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the common sentiment of the American people, the Union will be no longer worth preserving. It will no longer be the Union established by Washington and his compatriots on the broad foundation of common interests, friendly ties, and national patriotism.”

VI.

THE external aspect of the affair off Charleston which "precipitated" the war, is as that of a boy "spoiling for a fight," who places a chip on the rim of his hat and dares his competitor to knock it off. But even if warlike matters had been brought to an issue by the undesigned exhibition of the fleet, it would be no more surprising than a fact stated by Mr. Kinglake, in his history of the Crimean invasion. He declares that event to have been brought about by means of a cogent despatch to Lord Raglan, drawn up by the Duke of Newcastle, who was in favor of war, and read by him at a cabinet-meeting after dinner, when a majority of the ministers present had sunk into a profound sleep; to which despatch the prime minister and other leading members of the cabinet would have urged controlling objections, had they remained awake, at a moment so critical. The orders to the American fleet may have been issued under somewhat similar circumstances, since it is well known that the administration at Washington entertained quite discordant opinions in the case in question; at least, up to a very late moment before the event. Indeed, it might well be said of certain members of the administration, as Clarendon remarks of Fairfax, Generalissimo of the Parliament forces, under whom Cromwell served as Lieutenant-general: "Fairfax wished for nothing that Cromwell did, and yet contributed to bring it all to pass."

INDEX.

ADAMS, CF Mr. despatch of Mr.

Seward to, describing the radicals,
386; despatch of same to same, defining
the rights of the opposition, 402.
ADAMS, JOHN, Mr., Ex-President, the
Federalist party ceased to govern with
administration of, 45.

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, Mr., Ex-President,
abolition memorials presented to Con-
gress by, in 1831, and his refusal to
support their prayer, 32; opposed to
tariff of 1846, 48; freedom from section-
al agitation during his administration,
65; presents abolition memorials from
inhabitants of Pennsylvania, 69; op-
poses declaration of Congress, denying
its authority to interfere with slavery
in the States, 105; his inconsistency of
conduct, 113; proposes in House of
Representatives resolutions of Massa-
chusetts Legislature for abrogation of
two-fifth representation based on slaves,
129; renews his motion, 130; moves to
rescind "Twenty-first Rule," 136; vote
on his motion, 137; purchase of Texas
proposed during his administration,
141; reply of, to an intimation of infor-
mality, 147; allusion of Mr. Seward to,
162; his resentment of party action and
judgment that separation is preferable
to enforced union, 163; difference be-
tween him as President and as advocate
of the "Higher Law," 164; apparent
concord between him and Mr. Jefferson
as to secession, 203.
Advertiser, Boston, despatches to, as to
demeanor of Republican Convention of
1860, 359; deprecates the idea of war;
is for fair defensive policy, 405; effect of
such a declaration on the radical fac-
tion, 406; striking change of tone in, 412.
African slave trade before 1836, chiefly
the subject of petitions relating to sla-
very, 32.

Albany Evening Journal, a chief organ

of the "Seward Whigs," 212; its propo-
sitions for a Union-saving Convention,
December, 1860, 397, 398; their ill suc-
cess, 398.

Albany Patriot, proscribes the Whig
party in 1848, 121.

American Preceptor, affecting narrative
in the, 58.

American Tract Society, separated into
two sectional associations, 316.

AMES, FISHER, Mr., of Massachusetts;
Mr. J. Q. Adams's estimate of his elo-
quence, 32; action of, upon abolition
memorials, 33.

ANDERSON, Major, Tribune despatch con-
cerning, 447.

ANDERSON, Mr., of Cincinnati, letter of
Mr. Crittenden to, 425.

