Battle of Franklin, 348 to 350.-The Defenses of Nashville, 351.-Battle of Nash-
ville, 352 to 356.-Pursuit of the Confederates, 357 to 362.-Losses in the Campaign,
362, 363.
The Stages of Grant's Campaign in Virginia, 364.-Preliminary Movements, 365, 366.
-Strength of the opposing Armies, 367.-Grant's Orders for the Advancę, 368.—
The Battle of the Wilderness, 369 to 374.-Spottsylvania Court-house, 375 to 379.—
The North Anna, 381.—Sheridan's Expedition, 382.-Butler's Movement, 383.
Cold Harbor, 385 to 387.-Expedition against the Central Railroad, 389.—Passage
of the James River, 390.-Losses in the Campaign, 391.-Sigel's and Hunter's Op-
erations, 392, 393.
Lee forced into the Defenses of Richmond, 394.-Petersburg and Richmond, 395, 397.
The Petersburg Campaign, 398.—Attempts of Gillmore and Smith, 399.-Butler's
Attempts, 400.-Attempt to seize the Weldon Railroad, 401.—Expedition of Wilson
and Kautz, 402.-The Mine Explosion, 405.-Sortie of Early, 406.-Burning of
Chambersburg, 408.—Battle of Opequan, 409.—Battle of Fisher's Hill, 410.—Battle
of Cedar Creek, 412 to 414.-Capture of the Weldon Railroad, 415.-Attempts on
the Southside Railroad, 417.-Dutch Gap Canal, 418.-The Defenses of Washing-
ton, 419 to 428.
INTERIOR AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC AND THE CONFEDERACY IN 1863.
Effect of the Emancipation Proclamation, 430.-Political Opinions of that Time, 431.
-Speech of Ex-president Pierce, 432, 433.—The 37th Congress assembles, 434.—
Political Arrests, 435.- Conscription Act, 436, 437. — Relation of the Insurgent
States, 438.-Action on Foreign Intervention, 438.-Conduct of Foreign Govern-
ments, 439, 440.-Convention of Editors, 441.-The New York Riot, 442 to 445.—
The Autumn Elections, 446. — The Confederate Congress, 447 to 450.- Public
Speeches of Davis, 450.- Mississippi Speech, 451.-Message to Congress, 452.—
-Another Message to Congress, 454.-The Confederate Finances, 456 to 460.-De-
nunciation of the United States, 461.
INTERIOR AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC AND THE CONFEDERACY DURING 1864 AND
TO THE CLOSE OF THE WAR.
First Session of the 38th Congress, 462.—President's Message and Congressional Acts,
462 to 466.—Reconstruction, 466, 467.-The French Expedition, 468, 469.—Stock-
jobbing Forgery, 469.-Resignation of Mr. Chase, 470.-The Presidential Nomina-
tions, 471.--Peace Proposition, 472.-Jaques and Gillmore, their Mission, 474.--
Democratic Nominations, 475.--Lincoln re-elected, 476.--Amendment of Constitu-
tion abolishing Slavery, 477.-Lincoln's Second Inaugural, 478, 479.- Declining
Condition of Confederate Affairs, 480.--Confederate Finances, 481.--Confederate
Conscription, 482.-Impressment of Property, 483.-Hardships of Military System,
484.- Changes in the Confederate Administration, 484.-Proposition to employ
Slaves as Soldiers, 485.-Mr. Hunter's Speech, 486.-Peace Propositions by Ste-
phens, Hunter, and Campbell, 487.-Confederate Foreign Relations, 488 to 490.
THE EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS AND TREATMENT OF SOLDIERS.
Treatment of Privateersmen, 498.—Dix-Hill Cartel, 499.—Difficulty respecting Colored
Troops, 500.-Suspension of the Exchange, 501, 502.-Confederate Orders respecting
Negro Soldiers, 503.-Death-rate of Prisoners, 504.-Protest of Confederate Sur-
geons, 505.-Responsibility of the Confederate Government, 506.-Starvation of
Prisoners, 508.-The Scheme of Cobb, 508.-Andersonville, 510 to 514.-The Sani-
tary Commission, 515 to 518.-The Christian Commission, 519, 520.
OPERATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE FINAL CAMPAIGNS.-THE CAPTURE OF FORT
FISHER.—THE CAPTURE OF MOBILE.—THE EXPEDITIONS OF SCHOFIELD, STONEMAN,
WILSON, AND SHERIDAN.
Importance of Wilmington, 521.-Fort Fisher, 522.-First Attack on Fort Fisher, 523.
---Second Attack on Fort Fisher, 524, 525.-Its Capture, 526.-Operations against
Mobile, 527.-Capture of Mobile, 528.-Schofield's Expedition, 5-Stoneman's
Expeditions, 530, 531.-Wilson's Expedition, 532.-Sheridan's Expedition, 533, 534.
