defeated with his Spanish allies in an attack upon Kinsale
Dec., 1601, and took refuge in a stronghold near Lough
Erne; surrendered to Mountjoy; renounced the title of
"The O'Neill;" received a pardon 1602: presented himself
to King James, and was confirmed in his earldom and
estates 1603; was suspected in 1607 of being engaged in a
new conspiracy; proceeded to Brussels to invoke the pro-
tection of the Spanish government, and spent the remainder
of his life in obscurity, poverty, and blindness, a pensioner
of the king of Spain and of the pope. D. at Rome in 1616.
Ty'rosine (C9H,NO3), a nitrogenous substance formed
by the decomposition of albuminoid bodies by acids, alka-
lies, and putrefaction, was first obtained by decomposing
caseine with fusing potash. It can also be prepared by
heating water with sulphuric acid. It occurs ready formed
in the animal organism (in the spleen, the pancreas, and
the urine; sometimes in the liver and bile of diseased per-
sons). Tyrosine crystallizes from an aqueous solution in
slender silky needles, arranged in a stellate form. It dis-
solves in boiling water and in alcohol, but is insoluble in
ether.
J. P. BATTERSHALL.

Tyrrhenia. See ETRURIA.

Tyrrhenian Sea, The, the ancient Mare Tyrrhenum, is that part of the Mediterranean which lies between the Italian mainland and the islands of Sardinia, Corsica, and Sicily.

Tyrtæ'us, according to an old tradition, a lame schoolmaster of Attica and of mean extraction. When, on the outbreak of the Second Messenian war, the Lacedæmonians sent to Athens for a leader in obedience to an oracle, the Athenians moved by fear and jealousy, are said to have sent them Tyrtæus as the most unfit person they could find for the position, Tyrtæus, however, was possessed of eminent lyrical power, and by his songs he so excited the Lacedæmonians that they finally came victorious out of the war (668 B. C.). The fragments still extant of these songs have been collected and edited in Schneidewin's Delectus Poesis Græer Elegiace (1838) and in Bergk's Poetæ Lyrici Græci (1866); also by A. Lami (Leghorn, 1874). There is a translation into English verse by Polwhele (1786-92).

| versity of Edinburgh; was called to the bar 1770; became in 1780 conjunct professor, and in 1786 sole professor, of civil history and Greek and Roman antiquities at the University of Edinburgh; became judge-advocate of Scotland 1790, lord of session, with the title of Woodhouselee, 1802, and a lord of justiciary 1811. D. at Edinburgh Jan. 5, 1813. Author, besides many other works, of Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791; 3d ed. 1813), The Elements of General History, Ancient and Modern (2 vols., 1801), and Lives of Lord Kames (2 vols., 1807) and of Petrarch (1810).

Tytler (JAMES), b. at Fern, Scotland, in 1747, was specially educated in surgery and chemistry; emigrated to Ireland about 1793 to escape political prosecution, and to America in 1796; was one of the editors of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Among his published works are Trentise on the Plague and Yellow Fever, Answer to Paine's “Age of Reason," Essays on Natural and Revealed Religion, System of Geography, and System of Surgery. He also contributed to many leading periodicals of his time. D. Jan., 1804.