ANDREW, Mr., Governor of Massachu-
setts, elected in 1860, 252; testimony of,
before Harper's Ferry Investigating
Committee, 338; affection of, for a Revo-
Iutionary musket, 340; statement by,
of grounds for nominating Mr. Lincoln,
352, 353; meaning of his phraseology-
"to intensify the nationalism of the
Republican party," 356; remark at the
ratification meeting in Boston, 368;
Massachusetts, he thinks, not at all cul-
pable, 384; statement of the point at
issue in 1860, 385; effect which would
have followed manifestation of the "re-
actionary spirit," 387; his opposition
to it identical with that of New York
Tribune, 407; Massachusetts members
of Congress request of him delegates to
Peace Conference, 417.

ANNE, Queen, in reign of, Christians for-
bidden to marry negroes or mulattoes,
118.

APPLETON, W., Mr., of Massachusetts,
voted against bill for organizing Ne-
braska (1853), 279.

ARCHER, Mr., of Virginia, voted for the
admission of Texas, 150.

Articles of Confederation (1778) declare
that "each State retains its sover-
eignty," 202.

ATCHISON, Mr., of Missouri, despondent
expressions of, regarding the Missouri
Compromise, 280.

ATHERTON, Mr., of New Hampshire, pro-
poses noted resolutions (1838), 309, 483.

Atlas, Boston, in 1835 calls for meeting of |
citizens of Boston to oppose antislavery
movement, 72; prints testimony con-
cerning Mr. George Thompson, of Eng-
land, 94; copies formal denunciation of
Whig party from chief organ of Liberty
party, 121; states influence of that organ
Emancipator) for election of Mr. Polk
as against Mr. Clay, 122; assails Mr.
Webster in behalf of the "Seward
Whigs," 212.

BLACK, Mr., of Pennsylvania, Attorney-
General, official advice of to the Presi-
dent, 397.

BLAIR, Mr., of Maryland, Postmaster-
General, counted on radical side during
first of Mr. Lincoln's administration,
449.

BLAIR, F. P., Mr., of Missouri, statement
of, concerning Mr. Chase, Secretary of
Treasury, 388.

BOTELER, Mr., of Virginia, moves for spe-
cial committee on condition of the coun-
try, 398.

BANKS, Mr., chosen by the "Coali- BOTTS, Mr. of Virginia, Mr. Choate's re-

(1851) Speaker of Massachu-

setts House of Representatives, 223;
his political progress, 231; in 1857 elect-
ed Governor by the "Freesoilers," 251;
willing to "let the Union slide," 339.
Barbary powers, Christians enslaved by,
more than thirty years after the Ameri-
can Revolution, 7.

BARBOUR, Mr., of Virginia, urges "har-
mony and concession" at passage of
Missouri Compromise Act, 42.

BARNARD, DANIEL D., Mr., of New York,
early opposition of, to sectional spirit,

483.

BATES, Mr., of Missouri, presided over
Whig Convention in 1856, 300; a can-
didate for nomination to the Presidency
at Chicago (1860), 352, 353.
BATES, Mr., of Massachusetts, presents
revolutionary resolves of Legislature of
Massachusetts in Senate, 129; protests
against them, 130.

BEACH, Mr., candidate for Governor of
Massachusetts, 251.

BEECHER, Rev. H. W., of New York, in
Rev. Theodore Parker's pulpit, 289; his
view of the Constitution and the Union,
390, 391.

BELL, Mr., of Tennessee, votes for ad-
mission of California, 200; spirit of his
remarks on the Nebraska question, 279;
vote on Mr. Douglas's amendment, 286;
nominated for President, 352; supported
by the old Whigs, 369, 370; hopes of his
adherents, 395.

BELL, Mr., of Massachusetts, candidate
for Governor, 251.
BENTON, Mr., of Missouri, on abolition
memorials to Congress in 1837, 112; his
further remarks on the subject, 114; his
speech against Mr. Calhoun, 194; re-
port of a speech by him, given in his

Thirty Years' View," 196; his just
compliment to Georgia, 197; remarks
on the speeches during the compromise
debate of 1850, 198, 330.
BERRIEN, Mr., of Georgia, votes to admit
Texas, 150; resolution introduced by,
179.

