the common sentiment of the American people, the Union will be no longer worth preserving. It will no longer be the Union established by Washington and his compatriots on the broad foundation of common interests, friendly ties, and national patriotism.”
THE external aspect of the affair off Charleston which "precipitated" the war, is as that of a boy "spoiling for a fight," who places a chip on the rim of his hat and dares his competitor to knock it off. But even if warlike matters had been brought to an issue by the undesigned exhibition of the fleet, it would be no more surprising than a fact stated by Mr. Kinglake, in his history of the Crimean invasion. He declares that event to have been brought about by means of a cogent despatch to Lord Raglan, drawn up by the Duke of Newcastle, who was in favor of war, and read by him at a cabinet-meeting after dinner, when a majority of the ministers present had sunk into a profound sleep; to which despatch the prime minister and other leading members of the cabinet would have urged controlling objections, had they remained awake, at a moment so critical. The orders to the American fleet may have been issued under somewhat similar circumstances, since it is well known that the administration at Washington entertained quite discordant opinions in the case in question; at least, up to a very late moment before the event. Indeed, it might well be said of certain members of the administration, as Clarendon remarks of Fairfax, Generalissimo of the Parliament forces, under whom Cromwell served as Lieutenant-general: "Fairfax wished for nothing that Cromwell did, and yet contributed to bring it all to pass."
ADAMS, CF Mr. despatch of Mr.
Seward to, describing the radicals, 386; despatch of same to same, defining the rights of the opposition, 402. ADAMS, JOHN, Mr., Ex-President, the Federalist party ceased to govern with administration of, 45.
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, Mr., Ex-President, abolition memorials presented to Con- gress by, in 1831, and his refusal to support their prayer, 32; opposed to tariff of 1846, 48; freedom from section- al agitation during his administration, 65; presents abolition memorials from inhabitants of Pennsylvania, 69; op- poses declaration of Congress, denying its authority to interfere with slavery in the States, 105; his inconsistency of conduct, 113; proposes in House of Representatives resolutions of Massa- chusetts Legislature for abrogation of two-fifth representation based on slaves, 129; renews his motion, 130; moves to rescind "Twenty-first Rule," 136; vote on his motion, 137; purchase of Texas proposed during his administration, 141; reply of, to an intimation of infor- mality, 147; allusion of Mr. Seward to, 162; his resentment of party action and judgment that separation is preferable to enforced union, 163; difference be- tween him as President and as advocate of the "Higher Law," 164; apparent concord between him and Mr. Jefferson as to secession, 203. Advertiser, Boston, despatches to, as to demeanor of Republican Convention of 1860, 359; deprecates the idea of war; is for fair defensive policy, 405; effect of such a declaration on the radical fac- tion, 406; striking change of tone in, 412. African slave trade before 1836, chiefly the subject of petitions relating to sla- very, 32.
Albany Evening Journal, a chief organ
of the "Seward Whigs," 212; its propo- sitions for a Union-saving Convention, December, 1860, 397, 398; their ill suc- cess, 398.
Albany Patriot, proscribes the Whig party in 1848, 121.
American Preceptor, affecting narrative in the, 58.
American Tract Society, separated into two sectional associations, 316.
AMES, FISHER, Mr., of Massachusetts; Mr. J. Q. Adams's estimate of his elo- quence, 32; action of, upon abolition memorials, 33.
ANDERSON, Major, Tribune despatch con- cerning, 447.
ANDERSON, Mr., of Cincinnati, letter of Mr. Crittenden to, 425.
ANDREW, Mr., Governor of Massachu- setts, elected in 1860, 252; testimony of, before Harper's Ferry Investigating Committee, 338; affection of, for a Revo- Iutionary musket, 340; statement by, of grounds for nominating Mr. Lincoln, 352, 353; meaning of his phraseology- "to intensify the nationalism of the Republican party," 356; remark at the ratification meeting in Boston, 368; Massachusetts, he thinks, not at all cul- pable, 384; statement of the point at issue in 1860, 385; effect which would have followed manifestation of the "re- actionary spirit," 387; his opposition to it identical with that of New York Tribune, 407; Massachusetts members of Congress request of him delegates to Peace Conference, 417.
ANNE, Queen, in reign of, Christians for- bidden to marry negroes or mulattoes, 118.
APPLETON, W., Mr., of Massachusetts, voted against bill for organizing Ne- braska (1853), 279.
ARCHER, Mr., of Virginia, voted for the admission of Texas, 150.
Articles of Confederation (1778) declare that "each State retains its sover- eignty," 202.
ATCHISON, Mr., of Missouri, despondent expressions of, regarding the Missouri Compromise, 280.
ATHERTON, Mr., of New Hampshire, pro- poses noted resolutions (1838), 309, 483.
Atlas, Boston, in 1835 calls for meeting of | citizens of Boston to oppose antislavery movement, 72; prints testimony con- cerning Mr. George Thompson, of Eng- land, 94; copies formal denunciation of Whig party from chief organ of Liberty party, 121; states influence of that organ Emancipator) for election of Mr. Polk as against Mr. Clay, 122; assails Mr. Webster in behalf of the "Seward Whigs," 212.