Tytler (PATRICK FRASER), son of Alexander Fraser, b. in Edinburgh, Scotland, Aug. 30, 1791; educated at the High School and University of Edinburgh; studied law; was admitted into the faculty of advocates 1813; accompanied to the Continent Mr. (afterward Sir) Archibald Alison, for whom he wrote several chapters of his Travels in France (1816); held for some years the office of king's counsel in exchequer, but ultimately devoted himself to biographical and historical researches, chiefly among the MSS. of the state paper offices, and received from 1844 a pension of £200 from the Crown. D. at Great Malvern, England, Dec. 24, 1849. Author of a Life of James Crichton of Cluny, commonly called the Admirable Crichton, with an Appendix of Original Papers (1819), An Account of the Life and Writings of Sir Thomas Craig of Riccarton (1823), Life of John Wicklyff, with an Appendix and List of his Works (1826), Lives of Scottish Worthies (3 vols., 1832-33); in Murray's Family Library," Life of Sir Walter Raleigh (1833), Life of King Henry the Eighth (1837), An Historical View of the Progress of Discovery on the NorthTyrwhitt (ter'it). (THOMAS), F. R. S., b. in London, forming part of Dr. Lardner's "Cabinet Library;" and a ern Coasts of America, etc. (1832), the two latter works England, Mar. 29, 1730; educated at Eton; graduated at History of Scotland from 1149 to the Union of the Crowns in Queen's College, Oxford, 1750; became fellow of Merton 1603 (Edinburgh, 9 vols., 1828-43; 5th ed., 10 vols., 1866), and under-secretary of state in the war department 1756, and clerk to the House of Commons 1762; resigned the a work undertaken at the request of Sir Walter Scott, and latter post 1768; devoted himself to literary criticism, and pronounced by Earl Stanhope and other critics "the standard history of Scotland." Like his grandfather, he was a was appointed one of the curators of the British Museum staunch advocate of Mary Queen of Scots. He edited a 1784. D. in London Aug. 15, 1786. Among his works were-Observations on Some Passages of Shakespeare (1766), the Reigns of Edward VI. and Mary, with the Contemposeries of original letters under the title of England under an edition of Chancer (1773), critical dissertations on Babrius, Euripides, and Strabo, and editions of the writings rary History of Europe (London, 2 vols., 1839): contribof Orpheus and Isus, and of Aristotle's Poetics (posthu-uted the article "Scotland" to the Encyclopædia Britannica (7th ed.); wrote songs and essays for the magazines. mous, 1794). He will be best remembered, however, as the A memoir, entitled The Portrait of a Christian Gentleman,

original editor of Rowley's Poems, to which he furnished a preface and glossary, and subsequently added an appendix, showing them to have been written by Chatterton.

by Rev. John W. Burgon, appeared in 1859.

Au

Tytler (WILLIAM), b. in Edinburgh, Scotland. Oct. 12, 1711; educated at the University of Edinburgh: became a writer to the signet 1744, and practised law with great success until his death, at Edinburgh Sept. 12, 1792. thor of An Historical and Critical Enquiry into the Eridence produced by the Earls of Murray and Morton against Mary Queen of Scots (1760), which ranks as one of the ablest of the numerous defences of Mary from the charge of being accessory to the murder of Darnley, a crime im

Tyson (JAMES), M. D., b. in Philadelphia Oct. 26, 1841; was educated at Haverford College, where he graduated as A. M. in 1860, and in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated as M. D. in 1863; is hospital lecturer on pathological anatomy and histology in the University of Pennsylvania, professor of physiology and histology in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, and one of the visiting physicians and pathologists to the Philadelphia Hospital. He has pub-puted in this work to Murray and Morton. lished many papers in medical journals, and The Cell-Doctrine, its History and Present State (1870), Introduction to Practical Histology (1873), and Practical Examination of Urine (1875).

Tyson (JOB ROBERTS), LL.D., b. at Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 12, 1804; became a lawyer in his native city; served in the city councils and in the State legislature; was a member of Congress 1855-56; possessed literary and artistic accomplishments; was instrumental in procuring the publication of the archives of Pennsylvania, and projected a history of the American colonies, which he was prevented from prosecuting by his death at Woodlawn Hall, Pa., June 27, 1858. Besides miscellaneous addresses, reports, and contributions on commercial or literary topics to various periodicals, he was author of An Essay on the Penal Laws of Pennsylvania (1827), A Discourse on the Integrity of the Legal Character (1839), On the Colonial History of the Eastern and some of the Southern States (1842), Social and Intellectual State of the Colony of Pennsylvania prior to 1743 (1843), and a Discourse on the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of William Penn (1844).

Tzana, lake of Abyssinia. See DEMBEA.
Tzar. See CZAR.

Tzarskoye-Selo. See TSARSKOE-SELO.

Tzetz'es (JOHANNES), a Byzantine author of the latter half of the twelfth century. His poems, Iliaca (edited by Jacobs, 1793, and Bekker, 1816) and Chiliades (edited by Kiessling, 1826), are not of any great interest, but his commentaries on Homer, Hesiod, Aristophanes, and other ancient poets are valuable on account of the extensive learning they evince.

Tzschir'ner (HEINRICH GOTTLIEB), b. at Mittweida,

Saxony, Nov. 14, 1778; studied theology at Leipsic: was appointed professor at Wittenberg in 1805 and at Leipsie in 1809, and was elected superintendent at Leipsic in 1815, and prebendary of Meissen in 1818. D. Feb. 17, 1828. He acquired great reputation as a preacher and by the firm and intelligent opposition he offered to the Roman Catholie reaction all around him. His most remarkable writings are Der Uebertritt des Herrn von Haller zur katholischen Kirche (1821), Protestantismus und Katholicismus aus dem Standpunkte der Politik betrachtet (1822), Das Reactionssystem (1824), Briefe eines Deutschen an die Herrn Chateaubriand, de Lamennais, etc. (published after his death, in

Tyt'ler (ALEXANDER FRASER), LORD WOODHOUSELEE, son of William, b. at Edinburgh, Scotland, Oct. 15, 1747; educated at Kensington and at the High School and Uni- | 1828, by Krug).

of Yaroslav, contains many fine buildings, among which are 24 churches, and has extensive tanneries and some other manufactories. P. 13,069.

