Henry, 125; impeded in Canada, 126;
defense of Quebec, 127; death, 127.
Monterey, taken by Taylor, 447.
Monterey, the, at Manila, 792.
Montgomery, Colonel, against the Cherokees,
130.
Montgomery, Richard, in Canada, 184.
Montgomery, Ala., confederacy organized
at, 511.
Montreal, site discovered, 36; attempt to
take, 116; taken by British, 128; position
of, 321; expedition against, 322.
Moravians, settlements of, 147.
Morgan, General, at Cowpens, 208; pur-
sued by Tarleton, 209; retreat of, 209.
Morgan, J. P., system of banks, 740; and
bond sales under Cleveland, 756-757.
Morgan, William, against masonry, 403.
Morgan, Fort, taken, 571.
Morris, Gouverneur, and union, 223; min-
ister to England, 262; minister to France,
ing on post-revolutionary trade, 226;
receding, 416.
Navy, in the revolution, 204-206; against
France, 279, 281; seize French ships,
281; department of, created, 281; Jefferson,
and, 293; in war with Tripoli, 295; war
party favors, 319; condition of in 1812,
320, 326; naval warfare, 326-329; new
ships, 327, 328; after war of 1812, 363;
federal, in the civil war, 569-571; at New
Orleans, 529; liberal appropriations under
Harrison, 727.
Nebraska, demand for a territory of,
486.
Neesima, J. H., work in Japan, 775.
Negroes. See Freedmen, 601.
Negro troops, 573; as prisoners, 573-574.
Neutrality proclamation, 266.
Nevada, settled, 677; state and territory,
677, 680.
New Amsterdam. See New York.
Morris, Robert, superintendent of finances, Newburg address, the, 223.
228.
Morris, Captain, in Tripolitan war, 295.
Morse, invents telegraph, 465.
Morton, L. P., vice-president, 722.
Morton, O. P., influence at Washington,
633; and renomination of Grant, 653.
Motley, J. L., recall of, 645.
Moultrie, Col., defends Charleston, 183.
"Mound Builders," the, 12.
Mounds, 12.
"Mulligan Letters," 717.
Murfreesboro, Buel, at, 529; battle of,
Murray, suggests treaty with France, 282.
Napoleon, and Louisiana, 297; and Florida,
302; restrictions on American trade, 307-
309; hoodwinks Madison, 316.
Narvaez, explorations of, 38.
Nashville Convention, 457.
Nashville, battle of, 539.
New England, council of, 61, 62; and New
Hampshire, 70; the town, 134; life in, 137;
trade in, 142; 163; religion in, 148, 150;
education, 153; local government in, 156;
privateers, 205; British sympathy in,
331, 335-338; ignored by agricultural
states, 335; hopes from Canada, 335;
migration westward, 341; rise of manu-
factures, 349; disestablishment in, 355:
and the tariff, 385, 386-387.
New England confederation, origin of, 71;
constitution of, 71; decay of, 71.
New France, condition of, 1628, 112; explored,
III; settled, 112; Jesuits in, 113; and
Indian trade, 121; in the Ohio valley, 121.
New Haven, settled, 69; government of, 69;
united with New Haven, 80.
New Hampshire, early history, 62, 70; falls
to Massachusetts, 70; and the Dominion of
New England, 94; and the revolution,
97; ratifies the constitution, 248.
Nast, Thomas, in campaign of 1872, 649. New Jersey, created, 81, 85; East and West
National republicans, 403.
National silver party, 761.
Native American movement, 462.
Naturalization, law of 1795, 283; law of
1798, 283; law of 1802, 283.
Jersey, 85; granted to Duke of York, 85;
Quaker control, 85; and the Dominion
of New England, 94; and the revolution,
97; campaign in, 191; tories in, 191; recov-
ered, 192; ratifies the constitution, 247.
Natural resources, 4-11; preservation of, New London, taken by Arnold, 212.
Nature, influence of, 1.
Navigation Acts, ordinance of 1651, 78;
later acts, 81; in practice, 143; evaded,
144; to be enforced, 163; and the revolu-
New Mexico, attempt of Polk to purchase,
446; occupied by Kearney, 448; not made
a territory, 453; made a territory, 455,
457; mining in, 678; territory and state,
680; statehood granted, 851.
tion, 163; and Massachusetts, 170; bear-New Netherland. See New York.