BLACK, Mr., of Pennsylvania, Attorney- General, official advice of to the Presi- dent, 397.
BLAIR, Mr., of Maryland, Postmaster- General, counted on radical side during first of Mr. Lincoln's administration, 449.
BLAIR, F. P., Mr., of Missouri, statement of, concerning Mr. Chase, Secretary of Treasury, 388.
BOTELER, Mr., of Virginia, moves for spe- cial committee on condition of the coun- try, 398.
BANKS, Mr., chosen by the "Coali- BOTTS, Mr. of Virginia, Mr. Choate's re-
(1851) Speaker of Massachu-
setts House of Representatives, 223; his political progress, 231; in 1857 elect- ed Governor by the "Freesoilers," 251; willing to "let the Union slide," 339. Barbary powers, Christians enslaved by, more than thirty years after the Ameri- can Revolution, 7.
BARBOUR, Mr., of Virginia, urges "har- mony and concession" at passage of Missouri Compromise Act, 42.
BARNARD, DANIEL D., Mr., of New York, early opposition of, to sectional spirit,
BATES, Mr., of Missouri, presided over Whig Convention in 1856, 300; a can- didate for nomination to the Presidency at Chicago (1860), 352, 353. BATES, Mr., of Massachusetts, presents revolutionary resolves of Legislature of Massachusetts in Senate, 129; protests against them, 130.
BEACH, Mr., candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, 251.
BEECHER, Rev. H. W., of New York, in Rev. Theodore Parker's pulpit, 289; his view of the Constitution and the Union, 390, 391.
BELL, Mr., of Tennessee, votes for ad- mission of California, 200; spirit of his remarks on the Nebraska question, 279; vote on Mr. Douglas's amendment, 286; nominated for President, 352; supported by the old Whigs, 369, 370; hopes of his adherents, 395.
BELL, Mr., of Massachusetts, candidate for Governor, 251. BENTON, Mr., of Missouri, on abolition memorials to Congress in 1837, 112; his further remarks on the subject, 114; his speech against Mr. Calhoun, 194; re- port of a speech by him, given in his
Thirty Years' View," 196; his just compliment to Georgia, 197; remarks on the speeches during the compromise debate of 1850, 198, 330. BERRIEN, Mr., of Georgia, votes to admit Texas, 150; resolution introduced by, 179.
BIGLER, Mr., of Pennsylvania, of the "Committee of Thirteen," 424. BINGHAM, Mr., of Michigan, views of, concerning Peace Conference, 419. BIRNEY, Mr., of New York; vote for him in New York defeated Mr. Clay, 122, 123.
BOUTWELL, Mr., of Massachusetts, vote of, received for Governor of Massa- chusetts in 1849 and 1850, 221; elected by coalition Legislature (1851), 223, 224; his political progress up to 1865, 231. BRECKINRIDGE, Mr., of Kentucky, the party represented by, 369, 370; error of imputations on his Northern support- ers, 381, 382.
BRIGGS, Mr., Governor of Massachusetts, erroneous views of, concerning Decla- BRIGHT, JOHN, Mr., a radical authority in ration of Independence, 127. the North, 83.
BROOKS, PRESTON, Mr., the unlucky blow BROWN, Mr., of Mississippi, judgment of of, 232.
as to what would save war, 317.
BROWN, JOHN, Mr., sympathized with by Gov. Andrew, 252; his mission from Kansas, 312; morbid feeling at the North encouraged his attempt, 327. BUCHANAN, Mr., Ex-President, vote for, in Massachusetts (1856), 251; election in same year, 266; allusion to his ad- ministration, 300, 301; motive for se- lecting him, 313; Kentucky and Ten- nessee, Whig slave States, vote for him, 314; his history of his administration, 394; Boston Daily Advertiser on his policy, 405, 406; attempt of, to supply Fort Sumter, 443.
Buffalo Convention, Mr. Van Buren nomi- nated by (1848), 121; its motto, 213. Bull Run, resolution of Congress which followed upon battle of, 455.
BURKE, EDMUND, remarks of, to electors of Bristol, 173.
BURNS, ANTHONY, a fugitive slave, extra- dition of, 243.
JHOUN, Mr., of South Carolina,
early attachment of, to the Union, 76; assent of, to Mr. Clay's tariff act of 1833, 90; resolutions introduced by him in Senate, 115, 481; his further resolu- tions and remarks, 191, 192; assailed by Mr. Benton, 194; error of Mr. Calhoun, 195; avowal of danger to the Union, 197; speech of, in 1847, 211; death of, 212; one of the great men referred to by Mr. Benton, 330.
CAMPBELL, Mr., of Alabama, intervention of, previous to hostilities, 444, 445; his final inquiry of Mr. Seward, 447.
CAMERON, Mr., of Pennsylvania, moves to reconsider rejection of the Crittenden resolutions, 410; Secretary of War when military force went South, 449. CARLYLE, THOMAS, Mr., on "Anarchic Quakers," 27; "The Times Great, and Men Small," 264.
