the said Act, upon his satisfying the Clerks of the Crown and Pleas of the said two Courts, by Certificate from his Medical Attendant, or otherwise to their satisfaction, that such sickness, or other unavoidable impediment, was the sole cause of such absence; and upon such Articled Clerk leaving with the Secretary of this Society a Certificate thereof under the hands of such Clerks of the Crown and Pleas at the same time that he leaves his Petition for Certificate of Fitness and other Papers, as hereinafter prescribed.

All applications for Certificates of Fitness for admission as Attorney, or Solicitor, under the said Act shall be by Petition in writing, addressed to the Benchers of the Society in Convocation, and every such Petition, together with the Documents required by, and the Fees payable to this Society under the said Act, or under the Rules of the said Courts, or those of this Society, shall be left with the Secretary of the Society at Osgoode Hall, on or before the third Saturday next before the Term in which such Petition is to be presented, and the Sub Treasurer's receipt for such Fees shall be a sufficient authority to the "Examiners for Call" to examine the Applicant by written, or printed, questions.

In the case of persons who entered into contracts of service prior to the 1st of July, 1858, if, by reason of the expiration of the period of such service in Term time, any such person cannot comply with the requisites of the last Section on, or before, the third Saturday therein mentioned, or before the day appointed for Examination in writing before the Examiners in the Vacation next after such Saturday, but the period will arrive previous to the last Thursday in the then next ensuing Term, such person may, in lieu of his Articles, or contract, of service, deposit his Affidavit, stating the date of his Articles, the day when his service thereunder will expire, and when the same were filed, and upon complying in other respects with the terms of the foregoing Section, may be examined by the Examiner on such Examination Day, and the Benchers in Convocation, upon being satisfied on the first day of Term of the foregoing facts, and that all other requisites of the Statute, and of the Rules of the Society entitling the party to Oral Examination have been complied with, may proceed to the examination of the Applicant notwithstanding the non-completion of his service under Articles; but no Certificate of Fitness shall be issued until the expiration of such period of service, nor until all and every the other requirement of the Statute, and of the Rules of the Courts and of the Society, have been complied with.

Every Candidate for a Certificate of Fitness for admission as an Attorney, or Solicitor, under the said Act, shall, with his Petition for such Certificate, leave with the Secretary of the Society at Osgoode Hall, Answers to the several Questions set forth in the Schedule to this Rule annexed, signed by the Attorney, or Solicitor, with whom such Articled Clerk has served his Clerkship, together with the Certificate in the said last-mentioned Schedule also contained.

In case any such Candidate, at the time of leaving his Petition for Certificate of Fitness and Papers, with the Secretary of this Society, as herein provided, proves to the satisfaction of the said Secretary, that it has not been in his power to procure the Answers to the Questions contained in the same Schedule "B," from the Attorney, or Solicitor, with whom he may have served any part of the time under his Articles, or from the Agent of such Attorney, or the Certificate of Service therein also contained, the said Secretary shall state such circumstances specially in his Report to Convocation on such Articled Clerk's Petition, and, thereupon, the Benchers in Convocation may dispense with the production of such last mentioned Answers and Certificates, or any of them, as they may think fit and reasonable.

Examination for Certificates of Fitness.-Candidates for Certificates of Fitness shall be examined in writing, and orally in like manner as Candidates for call "simply," according to the Rules of the Society in that behalf, and in the following Books and Subjects, that is to say: Blackstone's Commentaries, 1st Volume; Smith's Mercantile Law; Williams on Real Property; Story's Eqnity Jurisprudence; The Statute Law; the

Pleadings and Practice of the Courts, or in such other Books and Subjects as the Benchers in Convocation, (or as the Examiners, with the assent of the Benchers in Convocation), may, from time to time, for that purpose prescribe and appoint.

Candidates for Certificates of Fitness for Admission as Attorneys, or Solicitors, shall attend at Osgoode Hall on the last Wednesday of the Vacation previous to the Term in which their Petitions are to be presented, and shall receive from the Examiner of the Society copies of the Questions to be answered by them in writing, and shall then and there, under the supervision of such Examiner, frame Answers to such Questions, and deliver such Answers in writing to him for the Benchers in Convocation.

The attendance of such Candidates for the purposes mentioned in the foregoing Section of this Rule shall be at 10 o'clock, A.M., and the Answers shall be delivered to the Examiner by 3 o'clock P.M., of the same day.

The Secretary shall report upon the Petition of every Candidate for Certificate of Fitness for admission as Attorney, or Solicitor, and such Report, together with the Petitions and Documents to which they refer, shall be laid on the Table of Convocation on the first day of Term, he shall also make a Supplementary Report upon the Articles of Clerkship when received by him, of Applicants, whose term of service expires during the Term.

The Oral Examination of Candidates for Certificates of Fitness shall take place on the first day of Term.

The Examination of Candidates for Certificates of Fitness for admission as Attorneys, or Solicitors, shall not be entered upon the first day of any Term until the Examination of all Candidates for Call to the Bar on the order of the day for that day be first disposed of.

REMARKS OF CHIEF JUSTICE ROBINSON ON THE STUDY OF LAW, ON THE OCCASION OF HIS RETIREMENT FROM THE BENCH, 1862.