BIGLER, Mr., of Pennsylvania, of the
"Committee of Thirteen," 424.
BINGHAM, Mr., of Michigan, views of,
concerning Peace Conference, 419.
BIRNEY, Mr., of New York; vote for him
in New York defeated Mr. Clay, 122,
123.

ply to, 245.

BOUTWELL, Mr., of Massachusetts, vote
of, received for Governor of Massa-
chusetts in 1849 and 1850, 221; elected
by coalition Legislature (1851), 223, 224;
his political progress up to 1865, 231.
BRECKINRIDGE, Mr., of Kentucky, the
party represented by, 369, 370; error of
imputations on his Northern support-
ers, 381, 382.

BRIGGS, Mr., Governor of Massachusetts,
erroneous views of, concerning Decla-
BRIGHT, JOHN, Mr., a radical authority in
ration of Independence, 127.
the North, 83.

BROOKS, PRESTON, Mr., the unlucky blow
BROWN, Mr., of Mississippi, judgment of
of, 232.

as to what would save war, 317.

BROWN, JOHN, Mr., sympathized with by
Gov. Andrew, 252; his mission from
Kansas, 312; morbid feeling at the
North encouraged his attempt, 327.
BUCHANAN, Mr., Ex-President, vote for,
in Massachusetts (1856), 251; election
in same year, 266; allusion to his ad-
ministration, 300, 301; motive for se-
lecting him, 313; Kentucky and Ten-
nessee, Whig slave States, vote for him,
314; his history of his administration,
394; Boston Daily Advertiser on his
policy, 405, 406; attempt of, to supply
Fort Sumter, 443.

Buffalo Convention, Mr. Van Buren nomi-
nated by (1848), 121; its motto, 213.
Bull Run, resolution of Congress which
followed upon battle of, 455.

BURKE, EDMUND, remarks of, to electors
of Bristol, 173.

BURNS, ANTHONY, a fugitive slave, extra-
dition of, 243.

JHOUN, Mr., of South Carolina,

early attachment of, to the Union,
76; assent of, to Mr. Clay's tariff act of
1833, 90; resolutions introduced by him
in Senate, 115, 481; his further resolu-
tions and remarks, 191, 192; assailed by
Mr. Benton, 194; error of Mr. Calhoun,
195; avowal of danger to the Union,
197; speech of, in 1847, 211; death of,
212; one of the great men referred to by
Mr. Benton, 330.

CAMPBELL, Mr., of Alabama, intervention
of, previous to hostilities, 444, 445; his
final inquiry of Mr. Seward, 447.

INDEX.

CAMERON, Mr., of Pennsylvania, moves
to reconsider rejection of the Crittenden
resolutions, 410; Secretary of War when
military force went South, 449.
CARLYLE, THOMAS, Mr., on "Anarchic
Quakers," 27; "The Times Great, and
Men Small," 264.

CARUTHERS, Mr., of Missouri, letter of,
to a member of Congress on " Fusion,"
261.

CASS, Mr., of Michigan, voted to admit
Texas, 150; his reply to Mr. Seward,
160-163; vote on Mr. Douglas's Nebraska
amendment, 285; his withdrawal from
the Cabinet, 397.

CHANDLER, Z., Mr., of Michigan, letter
of, to Governor of Michigan, 419, 420.
CHASE, Mr., of Ohio, votes to receive pe-
tition to dissolve the Union, 162, 190,
213; resisted the Nebraska amendment,
285; for disunion, 388; his fears of an
adjustment through Peace Conference,
422; radical as Secretary of the Treas-
ury, 449; the "desire to oust" him,
450.

Chicago Platform, incongruous and revo-
lutionary character of, 356 et seq.
Chinese Empire, weakness of, for want
of moral elements, 177.
CHOATE, Mr., of Massachusetts, speech
of, at Faneuil Hall (1850), 204; to Na-
tional Whig Convention (1852), 214; on
breaking up of his party joined the
Democracy, 233; reply of, to Mr. Botts,
245; consistent patriotism of, 255; strik-
ing letter of, 258; as to legal effect of
measures of 1850, opinion of, 274.
Church, Episcopal, freedom of, from fanat-
icism, 185; roll of its members South as
well as North called at triennial con-
ventions in the North during the war,
186.

