is of great utility. I have occasion very frequently to see the inconvenience that young men suffer from want of such a habit. Not less valuable than the habit of operating mentally upon large numbers, is the habit of performing the more advanced operations of Arithmetic without the aid of the pencil. I like very much also, the manner in which you have treated several of the principles which you have developed; as for example, the subject of the common divisor, the least common multiple, the roots, ratio and proportion. These are but few of the subjects, but I mention them as examples. I think the book will do much to promote the effort of teaching arithmetic-by demonstration and explanation. I am, dear sir, very truly yours, &c.

Clerk of

S. CHASE.

THE

OF THE

STATE OF NEW-YORK.

VOL. X.]

ALBANY, FEBRUARY, 1850.

The District School Journal,
Le published monthly, and is devoted exclusively to the promo-

tion of Popular Education.

SAMUEL S. RANDALL, Editor.
TERMS. - Single copies 50 cents; seven copies $3.00; twelve
copies $5.00; twenty five copies $10.00; payable always in ad-
All letters and communications intended for the District

vance.

School Journal, should be directed to the Editor, Albany, N. Y.

Post Paid.

From the Steam Press of Weed, Parsons & Co., 67 State.

street, Albany.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

[No. XI.

have been received, there were 1893 private and unincorporated schools, in which 72,785 pupils were under instruction during the whole or a portion of the year reported; and 35 schools for the instruction of colored children, comprising 4006 pupils, the expenses of which were defrayed by the appropriation of $2,866.97 from the public money applicable to the payment of teachers" wages, and $2,149.60 raised by rate bill on those sending to the schools.

Expenditures of the year Reported.

During the year embraced in the annual report of the trustees, the sum of $1,153,916.27 was paid for teachers"

Superintendent of Common Schools. wages; of which $653,704.53 was received from the

TO THE LEGISLATURE.

SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS, ALBANY, January 1, 1850. The Superintendent of Common Schools, in obedience to the requisitions of law, respectfully submits the following annual report:

From the abstracts furnished by the several County Clerks, of the reports of the respective Town Superintendents of Common Schools, it appears that there were on the first day of July last, in the 878 towns and 81 wards of cities in the State, 11,191 school districts, of which 8,411 are composed of territory wholly situated in the town where the school-house stands, and the remainder are joint districts formed from two or more adjoining towns. Reports have been received from the trustees of 10,928 districts; leaving 263 only from which

no sufficient returns have been made.

In the several reporting, district schools have been maintained by duly qualified teachers, for an average period of eight months during the year embraced in the

returns.

The whole number of children between the ages of five and sixteen residing in the respective districts from which returns were received, was 739,655, and the whole number of children taught in the several district schools during the year, was 778,309, being an increase of 2,587 over the number taught during the preceding year. Of the number thus taught, 6,687 had been in attendance on the schools during the entire year; 21,793 for ten months and upwards; 70,378 for eight months and upwards; 165,968 for six months and upwards; 315,430 for four months and upwards; 508,671 for two months and upwards; and only 269,638 had attended for a less period than two months.

In the several towns and cities from which reports

State Treasury and from the avails of town and county
taxation and local funds, $489,696.63, contributed on
rate bills by those who sent to school; and $10,515.11.
raised by taxation on the inhabitants of the district to
meet the amount due on the rate bills of such indigent
payment of their share of such oils.
children so exempted in the several reporting districts,

is stated at 16,900.

The number

The aggregate amount of money expended during the same year in the purchase of books for the district library and school apparatus authorized by law, was $93,104.82.

The following sums were raised by the inhabitants of
the several districts during the same year, by a tax on
the real and personal estate of the districts, for the re-
spective purposes enumerated, viz :—
For purchasing sites,
For building school-houses,
For renting houses or rooms for the school,
For repairs and insurance,
For fuel,

For school books, furniture and apparatus,
For deficiencies in rate bills,.......

For other district purposes authorized by
law,..

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teen residing therein. It is respectfully suggested to the Legislature whether the ratio of apportionment and of distribution of the school money might not advantagrously be so changed as to have reference to the attendance of pupils upon the district schools for a certain specified period-for instance four months-during the preceding year, instead of being based upon either population or the number of children actually residing in the district. By the adoption of this mode of distribution, strong inducements would be presented to the taxable inhabitants of the several districts, to place their children in the Common Schools, and to keep them there, for a sufficient length of time to secure an additional share of the public money.