U'grians, The, a Finnish tribe, inhabiting parts of the government of Tobolsk, Siberia, speak a primitive Finnic dialect, much mixed, however, with Tartaric elements, and occupy a very low stage of civilization. They are nominally Christians, but their religion is really a mixture of Christianity, Mohammedanism, and Shamanism. They are nomads, and hunting and fishing are their chief occupations.

Uh'lan, or Hulan [Tartar for "brave" or "youthful"], a soldier of certain corps of light cavalry. Uhlans are employed in the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and German armies. They were primarily recruited from the Turanian or Tartaric peoples: but at present the name is not indicative of any nationality or of any marked peculiarity of discipline, drill, or equipment.

Uh'land (JOHANN LUDWIG), b. at Tübingen Apr. 26, 1787 studied law at the university of his native city; practised in Stuttgart 1812-14; became a member of the Würtemberg assembly in 1819; was appointed professor of the German language and literature at Tübingen in 1830; sat in the national assembly of Frankfort in 1848.

U'kraine (the "frontier-land"), the name commonly given to that easternmost portion of Poland which, extending on both sides of the Dnieper along its middle course, and conquered by the Poles in 1320, formed the frontier of the Polish empire against the Tartars; it hardly ever signified a political division with precisely defined boundaries, but it soon became an apple of contention between Russia and Poland. In 1654 ten Cossack tribes settled on the eastern bank of the Dnieper fell off from the Polish crown, and surrendered themselves to Russian authority: and by the Treaty of Andrussow (1667), and finally by the Peace of Grzymultowsk (1686), this territory was ceded by the Poles and annexed to Russia under the name of Russian Ukraine, or Little Russia. The rest of the country, situated on the western bank of the Dnieper, remained with Poland, under the name of Polish Ukraine, until the second division of Poland, when Russia took the whole and divided

it up into various governments.

Ulcer and Ulceration [Gr. Axos; Lat. ulcus], the process of molecular death or disintegration occurring on the surfaces of the body at points where nutrition is low in consequence of local irritation or injury or defective circu

lation and bad states of the blood. Localized inflammation is often the determining cause of an ulcer, by locally oc

circulation and nutrition; thus, the canker is often an ulcer in the mouth due to stomatitis; the ulcerated tonsil has been

D. at Tübingen Nov. 13, 1862. His first poems were pub-cluding the capillaries and arresting or weakening local lished in magazines in 1806; the first collection appeared in 1815, and this volume, subsequently enlarged, had in 1868 reached its 52d ed. His two dramas, Herzog Ernst von Schwaben (1817) and Ludwig der Bayer (1819), are interesting, but his ballads and lyrical poems, enriching the German literature with a new type, a new model, made the poet the head of a particular school, the so-called Suabian school. Of great value also are his scientific researches: Veber das altfranzösische Epos (1812), Ueber Walther ron der Vogeleide (1822), Ueber den Mythus der nordischen Sagenlehre vom Thor (1836), and his excellent collection of Alte hoch- und niederdeutscher Volkslieder (2 vols., 1844–45). It was, however, not so much his scientific labors which turned away his productivity from poetry as his very active participation in politics after 1819, in which field he played a conspicuous and noble part. Most of his poems have been translated into English, some by Longfellow, others by Alexander Platt (1848), by W. W. Skeat (1864), and by W. C. Sanders (1869). (See Ludwig Uhland ein Gabe für Freunde, zum 26. April, 1865, by Emilie Uhland.)

Uhrich (JOHN JAMES ALEXIS), b. at Pfalzburg, Germany, Feb. 15, 1802; educated at Military Academy of St. Cyr, France; became sub-lieutenant 3d artillery in campaign of 1823 in Spain; was transferred to the African army in 1831; remained in this service about twenty years, and attained the rank of brigadier-general in 1852; served with great distinction in the Crimean war, where he became general of division, and in Italy in 1859; became grand officer of the Legion of Honor in 1862; transferred to the reserve in 1867; resumed active service at beginning of war between France and Germany; commanded at Strasburg, which was captured by the Germans Sept. 27, 1870; author of Documents relatifs au Siège de Strasbourg (1872).

