29-Skirmish at Warsaw, Mo. Town partly destroyed. "30-Fight at Salem, Mo. Southern forces defeated. Dec. 3-Congress met at Washington. 4-Two Congressmen and Senator Breckenridge of Ky., expelled for treason. 5-Naval engagement at Cape Hatteras. Forces of U. S. army and navy reported very near 700,000 men. 9-Confederate Congress declares Kentucky a State in the Southern Confederacy. 13-Gen. Milroy defeats Confederate Col. Johnson, at Camp Alleghany. 16-Platte City, Mo., burnt by Southern forces. 17-More than 20 vessels, filled with stone, sunk at the entrance of Charleston and Savannah harbors. 18-Gen. Pope captured 1,300 Southerners and 1,000 stand of arms at Millford, Mo. 31-U. S. navy increased from 42 vessels at beginning of the war to 246, of all kinds, up to this date. 1862. Jan. 1-Mason and Slidell leave Ft. Wa.ren, Boston Harbor, for England. 2-Success of Unionists on Port Royal Island, near Charleston, S. C. 4-Gen. Milroy defeats Confederates at Huntersville, Va. 46 7-Confederate defeat at Romney. U. S. troops capture stores in Tucker Co., Va. 8-Union victory by Gen. Palmer at Silver Creek, Mo. 10-Humphrey Marshall defeated by Union troops in Kentucky. Senators Johnson and Polk of Mo., expelled from the U. S. Senate. 11--Simon Cameron, U. S. Sec. of War, resigned; E. M. Stanton appointed. Naval engagement on the Mississippi near the mouth of the Ohio; 12-125 vessels and 15,000 troops, under Gen. Burnside, sail for the South. 18-Ex-President Tyler dies. 19-Union victory at Mill Spring, Ky., by Gen. Shoepf over Gen. Zollicoffer and Gen. Crittenden. Much spoil taken; Gen. Zollicoffer killed. "27-Bishop Ames and Gov. Fish of New York appointed to visit prisons in the South, to look after the interests of Union prisoners. Confederate authorities refuse to receive them. 42 CHAPTER XXV. THE SECOND PHASE OF THE WAR. The previous period, though abounding in battles, so-called, were really skirmishes of detached bodies without any well defined plan. It covered much of the surface of all the Border States, but especially Virginia and Missouri, and was a trial of bravery and strategy in which both parties learned how to fight, and of what metal their opponents were made. The Second Period covered about eleven months-from the advance of the Federal armies on the South in West and East, in Feb., to the close of the year. This period is defined in its commencement, by the surrounding of the southern territory on nearly all sides by the Union forces, both naval and military; and the inauguration of aggressive movements both by sea and land; and in its close by the failure of the two southern Generals, Bragg in the West, and Lee in the East, in the endeavor to break through this beleagering line. It was an immense and desperate conflict. In the West it began by the ttack of Grant on Fts. Henry and Donelson, followed up by the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and various other operations in Tennessee and Mississippi; the advance of McClellan on Richmond, and his campaign in the Peninsula, his failure and return to Washington; the strengthening of the Southern Army, and the advance of Lee northward into Maryland and his defeat there. The disasters to the Union army in Virginia served to check the successes of the Western Army under Grant, Sherman, Buell, Rosecranz and others; the Confed. erate forces in the West were increased under Bragg, who checked the advance of U. S. troops eastward at Chattanooga, and he himself assumed the offensive, by invading Kentucky. He was compelled to retreat again to Chattanooga. Thus there was an alternation of great successes and great reverses on both sides. The Union Army commenced with about 600,000 men, and the Southern with about 400,000. They both largely added to these during the campaign. Meanwhile the navy was not idle. A foothold was gained in South Carolina, and in North Carolina, as well as at Norfolk, Virginia, the mouth of the Missisippi was opened by Admiral Farragut, and New Orleans captured. The compression of a vast naval and land force was applied in all directions, even west of the Mississippi. Missouri had been quieted by driving the organized forces into the border of Arkansas, and inflicting on them a heavy blow at Pea Ridge. This, however, was not followed up; the disasters to the Union cause in Virginia, and the rebound of the Confederates in East Tennessee, requiring concentration. The South had shown the most determined bravery, and great steadiness in disaster; and activity, and ability in making the most of circumstances. The speed with which she collected other levies and armies and used them within the campaign greatly impressed the authorities and people of the Federal government. They were convinced that the blacks left at home to till the ground, or employed in the fortifications and other labor of the war, contributed much to the strength of the South; enabling them to concentrate all their resources on a given point with extreme rapidity, and to use all their best fighting material. After so vast an outlay, to see their immense armies defied and the Northern States threatened with invasion was discouraging. Hitherto slavery had not been interfered with much, in deference to the sentiment in the Border States, and the views of the democratic party. The Union administration determined to weaken the South by abstracting as much as possible of the slave element from it and to use it themselves. The issue of the Proclamation of Emancipation marks a Third Phase of the War. 1862. Feb. 3-The Federal government decides to treat crews of privateers taken in arms, not as pirates, but as prisoners of war. 66 -66 66 5-Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana, expelled from the U. S. Senate. 