Church, Methodist Episcopal, North and
South, separated in 1815, 185; contro-
versy in, as to the common property, 185.
Church, Roman Catholic, free from dis-
putes about slavery, 185; its wide bond
of union, 186.

CLARK, Mr., of New Hampshire, instru-
ment of Republicans to defeat the
Crittenden Compromise, 408, 409; his
amendment rejected, 426.

CLAY, Mr., of Kentucky, regarded un-
favorably all sectional distinctions, 23;
urged harmony and concession

at

the crisis of 1820, 42; early interest of,
in domestic manufactures, 46, 47; part
taken by, in Compromise Act of 1833,
47; neglect of his counsels, 83; his own
political loss, 90; what he thought of
abolition, 102; his patriotism, 104;
amends resolutions of Mr. Calhoun, 115;
his principles, 121; defeated by "Liber-
ty party," 122; he, or Webster, might
have been successful candidates for
President in 1840, 126; States voting
for him in 1844, 138; opposed purchase
of Texas, 141; concert between Mr.
Adams and himself as Secretary of
State, 164; his resolutions in Thirty-

489

first Congress, 187; chairman of Com-
promise Committee in 1850, 196; his
collaborators, 201; his philanthropic
disposition, 242; his steadiness to the
Constitution, 254; his reply to Mr. Da-
vis, 277; the public loss in his death,
323; his remonstrances, 333.
CLAYTON, JOHN M., Mr., of Delaware,
voted against admitting Texas, 158;
declaration of, as to position of Know-
Nothing party, 256; voted against Ne-
braska bill, 286.

CLAYTON, THOMAS, Mr., of Delaware,
voted against admitting Texas, 158.
Clergy, New England, political action of,
286 et seq.

CLINGMAN, Mr., of North Carolina, voted
to repeal Twenty-first Rule, 137; also
for Nebraska bill, 279.
Coalition of Democrats and Freesoilers in
Massachusetts, 221 et seq.

COBB, Mr., of Georgia, voted for reducing
tariff act of 1842, 48; for Nebraska bill,

279.

COLLAMER, Mr., of Vermont, singular re-
port of, from Committee on Territories,
298; of the Committee of Thirteen (1861),
421.
Colonization Society, beneficial results
of; opposition to it, 122.
Commons, House of, motion for peace
with American colonies in, 77.
Compromises, four several, alleged to
have been kept by the South and broken
by the North, 19.

Congress (of the old Confederation), first
Ordinance proposed to, 21; second,
passed by, 22; action of, calculated to
prepare the way for abolition, 24; of
States found to be inefficient, 28; State
Sovereignty asserted by, 31.

Congress of United States, disavowal by,
of all authority in regard to slaves, 24;
petitions to, 25; request of Dr. Franklin,
25; slavery out of its control, 25; its
power limited, 25; turn of debate in, 26;
action of, 27; feeling of Southern mem-
bers of, 27; early memorials to, on
slavery, 31, 32; petition of Indiana to,
32; wishes of Southern members of, 33;
petitions to, as to District of Columbia,
35; little attention to them, 35; question
of its powers, 36; its authority, 37;
acceptance by, of territory from Vir-
ginia and Maryland, 37; no memorial as
to slavery in, for forty years, 37; its ex-
clusive power, 37; members of, with
better means of judging than the peo-
ple, 38; Northern members of, on
limitation of powers, 38; Missouri ques-
tion in, 41-43; analysis of votes, 43,
46; disposition of some Northern mem-
bers, 49; acts of, for admission of vari-
ous States, 51; spirit of its action, 52;
a petition to, in 1827, 69; also, in 1831,
and action thereupon, 69; what prompt-
ed memorials in 1836, 69, 70; President
Madison's communication to, on British
intervention, 75; report upon, accepted
by, 76; message of President Jackson

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