Sherman proposes to march through the Carolinas, 535 to 537.-The March to be to
Wilmington, 538.-Selection of its Track, 539.-Preparations for the March, 540.-
The Salkehatchie crossed, 542.-South Carolina entered, 543.-The Edisto crossed,
544.-Advance to Columbia, 545 to 548.-Burning of Columbia, 549.-Fall of
Charleston, 550 to 552.-North Carolina entered, 553.-Capture of Fayetteville, 555.
-Battle of Averysboro, 556.-Battle of Bentonville, 557.-Successful End of the
March, 558.-Sherman and Grant at City Point, 559.
THE CAPTURE OF PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND BY THE ARMY OF THE EAST.
Grant's Spring Campaign of 1865, 560.-Letter of Lee to Grant, 561.-Correspondence
of Grant and Stanton, 562.-The Confederates determine to Arm the Slaves, 563.-
Strength of the opposing Armies, 564.-Lee's Attack on Fort Steedman, 565.—Grant
opens the Campaign, 566.-He modifies his Plan, 567.-Sheridan's Advance to Five
Forks, 569.-Battle of Five Forks, 571, 572.-The Assault on the Petersburg Lines,
573, 574.—The Confederates evacuate Richmond, 575 to 578.-Evacuation of Peters-
burg, 579.
The Retreat from Petersburg, 580.-Pursuit of Lee, 582, 583.-Surrender of Ewell,
585.-Lee crosses the Appomattox, 586.-His Officers advise a Surrender, 588.-
Lee's Correspondence with Grant, 589.-Sheridan cuts off Lee's Retreat, 590, 591.-
The Interview at Appomattox Court-house, 592.-The Surrender of Lee, 592 to 594.
-Review of Grant's Campaign, 595 to 597.
The Consultation at City Point, 598, 599.—Interview of Sherman and Johnston, 600.-
Condition of the South, 601, 602.-First Interview, 603, 604.—Second Interview, 605,
606.—Terms referred to Washington, 608.-Sherman's Letter to Grant, 609.-Grant's
Reply, 610.-Surrender of Johnston, 611.-Sherman's Conduct in these Negotiations,
612 to 614.-Action of the War Department, 615, 616.—Sherman's Intentions, 617,
618.-The Last Conflict of the War, 619.
Retrospect of the Civil War, 635.--Object of the Originators of the War, 636.--Intro-
duction of the Slave Question, 637.--The Original Objects not attained, 638.--Inten-
tions of the North, 639.--Nationality and Emancipation result, 640.—The Course of
Political Events, 641, 642.--Conduct of the War, 643.--The Insurgents besieged;
their Sorties, 643.-The Blockade, 644.-Forces which decided the War, 644.-Re-
spective Functions of the Armies of the West and the East, 645.-Military Force of
the Government, 646.--Cost of the War, 647.--New Appliances of the War, 648,
649.--Improved Conduct of the War, 650.--Confederate Statements of their Strength,
651.--Who ruined the South? 652.--Decline of Military Spirit at the South, 653,
654.-Contrast exhibited in the Republic, 655.-Result of the War, 656.
The Domain of the United States, 657.-Population of the Republic, 658.—Character
of the Atlantic Region, 659.-Character of the Pacific Region, 660.-The Difficulty
of harmonizing Populations, 661.-Course followed by Rome, 662, 663.-Course fol-
lowed by Turkey, 664.—Incompatibility of these with the American System, 665.—
Course that will be probably taken in America, 666.-Example of China, 667.-Con-
ditions of the exercise of National Power, 668.—Reflections on Centralization, 669.—
Distribution of Power, 670.-Development of the dominant Race, 671.-Political im-
portance of a common Tongue, 672.-Changes in the Distribution of Power in the
Republic, 673, 674.-Removal of the Capital of the Republic, 675.-The Future of
the Republic, 675 to 677.
CONQUEST OF THE CENTRAL REGION.
PROSPECTIVE SURVEY OF MILITARY AFFAIRS IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE ISSUE OF THE PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION.
In this chapter it is intended to ascertain the correct point of view for an examination of the campaigns which followed the Proclamation of Emancipation of the slaves.
A preliminary survey shows that the Confederate line of defense was first broken by the Army of the Tennessee. The Army of the Cumberland was then brought into action. The central region of the Confederacy was conquered, and a secure lodgment made at Chattanooga, the portal through the Alleghany Mountains. Hence the movement of the Army of the West claims precedence in the order of relating the events of this portion of the war.
Ar the opening of 1863, the beleaguering of the Confederacy was strictly maintained by a military at the opening of force, as appears from the report of the Secretary of War, of more than 800,000 men. The navy consisted of more than 400 ships, many of them ironclads. Neither of these forces had as yet reached its maximum; both were rapidly increasing. Their pressure was continually becoming more and more severe.
Though the proclamation of freedom to the slaves was ostensibly received throughout the South with at the emancipation contemptuous defiance, and in all directions it was declared that "Lincoln could only enforce it as far as his gun-boats could go," in reality it excited profound alarm. That this alarm was not groundless soon appeared from the facility with which black regiments were
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