And the entire aggregate will amount to $1,700,819 56 The several amounts raised in the respective school districts throughout the State, by direct taxation for the various purposes authorized by law, have been ascer- It would also be very desirable, if practicable, to tained during the preceding year for the first time; from adopt some mode of distribution of the public money, by the reports of trustees of the several districts. The in- which the weaker and poorer districts, in those sections formation has been deemed valuable, as well for the where the population is sparse and their means of suppurposes of showing the practical resources and enter-porting a school limited, should be enabled to participrise of the several districts, as of refuting the allegation pate to a greater extent than they now do, in the common occasionally put forth, that the small additional amount fund. In the cities and many of the larger towns and of taxation required by the act establishing free schools, villages, a portion of this fund might well be spared for would be felt as burthensome and oppressive. The this purpose, without detriment to the efficiency of the entire amount raised throughout the State on rate bills schools, and without imposing any perceptible burthen for the payment of teachers' wages during the year last upon the inhabitants. The benefits and advantages of reported, after applying the public money, was $466,- oar system of free common school instruction might 674.85, or $12,876.38 only more than the aggregate thus be far more equalized throughout the State, than amount voluntarily raised in the several districts for they now are. The aid which the Common School ordinary district purposes. Is it, then, to be supposed Fund is capable of affording to the efforts of the inhabithat the mere substitution of direct taxation for rate tants of the several school districts, should be proporbills, will, under such circumstances, and with the pre- tioned to the needs of those whom it is designed to valence of such a spirit, create any serious dissatisfaction, benefit; whereas, under the existing mode of apportionor be regarded as, in any sense, an unwelcome burden? ment, those large and comparatively wealthy districts, The Superintendent cannot, for a moment, permit him- which least need the aid of the State, receive it most self to entertain this idea. liberally; and those to whom it is absolutely indispensable, participate so sparingly in its distribution as to render their efforts for the maintenance of suitable schools almost utterly hopeless. The subject is earnestly commended to the deliberate consideration of the Legisla

The whole amount of public money received from all sources during the past year by the several town superintendents, and other officers charged with the receipts and disbursements of school moneys, was for library purposes, and the balance for contingent expenses in the several cities and large towns, where special provision for its expenditure is made.

Table A, annexed, contains an abstract of the reports of the several town superintendents for the year ending on the first day of July last, as forwarded to this Depart ment by the several county clerks, and subsequently revised and corrected by the Department.

ture

henrias.

libraries of the State, on the first day of January, 1849, The whole number of volumes in the several district to each district. Many of the larger and wealthier diswas 1,409,154; being an average of about 125 volumes tricts, however, greatly exceed this average; and the disproportion is the greater where it should least exist. In the cities and large villages, where access may most Table B contains a statement, furnished by the Comp- private libraries, the share of the library fund apporreadily be had to extensive and well-selected public and troller, showing the increase and diminution of the tioned to the respective districts is in the ratio of the capital of the Common School Fund, during the year population, and far beyond their real wants or necessiending on the 30th of September last, The Superin-ties; while in the poorer and more remote districts, tendent has no additional suggestions to make, at this time, in reference to the improvement or management

of this fund.

Table C exhibits the capital and revenue of the School Fund from its foundation in 1805, to the present year, the amount annually apportioned by the State during that period, the whole amount of public money ceived and expended by the several school districts, and the amount paid, from year to year, on rate bills. Appendix D and E contains the annual reports of the Board of Education and of the County Superintendent of the city and county of New-York.

where books are most needed and most difficult of access, the pittance annually doled out from the library than purchase a few cheap and comparatively worthless fund is too meagre to enable the trustees to do more

volumes.

re-districts are not appreciated as they should be by the It is lamentably true that the libraries of the several inhabitants generally; and a strong disposition has been ous sections of the State, to abandon the system altomanifested within the past two or three years, in varigether, and to divert the library fund to the payment of teachers' wages. Apportionment of the Scho 1 Fund. Numerous applications have been made to this Department, under the act of 1847, authoriThe annual revenue from the capital of the Common Superintendent, for permission to appropriate the whole zing such a diversion of this fund with the assent of the School Fund, $280,000, together with an equal sum raised by the boards of supervisors upon the several or temporarily, to the compensation of teachers; and or portions of the library money, either permanently towns, and an additional equal sum levied upon the in many instances these applications have been urged respective counties, under the act establishing free with a pertinacity and earnestness indicative of the schools, is apportioned among the several towns and strongest feeling. Deeply impressed with an unalterawards of the State, in proportion to the whole popula-ble conviction of the importance of this feature of our tion of each, as ascertained by the last preceding cenThe town and ward officers, apportion the amount thus received, among the several school districts of their respective towns and wards, according to the whole number of children between the ages of five and six

sus.

Common School system, and of the beneficent influenthousand school districts could not fail to secure, especes which a well-selected library in each of our eleven cially to the rising generation, I could not bring myself to take the first step towards the abandonment of so

Superintendent deems it his duty particularly to direct In connection with the subject of district libraries, the the attention of the trustees and inhabitants of the several school districts to a work of undoubted utility, and pre-eminently of a national character, which should find quarto Dictionary, published by Messrs. G. & C. Mera place in every library, viz: Webster's unabridged riam, of Springfield, Massachusetts. As a standard of orthography and orthopy, its claims to general adoption have been recognized by the most eminent scholars and statesmen of our land; and as a purely American work, prepared at great expense, and emanating from a source entitled to the highest credit and respect, it commends itself strongly to the adoption of our school districts generally.