CARUTHERS, Mr., of Missouri, letter of, to a member of Congress on " Fusion," 261.
CASS, Mr., of Michigan, voted to admit Texas, 150; his reply to Mr. Seward, 160-163; vote on Mr. Douglas's Nebraska amendment, 285; his withdrawal from the Cabinet, 397.
CHANDLER, Z., Mr., of Michigan, letter of, to Governor of Michigan, 419, 420. CHASE, Mr., of Ohio, votes to receive pe- tition to dissolve the Union, 162, 190, 213; resisted the Nebraska amendment, 285; for disunion, 388; his fears of an adjustment through Peace Conference, 422; radical as Secretary of the Treas- ury, 449; the "desire to oust" him, 450.
Chicago Platform, incongruous and revo- lutionary character of, 356 et seq. Chinese Empire, weakness of, for want of moral elements, 177. CHOATE, Mr., of Massachusetts, speech of, at Faneuil Hall (1850), 204; to Na- tional Whig Convention (1852), 214; on breaking up of his party joined the Democracy, 233; reply of, to Mr. Botts, 245; consistent patriotism of, 255; strik- ing letter of, 258; as to legal effect of measures of 1850, opinion of, 274. Church, Episcopal, freedom of, from fanat- icism, 185; roll of its members South as well as North called at triennial con- ventions in the North during the war, 186.
Church, Methodist Episcopal, North and South, separated in 1815, 185; contro- versy in, as to the common property, 185. Church, Roman Catholic, free from dis- putes about slavery, 185; its wide bond of union, 186.
CLARK, Mr., of New Hampshire, instru- ment of Republicans to defeat the Crittenden Compromise, 408, 409; his amendment rejected, 426.
CLAY, Mr., of Kentucky, regarded un- favorably all sectional distinctions, 23; urged harmony and concession
the crisis of 1820, 42; early interest of, in domestic manufactures, 46, 47; part taken by, in Compromise Act of 1833, 47; neglect of his counsels, 83; his own political loss, 90; what he thought of abolition, 102; his patriotism, 104; amends resolutions of Mr. Calhoun, 115; his principles, 121; defeated by "Liber- ty party," 122; he, or Webster, might have been successful candidates for President in 1840, 126; States voting for him in 1844, 138; opposed purchase of Texas, 141; concert between Mr. Adams and himself as Secretary of State, 164; his resolutions in Thirty-
first Congress, 187; chairman of Com- promise Committee in 1850, 196; his collaborators, 201; his philanthropic disposition, 242; his steadiness to the Constitution, 254; his reply to Mr. Da- vis, 277; the public loss in his death, 323; his remonstrances, 333. CLAYTON, JOHN M., Mr., of Delaware, voted against admitting Texas, 158; declaration of, as to position of Know- Nothing party, 256; voted against Ne- braska bill, 286.
CLAYTON, THOMAS, Mr., of Delaware, voted against admitting Texas, 158. Clergy, New England, political action of, 286 et seq.
CLINGMAN, Mr., of North Carolina, voted to repeal Twenty-first Rule, 137; also for Nebraska bill, 279. Coalition of Democrats and Freesoilers in Massachusetts, 221 et seq.
COBB, Mr., of Georgia, voted for reducing tariff act of 1842, 48; for Nebraska bill,
COLLAMER, Mr., of Vermont, singular re- port of, from Committee on Territories, 298; of the Committee of Thirteen (1861), 421. Colonization Society, beneficial results of; opposition to it, 122. Commons, House of, motion for peace with American colonies in, 77. Compromises, four several, alleged to have been kept by the South and broken by the North, 19.
Congress (of the old Confederation), first Ordinance proposed to, 21; second, passed by, 22; action of, calculated to prepare the way for abolition, 24; of States found to be inefficient, 28; State Sovereignty asserted by, 31.
Congress of United States, disavowal by, of all authority in regard to slaves, 24; petitions to, 25; request of Dr. Franklin, 25; slavery out of its control, 25; its power limited, 25; turn of debate in, 26; action of, 27; feeling of Southern mem- bers of, 27; early memorials to, on slavery, 31, 32; petition of Indiana to, 32; wishes of Southern members of, 33; petitions to, as to District of Columbia, 35; little attention to them, 35; question of its powers, 36; its authority, 37; acceptance by, of territory from Vir- ginia and Maryland, 37; no memorial as to slavery in, for forty years, 37; its ex- clusive power, 37; members of, with better means of judging than the peo- ple, 38; Northern members of, on limitation of powers, 38; Missouri ques- tion in, 41-43; analysis of votes, 43, 46; disposition of some Northern mem- bers, 49; acts of, for admission of vari- ous States, 51; spirit of its action, 52; a petition to, in 1827, 69; also, in 1831, and action thereupon, 69; what prompt- ed memorials in 1836, 69, 70; President Madison's communication to, on British intervention, 75; report upon, accepted by, 76; message of President Jackson
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