New Orleans, campaign of, 332-334; capture
of, 529; Mafia riots at, 767.
Newport, Captain Christopher, in Virginia,
46, 48.
Newport, held by British, 192; siege of, 200.
Newspaper ownership, 842.
New York, explored and settled by Dutch,
72; patroon system, 73; disorders in, 73;
Indian wars, 73; government, 74; Eng-
lish settlers on Long Island, 75; acquired
by the English, 75; government, 83;
conquered by Dutch, 84; struggle for
an assembly, 84; and the Dominion of
New England, 94; Leisler revolution,
96, 102 governor's salary, 102; contest
for assembly, 103; money votes in, 103,
104; religion in, 152; mixed form of local
government, 156; "Duke's Law," 157;
stamp act congress, 167; resents quar-
tering troops, 169; assembly suspended,
170; operations around, 188-191; attitude
in constitutional convention, 244; ratifies
the constitution, 249; and parties, 270;
settlement of western, 341; constitutional
reform in, 473; public schools in, 477.
New York, the, 800, 801.
New York Central system, development of,
733, 734.
Niagara, Fort, expedition against, 124;
captured, 126; Indian treaty at, 132.
Nicaragua, canal through, 815, 816, 817.
Nicholson, Sir Francis, governor of New
York, 95, 96.
Nicolls, Col. Richard, governor of New York,
75; takes New Amsterdam, 76; approves
the "Duke's Laws," 83.
Ninety-six, 210, 211.
Nomination, presidential, by convention,
404; significance of, 404. See Caucus.
Non-importation, 1765, 167; revived, 170;
employed in 1774, 179; act of 1806, 309.
Non-slaveholders, 469.
Norfolk, burned, 186.
Norsemen, discoveries by, 234.
North and South, relative strength of,
518.
North, Lord, colonial policy of, 171; duty
on tea, 173; offers compromise, 1778, 199;
resigns, 214.
North Carolina, discovered by Spaniards,
31; colony at Roanoke Island, 42; settle-
ment of, 82; name, 82, 83; evolution of,
106; Cary rebellion, 107; Indian wars,
107; sale to crown, 107; quitrents, 107;
controversy over county representation,
135; trade, 143; race elements in, 146,
147; religion in, 151; resists stamp act,
168; Mecklenburg resolves, 180; loyalists
in, 182; regulators, 183; battle of Moore's
Creek, 183; authorizes independence,
186; against nullification, 410; Cornwallis
in, 208-210; American retreat in, 209;
ratifies the constitution, 249; and parties,
271; constitutional reform in, 474;
"free schools" in, 477; federal operations
in, 570; reconstructed by Johnson, 600;
readmitted, 624; Holden and martial
law, 631; republicans overthrown, 632.
North Dakota, a state, 748.
Northeast boundary adjusted, 437.
Northwest, conquered by Clark, 204.
Northwest Ordinance, the first, 232; the
second, 233; 343.
Nova Scotia, ceded to England, 129.
Novus Mundus; 32.
Nullification, and the Virginia-Kentucky
resolutions, 285-287; origin of, 385;
Calhoun's "Exposition," 387; the theory,
388; and Hayne-Webster debate, 399;
Georgia rejects, 400; attempt to execute,
407-410; ordinance of, 408; replevin act,
408; Jackson's proclamation, 409; sus-
pended, 410; compromise tariff, 410.
Oberlin College, antislavery center, 429.
Ocean currents, influence of, 2.
Oglethorpe, James, founds Georgia, 109;
governor, 109-110.
Ohio, French posts in, taken, 125; settlement
of, 232; territory of, 233; Indians at war,
262; lands opened to settlers, 263; settle-
ment of, 342; territory organized, 342;
population of, 343; admitted to union,
Ohio Company, 232, 342.
"Ohio Idea," the, 642.
Ohio valley, French in, 121, 122.
Okechobee Swamp, battle of, 467.
Oklahoma, 467.
Olney, secretary, his Venezuelan dispatch,
778.
Olympia, the, at Manila, 791.
Omnibus Bill, 457.