Uh'richsville, R. R. junction, Tuscarawas co., O. (see map of Ohio, ref. 4-H, for location of county). Coal is mined near here. P. in 1870, 1541; in 1880, 2790.

Uigurs. See TURKS.

Uintah (or Uinta) Mountains. See ROCKY MOUNTAINS, by MAJOR J. W. POWELL.

Uist, North and South, two islands of the Outer Hebrides, belonging to Scotland. North Uist is 17 miles long and from 3 to 10 miles broad, with 3034 inhabitants. South Uist is 20 miles long and 7 miles broad, with 3406 inhabitants. Both islands are high and rocky, and ill suited for agriculture; fishing is the principal occupation of the inhabitants, who are generally poor.

Ujhely-Satoral'ja, town of Hungary, celebrated for the excellent wine which is cultivated and the fine marble which is quarried in its vicinity. P. 7200.

Ujiji, a place in Africa, consisting of a number of mud huts, and situated on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, in a district of the same name, in lat. 4° 58′ 3′′ S., lon. 30° 4' 30" E., became noted as the point where Stanley met Livingstone Nov. 10, 1871.

Ukase' [Russ, ookáz, from kasatj, to "speak"], an order, legislative or administrative, issued by the Russian autoerat or his senate. Both have the force of laws, and as such are duly collected and codified.

Ukiah, city, cap. of Mendocino co., Cal. (see map of California, ref. 3-A, for location of county), 100 miles N. W. of Sacramento, has an academy, brewery, a mill, etc. The surrounding country is picturesque, and the climate very healthy. P. in 1880, 933.

previously inflamed, either acute or chronic. Sluggish venous circulation often causes ulcers, as ulcers upon the legs from varicose veins or weak circulation of the aged: ulcers upon hæmorrhoids, or varicosity of the anus. When wounds have failed to heal promptly, their border and surface may take on the ulcerative process, and become bathed with a weak watery serum containing black granular detritus. The presence of foreign substances, as a splinter in the flesh or dead bone in a limb, creates secondary ulcers. Pressure and constant irritation are causes, as upon the feet from ill-fitting boots, and bed-sores from long lying. Lowered nerve-tone and depressed temperature favor ulceration, the paralyzed limb easily ulcerating. Ulcers are classed as-(1) Simple or healthy ulcers, if the term is not a misnomer-that is, ulcers having a healthful tendency to heal. (2) Weak ulcers, lacking the florid color and healing tendhealth of the subject. (3) Indolent ulcers; often all recuency of the first class; they often result from the debilitated perative power is lost; usually the border is thickened and elevated, and may be indurated. (4) Irritable ulcers are painful, and may bleed upon touch. (5) Inflamed ulcers. Ulcers are liable to become inflamed upon slight local irritation or derangement of the blood, use of alcohol, and exposure to cold. (6) Sloughing ulcers, conditions often following the inflamed ulcer or very low states of health. (7) Serpiginous ulcers, when some specific vice of the blood gives it a tendency to spread, and it pursues a tortuous, serpentine course. (8) Specific ulcers, with undermined edges, due to primary deposits beneath the skin, which soften and discharge upon the surface.

The simple ulcer needs simply to be kept clean and protected by any bland cooling lotion or ointment; the weak and indolent requires stimulating applications; the indurated often requires the incision of its thickened borders or removal by strapping with plaster; the inflamed ulcer calls for cold and evaporating lotions-the sloughing for antisepties. In all forms the diet must be rich, the appetite maintained by tonics, and the blood enriched by iron and often alteratives. E. DARWIN HUDSON, JR. REVISED BY WILLard Parker. U'leaborg, town of Russia, province of Finland, at the entrance of the Uleå into the Gulf of Bothnia, was founded in 1610, and almost entirely destroyed by fire in 1822, but was rapidly rebuilt, and carries on an active trade in pitch, tar, timber, and salt fish. P. 9705.

Ule'ma [Arab., "wise"], in Mohammedan countries, a judge of the law and of religion. Strictly, the name is plural, including, as a class term, all muftis, mollabs, cadis, and indeed all who are learned in religion and the law. These are designated, in a body, the ulema.

Ulex. See FURZE.

