And then dreams he of smelling out a suit;
And sometimes comes she with a tithe-pig's tail
Tickling a parson's nose that lies asleep,
Then dreams he of another benefice;
Sometimes she driveth o'er a soldier's neck,
And then dreams he of cutting foreign throats,
Of breaches, ambuscadoes, Spanish blades,
Of healths five fathom deep: and then, anon,
Drums in his ear-at which he starts and wakes,
And, being thus frighted, swears a prayer or two,
And sleeps again.-Shakespeare.

Can storied urn or animated bust

Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?
Can Honor's voice provoke the silent dust,
Or Flattery soothe the dull, cold ear of Death?

The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave,
Await alike th' inevitable hour-

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

Full many a gem of purest ray serene

The dark, unfathom'd caves of ocean bear;
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the desert air.

Some village Hampden, that with dauntless breast
The little tyrant of his fields withstood,
Some mute, inglorious Milton here may rest;
Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country's blood.

Th' applause of list'ning senates to command,
The threats of pain and ruin to despise,

To scatter plenty o'er a smiling land,

And read their history in a nation's eyes,

Their lot forbade: nor circumscribed alone
Their growing virtues, but their crimes confined,
Forbade to wade through slaughter to a throne,

And shut the gates of mercy on mankind.-Gray.

Up, up! my friend, and quit your books,
Or surely you'll grow double;

Up, up! my friend, and clear your looks;
Why all this toil and trouble?

The sun, above the mountain's head,
A freshening lustre mellow

Through all the long green fields has spread,

His first sweet evening yellow.

Books! 'tis a dull and endless strife;

Come, hear the woodland linnet;

How sweet his music! on my life,

There's more of wisdom in it.-Wordsworth.

LESSON XXIV.

Pitch, Movement, and Volume.

All light, unconstrained feelings manifest themselves by high pitch and more or less rapid movement.

Merrily swinging on briar and weed,

Near to the nest of his little dame;

Over the mountain-side or mead

Robert of Lincoln is telling his name.-Bryant.

Serious, dignified expression, on the other hand, calls for self-restraint; therefore, the movement will be slower, the pitch lower, and the pauses more frequent and longer in proportion to the degree of seriousness or dignity. Very solemn or sad expression would have low tone and very slow movement.

How long, O Catiline, wilt thou abuse our patience?
How long shalt thou baffle justice in thy mad career?-Cicero.

To be or not to be-that is the question.-Shakespeare.

Break, break, break,

At the foot of the crags, O sea!

But the tender grace of a day that is dead

Will never come back to me.-Tennyson.

In excitement the movement is abrupt with frequent

Jauses.

And lo!-as he looks--on the belfry's height

A glimmer-and then a gleam of light!

A hurry of hoofs in a village street-

A shape in the moonlight-a bulk in the dark

And beneath-from the pebbles in passing-a spark-
Struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet.-Longfellow.

In unemotional reading we have medium pitch and rate, that is, the pitch and rate of ordinary conversation.

There is one accomplishment, in particular, which I would earnestly recommend to you. Cultivate assiduously the ability to read well. Where one person is really interested by music, twenty are pleased by good reading. Where one person is capable of becoming a skilful musician, twenty may become good readers.—Hart.

it

With regard to the volume or loudness of the voice,

may be said that, in general, the ordinary speakingvoice is sufficient. In shrieking, calling, shouting, cheering, and the expression of unrestrained anger or defiance, the volume may be very great, but even here do not try to stun your hearers. Never mistake noise or bluster for intensity. True feeling does not manifest itself by explosive utterance. In gentle,

subdued emotions, the voice is soft and musical, whilst in awe, secrecy, and fear, it sinks almost and sometimes quite to a whisper.

Remember that in speaking in a large hall, it is necessary to allow time for the voice to reach every person in the audience, so we should speak more slowly than when at home, or in the school-room. If we are careful to do this, we need not shout nor strain the voice, but we can use our every-day conversational tone and be perfectly at ease.

Do not speak in a measured and stilted manner at any time, but keep the same proportion between important and unimportant words as in ordinary conversation. It is best to talk, for the most part, to that portion of the audience that is farthest from you. In that way you will learn to "project" the tone so that the words are carried distinctly everywhere.

If there is an echo, speak more softly and slowly than usual. Always begin quietly, so that you feel a sense of reserve power.

Carefully avoid diminishing the volume of the voice in any phrase after the emphatic word has been reached. To give the remaining words with less than the previous degree of strength gives an impression of physical weakness, as if the breath had given out. Of course, this rule does not apply to instances where that especial effect is desired.

Do not interpret what has been said here to mean that the volume of the voice is never to vary. In all

strong, vital emotions there will be a more or less gradual increase of volume corresponding to the crescendo in music, culminating on the emphatic word. In very tender emotions the volume may gradually diminish until the emphatic word is reached. hate you" with "How I love you."

Compare "How I

By this time your studies have shown you many examples of what is called emotional emphasis— that is, expression which brings out the feelings of the speaker, as well as the ideas in his mind. All of the elements of expression are means of portraying emotion. You should use these means wherever they are appropriate, but always try to really feel what you would express and express only what you feel. This is the secret of natural delivery. One may cultivate and control the emotions just as one develops the intellectual powers. Moreover, in so doing we learn the lesson of self-mastery, which is far more important than the most perfect expression.

Notice that in many of the following examples many single words have an emotional meaning of their own. Such are "lazy,' "lazy," "dawdling," "awful," "angry," "holy." The same rules of expression apply to these as to phrases and sentences.

The tense or relaxed states of the body, and especially of the pharynx or back of the mouth, have much to do with emotional expressions. In love and pleasure, generally, we draw in our words and linger over them, while we expel more or less violently words that express un