Opechancanough, 52.
Oquendo, the, 800, 801.
Orangeburg, 211.
Orders in Council, 308; repeal of, 319-320.
Oregon, explored by Lewis and Clark, 356;
condition of, 1841, 440; joint occupancy,
440; a political issue, 440; immigration to,
441; adjustment of the question, 445;
made a territory, 452; becomes a state,
463; disputed election returns of 1876,
655, 657; vote of in 1876, 696.
Oregon, the, around Cape Horn, 794; at | Peirpoint, F. H., government at Alexandria,
Santiago, 800, 801.
Orient, American diplomacy in, 822-824.
Orinoco river, discovered, 30.
Oriskany, battle of, 196.
Osceola, 466.
Oswald, British peace commissioner, 214.
Otis, Harrison Gray, at Hartford convention,
Otis, James, on American rights, 165; and
stamp act, 167; elected speaker, 169;
wounded, 172.
Pelican, the, Drake's ship, 41.
Pell's Point, 190.
Pemberton, General, defense of Vicksburg,
531; surrenders, 532.
Pendleton, G. H., financial ideas, 642; and
nomination of 1868, 642.
Pendleton act, 709.
Peninsular campaign, 545.
Penn, family, late history of, 106.
Penn, John, 106.
Outrages, Southern, 606; effects of, 606, Penn, William, interested in West Jersey,
625.
Pacific, diplomacy of the, 764; importance
of, 764.
Pacific Coast, harbors on, 3; Indians of, 15.
Pacific Ocean, discovered, 37.
Pacific railroad, and the Kansas-Nebraska
act, 486.
Paine, Thomas, "Common Sense," 186.
Pakenham, General, at New Orleans, 333.
Palo Alto, battle of, 447.
Panama, route adopted, 818; revolution in,
818-820; republic of, 820; canal treaty,
820; sanitation in, 821.
Panama congress, 383.
Panic of 1837, 432.
85; charter for Pennsylvania, 85; as a
colonizer, 85-88; colony lost and restored,
88; grants "charter of privileges," 104.
Pennsylvania, charter, 85; settled,
government, 86, 87; Indians conciliated,
86; Penn in the colony, 86, 87; boundary
controversy, 87, 97; political changes in,
104; new charter, 104; a militia organized,
105; Germans in, 146; Scotch-Irish in,
147; religion in, 152; university of, 154;
education in,154,477; ratifies constitution,
247; the whisky insurrection, 267-269;
parties in, 270; public schools in, 477.
Pennsylvania railroad, development of,
733, 734.
Pensacola, occupied, 332, 369.
Panic of 1857, 482; political effect of, 499. Pensions, policy of, 726; Tanner and, 749;
Panic of 1873, 666, 667.
Panic of 1893, 729, 739, 753.
Panic of 1903, 739, 831.
Paper money, in the colonies, 157; after the
revolution, 236; in Rhode Island, 236;
and the Shays's Rebellion, 236.
Paris, treaty of, 129.
Parker, Alton B., nominated for presidency,
832; at Baltimore convention, 846.
Parson's cause, 166.
Parties, Washington and, 269.
Patronage, influence of, 1828, 389; under
Jackson, 393. See Civil Service Reform,
and Appointments to Office.
law of 1912, 851.
People's party, organized, 752.
Pepperell, William, takes Louisburg, 120.
Pequots, war with, 70.
Perry, Oliver H., victory on Lake Erie,
324.
Perryville, battle of, 529.
Petersburg, siege of, 564, 566.
Petitions, antislavery, 431.
Philadelphia, founded, 86; population, 142;
culture of, 155; and tea duty, 175;
occupied by the British, 194, 199; evac-
uated, 200; congress forced to flee, 224;
seat of government at, 262.
Philadelphia, the, loss of, 293, 295, 296.
Patterson, plan of, in constitutional conven- Philip, King, war against whites, 92.
tion, 244.
Pawtucket, 349.
Payne-Aldrich bill, 837; political effects of,
837-838.
Peace, efforts to preserve, Crittenden com-
promise, 513; senate peace committee,
513; peace congress, 514.
Peace movement, confederate, 588.
Peach Tree Creek, battle of, 537.
Peacock, the, 327.
