vateering, 180; thwarts attempt
of British and French ministers
to act jointly, 180, 181; official
explanation to Adams and Day-
ton, 182; special instructions to
Adams concerning mediation,
183; to Dayton concerning for-
eign interference, 183; attitude
of the government toward for-
eign nations recognizing bellig-
erency of the insurgents, 183,
184; question of effective or
paper blockade, 185, 186; desire
to avert a foreign war the rea-
son for opposing recognition of
insurgents, 186; plan concerning
recognition of belligerency, 187;
reasons why the United States
should accede to declaration of
Paris, 188 ff.; accession of United
States to, equally binding on
Confederacy, 189; replies to
British and French objections
to signing the convention, 192,
193; policy toward neutrals, 195;
learns of Bunch's negotiations,
199; instructs Adams to request
that Bunch be removed, 200;
upholds the rights and dignity
of the United States, 200, 201
and n.; requests recall of Rus-
sian consul at Charleston, 203;
believed by Europe to be count-
ing on foreign war, 203; state-
ments to Lyons concerning
blockade, 206; reply concerning
Charleston blockade, 207, 208;
fears of intervention, 210, 211;
not cast down by Bull Run, 211;
circular letter to governors, 212,
213; reviews Thouvenel's plan
for obtaining cotton, 214, 215;
replies to Thouvenel, 215-219;
plan to influence European pub-
lic opinion, 220, 221; regarded
as unfriendly to Great Britain,
224-226.

The Trent affair.--In Trent affair,
223-253; wins President and
Cabinet to his views on Trent

affair, 235, 236; argument in
Trent affair, 237-242; its influ-
ence, 243, 244; writes to Weed
of his course in the Trent affair,
244, 245; letter to Mrs. Seward
on public opinion, 244, 245;
grants permission to land Brit-
ish troops and munitions of war
in United States, 245; argument
in Trent affair judged, 246-252;
"rejoinder" to Russell's reply,
251; result accomplished, 253.
Seward and political prisoners.—
Reply to suggestion of Hicks,
254, 255; warned and criticised,
255 n. ; plan to prevent secession
of Maryland, 256; in supreme
control of political prisoners,
258, 280; system, 259-263, 276–
279; cases of Gwin, Morehead,
Faulkner, and Jones, 264-269;
cases of Stanley and Ward, 269–
270; treatment of ex-President
Pierce, 271-275; comments and
conclusions, 276–280.

Seward and the question of Euro-
pean intervention, 1862-1863.-
Stone - fleet a temporary ex-
pedient, 283; fears interven-
tion early in 1862, 284; ac-
tivity and misrepresentation
after McClellan's campaign, 287;
warnings against intervention,
288, 289; August 2, 1862, in-
structions to Adams on inter-
vention, 294-296; opinion of
Mercier, 298 and n.; attitude of
France toward North and South,
299-301; value of warnings
against recognition, 305; con-
tinues to insist upon absolute
sovereignty, 308, 309; treatment
of France's proposal to Great
Britain and Russia, 309; reply
to Napoleon's proposition of
January, 1863, 312, 313; various
expressions against European
intervention, 315.

Seward's treatment of slavery and
foreign relations.-Slavery a do-

mestic affair and not involved |
in the war, 317, 318; his incon-
sistency, 318; theory as to para-
mount issue, approved, 319; re-
plies to Schurz, 324-327; de-
nounced as Lincoln's evil genius,
327; views on slavery and for-
eign relations, 328-330; sur-
prised by Lincoln's change of
policy, 333; comment on Lin-
coln's plan of compensated
emancipation, 333; fears result
of emancipation, 333-335; sug-
gestion of delay accepted, 335;
questions Motley, 336; sugges-
tions as to provisions of prelimi-
nary proclamation, 336, 337;
on the preliminary proclama-
tion, 337, 338; receives Jay's
suggestions as to treaty for the
suppression of the slave-trade,
343, 344; exclamation on ratifi-
cation of treaty against the
slave-trade, 344, 345; unfavora-
ble to colonizing free negroes,
345, 346 and n.; circular de-
spatch to United States Minis-
ters on colonization, 346, 347;
attitude toward slavery ex-
plained, 347, 348.