Ul'fila, or Wulfila [that is, "Little Wolf;" grecized, Ulphilas], b. in 318 among the pagan Visigoths, at that time settled on the northern bank of the Danube in the Dacian territories, and descended from a Christian family which half a century earlier, in the time of Valerianus and Gallienus, had been carried away by the Goths as captives from the village of Sadagolthina, near the city of Parnassus in Cappadocia. Thus he was educated in Christianity, and learned both the Gothic and the Greek language. In 348 he was consecrated bishop among the Goths, and so great was his success in converting them to Christianity that their chief, Athanaric, became alarmel and instituted persecutions. In consequence, Ulfila left

by the Chinese garrison, the former by inhabitants who are partly Chinese and partly Mongolian. The Mongolian

in tents. Since 1868 it has repeatedly been visited by Rus-
sians, but it has not been possible to establish any com-
mercial relations with it, as the Dungan rebels from Urumtsi
have several times occupied the city.
EMIL SCHLAGINTWEIT.

Ullathorne (Right Rev. WILLIAM BERNARD), D. D., O. S. B., b. at Pocklington, Yorkshire, England, May 7, 1806; educated at St. Gregory's College, near Bath; entered the priesthood and became a missionary to Australia in 1832; labored earnestly among the convicts, and was appointed vicar-general there. He was the first Catholic priest that visited Norfolk Island; became Catholic bishop of the colony, and was influential in stopping transportation to the penal colonies. He returned to England, and built a large church at Coventry; became vicar-apostolic of the western district; was consecrated bishop of Hetalona, in partibus, June 21, 1846; was transferred to the central district July 28, 1848, and translated to the see of Birmingham Sept. 29, 1850. Among his published works are Horrors of Transportation (1838), The Immaculate Conception (1854), Mr. Gladstone's Expostulation Unravelled (1875), and a course of lectures on The Groundwork of the Christian Virtues (1882).

Ullmann (KARL), b. at Epfenbach, Baden, Mar. 15, 1796 studied theology at Heidelberg and Tübingen; lived in friendly intercourse with Hegel and Daub; afterward with Schleiermacher and Neander, was appointed professor at Heidelberg in 1821; founded in 1828, together with Umbreit, the Theologische Studien und Kritiken, which is still the principal representative of that school of German theology which believes in, and tries to work out, a complete reconciliation between Christianity and the modern culture; went to Halle in 1829, but returned to Heidelberg in 1836; was made president of the chief ecclesiastical council of Baden in 1856, but resigned this office in 1860 and retired into private life. D. at Karlsruhe Jan. 12, 1865. His principal writings are Gregor von Nazianz (1825), Historisch oder mythisch? directed against Strauss (1838), The Worship of Genius (1840; translated into English 1846). Reformers before the Reformation (2 vols., 1841; translated into English by Robert Menzies, 1855), Apologetic View of the Sinless Character of Jesus (1841; translated into English in the same year and afterward again from the sixth German edition), Ueber das Wesen des Christenthums (1845).