Pea Ridge, battle of, 542.
Philippines, acquired by treaty of peace,
805, 806; under Spanish authority, 809;
revolt of Aguinaldo, 809; government
established, 810-812; assembly of, 812;
population of, 811; tariff relations, 812;
friar lands, 812. See Filipinos.
Phillips, Captain, 802.
Phillips, Wendell, Johnson's charges against,
605.
Phips, Governor, salary controversy, 101;
fails against Quebec, 117.
Pickens, at Cowpens, 209; partisan leader, Poland committee, the, 649.
Pickens, Fort, relief of, 512.
Pickering, Judge, impeached, 294.
Pickering, Timothy, secretary of state, 271;
and Monroe's mission, 277, 278; desires
French war, 279; dismissed, 287; plots
with Burr, 300; and Rose, 315; and New
England discontent, 335-337-
Pickett's charge, 561-562.
Piedmont region of the South, 468.
Piegans, massacre of, 686.
Polk, James K., nominated, 442; elected,
443; his presidency, 445-452; and Oregon,
445; negotiations with Mexico, 446;
war with Mexico, 446-450.
Polly, the, case of, 307.
Pomeroy Circular, 584.
Ponce de Leon, 38.
Pontiac, at war with the whites, 131.
Pope, General, commands in Virginia, 550;
defeated at second Bull Run, 551-553;
as a commander, 553.
Pi rce, Franklin, elected president, 485; Popular sovereignty, defined, 454; in 1854,
attitude toward Kansas, 490.
Pike, Zebulon, explorations of, 356.
Pike's Pcak, named, 356.
Pilgrims, origin of, 59; in Leyden, 59; depart
for America, 60.
Pillow, Fort, taken, 574; negro prisoners at,
574.
Pinchot, Gifford, controversy with Ballinger,
838.
Pinckney, C. C., plan in constitutional
convention, 243; mission to France, 278-
280; command in new army, 281.
Pinckney, Thomas, Hamilton's plan to elect,
273.
Pinckney, William, in England, 309; makes
treaty, 310.
Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, 32.
Pitt, Fort, held against the Indians, 131.
Pitt, William, and the Seven Years' War,
124, 125, 129, 130; on stamp act, 168; ill-
ness, 169; pleads for colonies, 176.
Pitt, William, the younger, and American
trade, 307.
Pittsburg, importance of, 3, 4; Fort Duquesne
established, 122; efforts of English to
take, 122-123.
Plain, the interior, 1.
Platt, T. C., resigns senatorship, 704; returns
to senate, 704; for Blaine in 1884, 716;
as leader, 723.
Platt amendment, the, 807.
Plymouth, early history, 60-63; settlement
of, 60; early suffering in, 60; government
of, 61, 62; relation with Indians, 61; com-
mon stock, 61; religion of, 61; colony of,
60-63; charter and grant, 59, 61; con-
ditions of settlement, 60, 61; expansion,
62; government, 61, 62; reorganized, 62.
Plymouth Colony and New England Con-
federation, 71; and the Dominion of New
England, 94; joined with Massachusetts,
Plymouth Company, created, 45, 46.
Pocahontas, 52.
486, 488; in Lincoln-Douglas debate,
501.
Population, Virginia in 1616, 50; 1624, 51;
Maryland in 1660, 58; Plymouth Colony,
62; Massachusetts, 64; Philadelphia, 86;
of all the colonies, 1690, 100; in 1760, 101;
of South Carolina, 108; of North Carolina,
108; of New France, 113; colonial in 1760,
136; slaves in 1769; 139; Boston, 142;
Philadelphia, 142; New York, 142;
Charleston, 142; Baltimore, 142; growth,
1790-1815, 341; of Ohio, 343; of the
Northwest, 1820, 344; of Alabama and
Mississippi, 1820, 345; of North and
South, 1860, 461, 518; immigrants, 1860,
461; of slaves, 470; of Philippine Islands,
811.
Porter, FitzJohn, at second Bull Run, 552.
Porto Rico, taken by Americans, 801; and
the Spanish treaty, 805, 806; civil govern-
ment in, 814.
Port Royal, Acadia, captured, 117; taken
by English, 118.
Port Royal, S. C., seized, 570.