Some miscellaneous activities and
trials. His egotism and activity,
349, 350; activity in connection
with War Department, 350-353;
device by which 300,000 recruits
were procured, 352-353; rela-
tions with Welles and Navy De-
partment, 353-355; relations
with Departments of Justice
and the Treasury, 355, 356;
plan of filling offices, 356; re-
lations with the Post-office De-
partment, 357; relations with
Lincoln, 357, 358; leader of con-
servative Unionists, 358; blamed
for failures of 1861, 359; receives
credit for management of Trent
affair, 360; some opinions ex-
plained, 360; attacked by radi-
cals, 363-365; despatch of July

5th, 1862, about extreme advo-
cates, 365; effort of Republican
Senators to cause Seward's re-
moval, 366, 367; Mercier's trip
to Richmond, 370-372; some
traits, 373.

Blockade-running and building Con-
federate war- ships. — Trade at
Matamoras, 378, 379; on right
to prevent the export of contra-
band articles, 379, 380; thinks
British government should check
blockade-running, 380-382; in-
structions as to Alabama claims,
385, 386; on capture of Jacob
Bell, 386; warning as to rams,
388; end of peaceful resources,
390; favored privateers, 391;
subtle inconsistencies, 392; in-
structions to Dayton about
Confederate ships, 395-397; one-
war-at-a-time policy, 397,
398; well-chosen methods of
negotiation, 399; speech, July,
1863, 400, 401; egotism, 400, 401;
writes proclamation calling for
day of thanksgiving, 401; speech
at Gettysburg, 402; gives up
presidential aspirations, 403–
405; jocose letter about candi-
dacy for presidential nomina-
tion in 1864, 404; on convention
of 1864, 406; sounds keynote of
campaign of 1864, 408; goes to
Hampton Roads conference, 411-
413; favors compensated eman-
cipation, 414; on course of events
early in 1865, 415, 416; carriage
accident, 416; attempted assas-
sination of, 417; on plots and
conspiracies for assassination,
418.

Attitude toward French intervention
in Mexico. His most perfect
achievement in diplomacy, 419;
declines to become party to
London convention, 421, 422;
recognizes right of powers to
make war on Mexico, 422; in-
structions to Dayton, March 31,

1862, 425; advantage of one-
war-at-a-time policy, 426, 427;
declines to recognize Maximil-
ian, 427; opinion of House reso→
lutions and President's policy,
429, 430; purpose as to France
during 1863 and 1864, 430; on
importance of avoiding war with
France, 430, 431; on a peaceable
solution of the Mexican ques-
tion, 432, 433; keeps France
balanced between her hopes
and fears, 432; disorganizes
military plans to expel the
French from Mexico, 435; un-
published private letters to
Bigelow about Mexican affairs,
435 n.3; becomes more peremp-
tory with France, 436, 437; ulti-
matum to France, 437; cables
refusal to allow French troops
to delay departure, 439; pre-
vents departure of Austrian
troops for Mexico, 440, 441; up-
holds Monroe doctrine, but does
not mention it, 441, 442.
Seward's part in reconstruction.—
His magnanimity during recon-
struction period, 444, 448; eager
to resume work, 445, 446; has
important tasks to perform, 448;
speaks in Auburu during cam-
paign of 1865, 449; declarations
in regard to reconstruction,
449, 450; good opinion of John-
son, 451, 452; proclamation an-
nouncing ratification of the
XIII. Amendment, 452; speech
in New York city February 22,
1866, in defence of presidential
plan, 453-455; opinions ex-
pressed to Norton and Godkin
about reconstruction, 455-457
n.; speech in Auburn, May 22,
1866, 456, 457; explanation of
attitude of, in regard to recon-
struction, 458; entertains Ten-
nessee delegation, 459; relation
to the Philadelphia convention
of August, 1866, 459; swinging-

around-the-circle trip, 460-463;
estimate of Douglas, 461, 462;
how regarded by contempo-
raries, 462, 463; supposed to
have helped prepare veto of
tenure-of-office bill, 465; opinion
of the attempt to impeach John-
son, 466; in campaign of 1863,
467, 468; relations with Lincoln
and Johnson regarding recon-
struction, 468, 469.