the Goths in 350, accompanied by a large congregation of converts, and received permission of the East Roman emperor, Constantius, to settle in the neighborhood of Nicop-nomads who visit the city during the time of the fair live olis, at the foot of Mount Hamus in Lower Moesia. Here the Gothic colony flourished, and was much increased by immigration from the mother-tribe, for the work begun among the Goths by Ulfila was not stopped by Athanaric's persecution. New and still severer persecutions occurred, which show that the christianization of the people was still going on, and a century later the whole nation, not only the Visigoths, but also the Ostrogoths, appears to have adopted Christianity. This was chiefly the result of Ulfila's exertions. He was the apostle of the Goths. They adopted his creed, Arianism; they drew their spiritual nourishment from his translation of the Bible; and in all their numerous conflicts with the Roman emperors he acted as a mediator. It was with regard to the Goths settled within the boundaries of the East Roman empire that the emperor Theodosius convoked the Council of Constantinople (343) for the purpose of establishing a reconciliation between Arianism and the Nicene creel. The plan failed, however; the council decided in favor of the Nicene view, and Ulfila was declared a heretic. He was present at the council, and died in Constantinople in the year 388. The few particulars of his life that have come down to us are due to one of his disciples, Auxentius, bishop of Dorostorus (Silistria); they are generally corroborated by the stray notices found in Philostorgius, Basilius, Socrates, and other writers. (See Waitz, Ueber das Leben und die Lehre des Ullas (1840), and Bessel, Ueber das Leben des Ulfilas und die Bekehrung der Gothen zum Christenthum (1860).) According to Auxentius, Ulfila was a prolific writer, but his principal work, and the only one which has come down to us, is his translation of the Bible into Gothie. For the Old Testament he used the Septuagint, for the New some Greek manuscript not known now; and for the transcribing of his work he had to invent a new alphabet, which he ingeniously composed of Gothic runes and Greek letters. This translation, which was well known in the Christian world between the fourth and the eighth century, and is frequently mentioned by Christian authors of that period, accompanied the Goths in all their wanderings through Italy, Gaul, and Spain, but in the ninth century it disappeared, together with the language and national existence of the people; and it remained unknown and forgotten till the latter part of the sixteenth century, when Arnold Mercator discovered, in the abbey of Werden, a fragment of it containing the four Gospels. It was the so-called Codex Argenteus, written with silver letters on purple parchment. (See PRINTING.) Somehow, it was transferred from Werden to Prague, and thence the Swedes carried it as spoil in 1648 to Upsal, where it is still preserved, and where it was published in an exact reprint by Andreas Uppström (1854-57). In 1818 another important fragment of the work, containing nearly the whole of the Epistles of St. Paul, was discovered on some palimpsests by Cardinal Mai and Count Castiglioni in the Lombardian monastery of Bobbio, and published at Milan (1819-39). Thus, the larger portion of the New Testament has been restored, but of the Old Testament only a few passages from Ezra and Nehemiah have come to light. The question of the worth of this work, considered as a translation of the Bible, has been thrown entirely in the background by the circumstance that the work is the only, or nearly the only, existing remnant of the Gothic language. On the Bobbio palimpsests some fragments were discovered of a paraphrase of the Gospels, probably from the sixth century; they were published by Massman, Skeireins airaggeljons thairh Johannen (Munich, 1834). Some few other scraps have been found, and collected editions of all that remains of Gothic literature, accompanied by grammars and dictionaries, have been given by Von der Gabelentz and Löbe (2 vols., Leipsic, 1843-46) and by Stamm (Paderborn, 1858), the 5th ed. of which appeared in 1872, revised by Moritz Heine. But, besides being the only remnant of any importance of the Gothic language, Ulfila's translation of the Bible is the oldest monument of any of the Teutonic languages, and is consequently a document of paramount linguistic importance. It shows that the Gothic language, although closely related to the Icelandic, Anglo-Saxon, old High German, etc., occupied an entirely independent position among the other branches of the Teutonic family; and by this, its independent development, the Gothic language has been enable i to throw light on many peculiar features in the Teutonic languages.

CLEMENS PETERSEN.

Ullo'a, de (ANTONIO), F. R. S., b. at Seville, Spain, Jan. 12, 1716; educated in the naval service; became lieutenant of the royal marine guards 1735, in which year he was sent to South America with Don Jorge Juan and a commission of the French Academy to measure a degree of the meridian in Peru; spent ten years in South America, making extended journeys, and being employed to fortify the Pacific coast against an anticipated attack by Lord Anson's expedition; embarked for Spain Oct., 1744; was captured by the British and carried a prisoner to London; obtained his liberty through the intervention of several scientific gentlemen; was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and communicated to it several papers embodying results of his observations in South America; aided his companion Juan in the preparation of a narrative of their travels (Madrid, 4 vols., 1748), which appeared in French, German, and English translations, the latter under the title A Voyage to South America (2 vols., 1772; 4th ed. 1806); was instrumental in establishing the royal woollen manufactories and in the reform of the colleges of history and surgery, and superintended the completion of the basins of Ferrol and Cartagena; made a second visit to South America 1755; became the first Spanish governor of Louisiana 1766, but was unable to establish his government, and was soon driven away by the riots of the French population of New Orleans; published Entretenimientos Fisico-historicos sobre la America Meridional (1772) and a volume of Observations of a Solar Eclipse made at Sea (1778): rose to be lieutenant-general in the naval service; was entrusted in 1779 with the command of a squadron destined to capture an English merchant fleet and to rendezvous at Havana for an attack upon the British settlements in Florida, but, being absorbed in astronomical investigations, forgot to open his sealed orders, and returned after two months without having effected anything; was court-martialled in 1780 and acquitted, but was never again employed in active naval service. D. in the isle of Leon, near Cadiz, July 3, 1795.

Ulloa, de (FRANCISCO), b. in Spain about the beginning of the sixteenth century; went to New Spain shortly after its conquest: was a lieutenant of Cortez in his explorations of the Pacific coast, and commanded the expe.

1