Portsmouth, N. H., branch bank at, 411;
treaty of, 824.
Portugal, African, explorations of, 25;
American explorations, 34.
Postal Savings Banks, 839.
Potomac, smuggling on the, 241.
Potter, Bishop, on political ideals, 723.
Powderly, T. V., 741.
Powhatan, 48, 52.
Prairies, the soil, 7.
Preble, Captain, in Tripolitan war, 295.
Presbyterian Church, 354; divided by slav-
ery, 472.
Presbyterians, in the colonies, 148; in Vir-
ginia, 151.
President, constitutional status, 251, 258;
war powers of, 585-586.
President, the, 295, 328; and Little Belt,
Privateers, in the revolution, 204; in the war Raleigh, Sir Walter, and colonization, 42–44.
Quakers, 353; in Massachusetts, 67, 68;
attitude toward oaths, 105; toward mili-
tary service, 105; in North Carolina,
107; in Virginia, 151.
Quay, M. S., as a leader, 723.
Quebec, site discovered, 36; founded, 112;
attempt to take, 1690, 116; Sir Hovenden
Walker's failure against, 118; taken by
Wolfe, 127; held by Murray, 128; be-
sieged by Montgomery and Arnold, 183.
"Quebec Act," 177.
Queen Anne's war, 118-119.
Queenstown, attacked, 323.
Queseda, Cuban leader, 782, 784.
Race, elements in colonies, 145-148.
Radicals, principles of, 597; Wade-Davis
bill, 598; Stanton and, 600; efforts against
Johnson, 605; and civil rights bill, 606;
and fourteenth amendment, 607; in con-
trol of congress, 608; and tenure-of-office
act, 611.
Railroads, early development, 464; construc-
tion after the war, 665; transcontinental,
680; Union Pacific, 680; Central Pacific,
680; Northern Pacific, 681; Atlantic and
Pacific, 681; Santa Fe, 682; Southern
Pacific, 682; Great Northern, 682; Con-
structing the Pacific roads, 682; land
grants abused, 682; combinations of,
732-735; in England, 732; combining
lines, 733; attempts at coöperation, 734;
Rall, Colonel, 192.
Rambouillet Decree, 316.
Randall, S. J., and the tariff, 714, 715, 721.
Randolph, Edmund, in constitutional con-
vention, 243; attorney-general, 257; sup-
ports Jefferson, 261; secretary of state,
Randolph, Edward, and navigation acts, 93;
hostile to the charters, 93, 94; influence
on the new charter, 97.
Randolph, John, at impeachment of Chase,
294; opposed to Jefferson, 301; opposed
to Yazoo men, 301, 302; shorn of his
strength, 302, 303; supports Monroe, 302.
Rawdon, Lord, at Camden, 207; at Hob-
kirk's Hill, 210; in Charleston, 251.
Reciprocity, Blaine secures, 725; McKinley
on, 829; Canadian, 841, 842.
Reconstruction, question comes up in con-
gress, 585; two kinds, 594; theories of
status, 595; Lincoln's plan, 596-599;
Wade-Davis bill, 597-598; attitude of
South, 1865, 601, 602, 619; committee
on, 605; freedmen's bureau bill, 605;
civil rights bill, 606; the radical program,
609-611; acts of 1867, 609-611; acts
enforced in the South, 622-625.
Redemptioners, 146.
Red river expedition, 542.
Reed, Thomas B., on the tariff of 1883, 715;
as leader, 723; speaker, 724; breaks down
obstruction, 724.
Registration, Southern, 623.
Regulators, in North Carolina, 183.
Reid, Whitelaw, nominated for vice-presi-
dency, 749.
Religion, in Virginia, 46; in Maryland, 53;
Maryland Toleration Act, 57; and the
franchise in Massachusetts, 65; perse-
cutions in Massachusetts, 65-68; perse-
cution in New Netherland, 74; in the
colonies, 148-152; work of the churches,
148; in New England, 148; Witchcraft,
149; "Halfway Covenant," 150; the
"Great Awakening," 150; freedom in
Rhode Island, 151; Anglican Church, in
New England, 148; in the South, 151;
British Toleration Act, 152; treatment of
Catholics, 152; "Saybrook Platform."
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