As territorial expansionist.-Aspi-
rations for territorial expansion,
470 ff.; expects City of Mexico
to become capital of the United
States, 471; counter-prophecies
concerning Canada, 472; desires
expansion by peaceful means
only, 473; the purchase of Alas-
ka, 474-479; negotiations for
purchase of St. Thomas, etc., 481–
486; trip to West Indies, 481, 482;
unwilling to consult inhabitants
of St. Thomas, etc., as to annex-
ation, 483; Washburn's opinions
of, in regard to territorial acqui-
sitions, 485 n.; opposed by Grant
regarding St. Thomas, 486; at-
tempt to annex Santo Domingo,
486-489; wishes to annex Ha-
waii, 489; acts of, judged, 490,
491.

Alabama Claims and some traits as
Secretary of State. Alabama
claims must be insisted on, 385,
386, 492, 493; formally presents
Alabama claims and complains
of recognition of Confederate
belligerency, 494, 495; rejoinder
to Stanley, 496; urges settlement
of naturalization, boundary, and
Alabama claims questions, 496;
instructions to Reverdy John-
son, 498; disappointment on
account of defeat of Johnson-
Clarendon convention, 500; per-
sonal appearance,

appearance, 500, 501;
Dicey's description of, 501, 513;
habits of work, etc., 501; dic-
tates his despatches after 1865,

of first national convention to
nominate presidential candi-
date, 48; reports on the New
York schools, 99.

Spencer, Joshua A., i., 113.
Spoils system, i., 78–85.
Stanley, Lord, replies to Seward,
ii., 495, 496.

Stanley, Marcus C., political pris-
oner, ii., 269, 270.
Stanton, Edwin M., order of Feb-
ruary 14, 1862, ii., 257 n.; efforts
to counteract failure of McClel-
lan's Peninsular campaign, 352;
difficulties with Johnson, 466.
Stanton, F. P., i., 440, 441, 443.
State, Department of, ii., 151, 152;
foreign diplomatic service, 152–
154.

State disunion convention, call for,
i., 434.

Stephens, Alexander H., regrets

the President's policy, i., 223;
at Hampton Roads conference,
ii., 411-414.

Stevens, Thaddeus, ii., 358.
Stewart, Alvan, i., 139.
Stilwell, charged with plagiarism,
i., 55.

Stoeckl, Edward de, ii., 117; efforts
to act the part of peacemaker,
135 n.; notified by Seward that
Barnwell's exequatur would be
revoked, 203; part in the sale of
Alaska, 474–477.

Summers, George W., ii., 103, 120.
Sumner, Charles, i., 298; moves

repeal of fugitive-slave law, 307;
Missouri compromise to be re-
spected in Nebraska's constitu-
tion, 337; speech against slavery,
410; attacked by Preston S.
Brooks, 411; proceedings in the
Senate thereon, 411-415; com-
ments on Seward's speech of Jan-
nary 31, 1856, 489; "The Barbar-
ism of Slavery," 505, 506; on
principles vs. forts, ii., 12; ad-
vice on Trent affair, 229, 236 n.;
attends Cabinet conference on

Trent affair, 235; Seward's sever-
est critic in diplomacy and on
slavery question, 365; opposes
issuing letters of marque, 391;
champions purchase of Alaska,
478; his caveat as to territorial
expansion, 478 n.

Sumter, the, its record, ii., 382.

TALLMADGE, NATHANIEL P., i., 37 ;
replies to Seward's speech on
Bank of the United States, 42;
writes to Seward deprecating
delay, ii., 255 n.

Taney, Roger B., issues writ of
habeas corpus for Merryman, ii.,
256; opinion in Merryman case,
257.

Tariff on iron imported for rails,
Mason on, ii., 47; Douglas ou,
47; Hale on, 47, 48; Seward on,
48.

Taylor, Zachary, i., 155–159; Whig
presidential nominee, 159; pre-
vents expedition against Cuba,
218; presidential policy, 270-
272; death, 278.

Tehuantepec, proposed route
through, i., 478–482.

Tenure-of-office act, ii., 464, 465.
Texas question, i., 143–149, 155.
Thomas, Lorenz≈, ii., 466.
Thouvenel, Edouard A., ii., 164

declares right of de facto govern-
ments to recognition, 168; condi-
tions upon which France would
sign the convention with the
United States, 191; on Trent
affair, 231; instructions to Mer-
cier on Trent affair, 235, 282; on
cotton famine, 285; "Union
could not be restored," 305;
succeeded by Drouyn de Lhuys,
307.

Throop, Judge, i., 27; defeats
Granger, 35; approves abolition
of imprisonment for debt, 46.
Times, London, on Trent affair,
ii., 224.

Times, New York, ii., 121, 122; on