6-Com. Foote, acting in concert with Gen. Grant, advances up the 8-Gen. Burnside and Com. Goldsborough capture forts, forces and U. S. Congress determine to construct 20 iron clad gunboats. 16-Gen. Grant captures Ft. Donelson, with 13,300 prisoners. 16 18-Gen. Curtis drives Confederates out of Missouri into Arkansas. 46 Confederate Congress assemble at Richmond Va. 19-Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stevens elected permanent President 21-Defeat of Union forces at Clarksville, New Mexico. 27-Columbus, on the Mississippi, in Ky., evacuated by Confederates. Mar. 2--Severe encounter between Union gunboats and Confederate battery at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Union success. 3-Gen. Beauregard assumes command of Southern army in Mississippi. "6-8-Gen. Curtis defeats Gen. McCullough at Pea Ridge, Ark. Curtis' army 22,000, McCullough's 35,000. McCullough killed. -66 9-First trial of Monitors. The formidable Merrimac, a Confederate iron clad vessel, conquered by the Monitor. 46 11-Gen. McClellan's command confined to the army of the Potomac. 12-Com. Dupont takes possession of Jacksonville, Florida. Mar.13-Confederates evacuate New Madrid, Mo., in haste, leaving $1,000,000 of military stores. 14-Newburn, N. C., captured by Gen. Burnside. Immense stores taken. 18-Confederate fortifications at Acquia Creek, Va., evacuated. 23-Battle of Winchester, Va. Southern forces defeated. 28-Fight at Union Ranch, New Mexico. Union troops 3,000, Texans 1,100. Result undecided. Apr. 6-7-Battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh. First day's battle fought by Beauregard and Johnston, Confederate Generals, with 40,000 available troops, by Gen. Grant with 33,000. He was sup. ported by gunboats in the Tennessee river. Attack and defense desperate, and the slaughter fearful. The second day Beauregard had no more than 20,000 effective men. Grant was reinforced by Buell, and his effective force was 45,000. It was great honor to Union troops not to recognize defeat on the 6th, and highly creditable to Confederates to make a desperate stand and inflict an immense loss on Federals on the 7th. They were almost annihi lated but retreated without immediate pursuit. 8-Island No. 10, Mississippi river, captured. 11-Ft. Pulaski captured by Gen. Hunter, commands entrance to Savannah, Geo. Gen. Mitchell occupies Huntsville, Ala. 12-Gen. Mitchell captures 2,000 prisoners at Chattanooga, East Ten nessee. " 16-Slavery abolished in the District of Columbia, by U. S. Congress. "6 18-Gen. McClellan's advance attacked on the Peninsula, Va. 46 19-Successes of Union Gens. Burnside and Reno, in North Carolina. 25-Com. Farragut, passing the forts, captures New Orleans. 28-Forts Jackson and St. Philip, at mouth of Mississippi below New Orleans, surrender. 29-Gen. Mitchell defeats Confederates at Bridgport, Ala. May 1-Union cavalry captured at Pulaski, Tenn. 3-Yorktown evacuated by Southern troops. Occupied by McClellan. 9-Pensacola Fla. evacuated by Southern forces. 10 Norfolk, Va., occupied by Union forces. The Merrimac, Gosport Navy Yard, and vast quantities of stores destroyed by retreating Confederates. 15-The Agricultural Department created by Congress. May 25-Gen. Banks, defeated at Winchester, Va., retreats across the Po 30-Union troops occupy Corinth, Mississippi. 66 31-Battle of Fair Oaks. Union troops repulsed. June 1-Battle of Fair Oaks renewed. Southern forces repulsed with heavy loss. 66 6-Gunboats capture Memphis, Tenn., and Confederate vessels. แ 8 Battle of Cross Keys, Va. Gen. Freemont defeats Stonewall Jackson. 14-Union forces defeated on James Island, near Charleston, S. C. 18-Union troops occupy Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 19-Congress prohibits slavery in the Territories. 26-Six days fight before Richmond commenced at Mechanicsville. Union forces repulsed. 27-Bombardment of Vicksburg. Gen. Fremont relieved of command. Battle before Richmond renewed. 28-Severe battles before Richmond; enemy repulsed at night. Unionists fall back. 29-Battles of Peach Orchard and Savage's Station, Va. Federal re pulse. 66 30-Battle of White Oak Swamp. McClellan continues to retreat toward James river. Confederates repulsed with loss. July 1-Battle of Malvern Hill. Southern forces repulsed. End of 6 days fight. President Lincoln calls for 600,000 volunteers. Internal Revenue Bill passed Congress. Polygamy forbidden in the United States. Union Pacific Railroad chartered by Congress. 7-Fight at Bayou Cache, Ark. Gen. Curtis, Union, defeats Gen. Pike, Southern. 9-Hamilton, N. C., captured by Federal troops. 11-Southern Gen. Morgan enters Glasgow, Ky. Gen. Halleck appointed Commander-in-Chief of the U. S. armies. 13-Southern forces capture Murfreesborough, Tenn. prisoners taken. 17—Cynthiana, Kentucky, captured. 18-Southern raid into Indiana. Gen. Twiggs died. 22-Siege of Vicksburg abandoned by U. S. forces. Stores and This month is generally disastrous to eastern and western Union armies. Confederate armies become strongly aggressive, and advance north into Ky., and toward Maryland. Aug. 3—Gen. Jeff. Thompson, Confederate, defeated near Memphis, Tenn. 66 4-U. S. Sec. of War ordered a draft of 300,000 men to serve for nine months. |