noble an enterprise, by giving my assent to the diversion advantageously include the several districts of an entire of any portion of the fund set apart for this object. If town; and under the existing provisions of the law, the the precedent of such a diversion were once established, inhabitants have power, with the assent of the Town under whatever limitations or restrictions, and however Superintendent, so to unite their library moneys. It is warranted by the peculiar circumstances of particular obvious that under such an arrangement an exceedingly cases, the inevitable result would be a more or less valuable library, comprehending works of intrinsic usespeedy absorption of the entire fund, and a virtual ex-fulness not now within the means of the separate districts tinction of the whole library system. At the hazard, to obtain, would, in a few years, be built up-leaving therefore, of encountering much misrepresentation, and in the possession of the districts respectively their preno small share of personal obloquy, I have deemed it sent libraries, adequate, in general, to the wants of all my duty to deny every application, however strongly those inhabitants who might not feel disposed to consult fortified, for my consent to the conversion of any portion the larger collection. of the fund to other than its legitimate purposes. If, in this respect, I have transcended the views of the Legislature, the remedy is obvious. So long, however, as either the Legislature or the people shall deem it expedient to vest a discretionary power in the premises in my hands, I shall continue to be governed by the same principles in this respect as heretofore avowed and maintained. The fund originally set apart for the specific object of diffusing information throughout every section of the State by means of suitable books, should, in my judgment, be inviolably appropriated to the purpose for which it was bestowed. The State has amply provided for the compensation of teachers, and for the various other objects of expenditures required for the support and maintenance of the Common Schools; and past experience has abundantly shown that the inhabitants of the several school districts are ready and willing to second these exertions from their own resources. well-selected district library should be regarded as an indispensable appendage to every Common School. benefits are like incalculable and inexhaustible; and in Its those secluded districts remote from large towns and villages, where books are rare and difficult of access, no instrumentality of education within the range of possible attainment can supply its place. Even in our cities and larger villages, there are hundreds of families whose children, if shut out from this beneficent source of gratuitous knowledge and information, yonleostale aifon, ally find therefore, of public policy and private benevolence dic-proportion of the statistical information which is almost tates that the sound and enlightened views of the foun-indispensable to a full knowledge and an accurate surders of this fund should be faithfully and conscientiously carried out.

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It is believed, however, that a more judicious and profitable investment of this fund may be made by the several districts of the State, than has hitherto been done. In a very large proportion of the districts, the amount of library money annually placed at the disposal of the trustees, is small-varying from five to ten, fifteen or twenty dollars. Its expenditure is required to be made on or before the first day of October in each year; and it is frequently difficult, if not entirely impracticable, for the trustees to procure even such works for their library as the limited means at their disposal enables them to purchase. They are often induced by traveling agents of the numerous booksellers in our large cities, to invest the whole or large portions of the fund in worthless publications; and at best, they are compelled to purchase works of an inferior value, at great disadvantages as to price. Duplicates of the same works are generally to be found in the several districts, and the result is that upwards of a million of dollars has been invested in the purchase of a million and a half of books, which, however valuable for the purposes for which they are immediately designed, add comparatively little of permanent intrinsic value to the property of the districts, in a pecuniary point of view.

Local Supervision of the Schools.

Legislature the restoration, in some form, of the office The Superintendent would renewedly urge upon the heretofore submitted in previous reports from this Deof County Superintendent. In addition to the reasons partment, the experience of the last two years warrants the assertion that an efficient administration of the Common School system cannot be secured without the assistance of this class of officers. It has been found utterly impracticable to keep up the correspondence with nearly nine hundred Town officers, which the exigencies

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vey of the educational condition of the State, has been omitted in the tables herewith submitted, for no other reason than because it has been found impossible to ob tain from these officers that accurate and reliable infor mation which, alone, could be of any value. Within the legitimate sphere of their operations, Town Supe rintendents have, in general, faithfully and satisfactorily discharged the duties incumbent upon them. But they cannot, from the nature of the case, be expected to supply the place or fulfil the functions of a county officer. The County Clerk has no other duty imposed upon him, under the present law, than that of transcribing and certifying the official reports of the Town Superintendent made to him, and embodying their results in one general table. Between the Town and State Superintendents, there is urgent need of a class of local supervi sory officers, through whom the latter may constantly communicate with the former and with the inhabitants and officers of the several districts, and by whose agency an uniform and harmonious co-operation may be secured throughout the entire extent of the State. It is undeniable that during the five years in which the system of County supervision was in force, notwithstanding the many unfavorable influences under which it labored, and the numerous prejudices against which it was forced to contend, the schools of the State were advanced and improved to an extent far surpassing the experience of any previous period. An impulse was given to the efforts of the friends of education, by the active and enlightened labors of these officers, which will long continue to be felt, and the abundant fruits of which are visible in every direction around us. The mode of selection and of compensation of the County Superintendents was doubtless unwise. In some instances, injudicious selections may have been made; and various causes may have existed which rendered the office itself

Would it not be better for the inhabitants and officers of several adjoining districts permanently to unite their library funds, and place them at the disposal of some competent and judicious person, to be invested in the purchase of a large and valuable collection of books, carefully selected, and annually augmented, and kept at some central and commodious place, to which access might easily be had at such times as best suited the convenience and accommodation of the inhabitants interested? In many instances such an arrangement might

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