On the occasion of the presentation, by the Law Students, of an Address to the ex-Chief Justice of Upper Canada, on his retirement from that office, the venerable Chief thus replied to them:

You give me much pleasure by this expression of your respect and esteem.

I should have been wanting in a material part of my public duty if I had failed to treat with consideration and courtesy all persons, whether young, or old, properly addressing themselves to me on any matter of business; and I should, besides, have been setting a bad example to a large class of young Gentlemen out of whom our future Judges are to be taken.

Since I began the study of Law, in 1807, there has been, as we must admit, time for many changes. I will notice a few which have taken place in the condition of Law In deference to the better opportunities of obtaining a superior education, and by way of inducements to youth to avail themselves of them, the period of pupilage, if I may so apply the term, has been shortened by two years in favour of Graduates in Arts, or in Law-and Students at the present day have the greater advantage of hearing Lectures on the different Branches of Law, which encourages and enables them to study the Science systematically, as other Sciences are studied.

It is a great convenience to them also that they are saved both time and trouble by the manner in which our Public Statutes have been consolidated and arranged, which was mainly the work of a late distinguished Judge, whose kind interest in the Law Students attracted in a particular manner their respect and regard.

I will mention as another advantage, and one most material, that much that was formerly difficult and embarrassing in the mere technicality of the Law has by late changes, been swept away, which gives more time to the Student for acquiring what better recommends itself to his reason and judgment, as being really necessary to the solution of questions of right.

I remember that for more than twenty years after I came to the Bar, any young Lawyer of sound understanding and obliging disposition, although he were but moderately learned in his profession, might go into any of our Towns, or Villages, and if he were but attentive, and honourable in his conduct, and usually to be found in his Office, when he might reasonably be expected to be there, he was sure to be able not only to live in comfort by his profession, but to acquire a position of influence in the community.

I am aware that at the present day this is by no means so certain. I fear, indeed, that largely as the number of clients has increased, yet the number of those who are relying upon the practice of the Law for advancement in the world, or at least for independence, is increasing in a greater proportion.

Still, after all, the door is never closed to genius, or to constant and well directed perseverance. The laborious study, the patience and self-denial of a Kenyon, or an Eldon, cannot always be depended upon for leading in any Country to such eminence as they attained; but it is seldom that they fail to advance to honour and independence those who resolutely rely upon them.

Advice as to the Study of the Law.

If I may be permitted to offer a few words of advice on this occasion, where they may seem rather out of place, I strongly recommend to you to cherish a laudable ambition, to aspire to excellence, and to hope for distinction from studious application, and after you shall be called to the Bar, you should not be discouraged by a few months, or even years, of hope deferred. You would do wisely, too, I think, to make some one branch of the Law an especial object of study,-resolving to know, so far as it may be possible for you, everything that can be known in it, meaning and hoping to become in time an admitted authority in that particular department of the Law, whether your inclination and judgment shall lead you to select the Criminal Law, the Law of Real Property, Commercial Law, or pleading generally, or practice generally.

Such a course would, I believe, insure to the person who pursues it, the advantage of soon being generally and favourably known. He would acquire a reputation which must advance him in his profession, secure for him the confidence and respect of his legal brethren, and make his services sought after by those who have valuable interests to protect.

I can remember too well, how difficult it is in youth to govern ourselves by the maxims of which we shall assuredly feel the truth in our maturer years, whether we shall have conformed to them, or not. Those are happy who consider, at the outset of life, that every individual has his appointed time on earth, that years speed swiftly away, and cannot be recalled, and that to leave behind us some honourable proofs that we have not lived in vain should be our aim, and is what we should, if possible, accomplish. "Stat sua cuipue dies breve et irreparabile tempus, Omnibus est vitae sed faman extendere factis

Hic labor, hoc opus est."

CHAPTER XXXIV.

FACILITIES FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UPPER CANADA, 1864.

In 1866, an Act was passed by the Legislature of Canada, reorganizing the Medical Council of Upper Canada, under the new title of "The General Council of Medical Education and Registration in Upper Canada." It was composed of Representatives from "the University of Toronto, the University of Queen's College, the University of Victoria College, the University of Trinity College, the Toronto School of Medicine, and

of every other College, or Body, in Upper Canada, by law authorized, or hereafter to be authorized to grant Medical, or Surgical Degrees, or Certificates of Qualification to practise Medicine, Surgery, or Midwifery, or either," and of twelve persons to be elected from among the registered Practitioners of Upper Canada." It was empowered to establish a uniform standard of Matriculation for the admission of Students to all the Schools, and to make By-laws and Regulations for determining the admission and enrolling the Students. It shall also have power to determine from time to time a Curriculum of Studies to be pursued by the Students. The Regulations up to that time for obtaining a Medical Education were as follows:

1. That 21 years be the earliest age at which any professional License, or Degree, shall be obtained.

2. That four years' Study be required after Examination in General Education, except as hereinafter provided.

3. That the Professional Examination be divided at least into two distinct parts; that the first be undergone after two years' study, and the final Examination after four years' study.

4. That the Professional Examination be conducted partly in writing and partly viva voce; and that such parts as admit of it be made as practical and demonstrative as possible.

5. That the second Examination be conducted partly in writing and partly riva voce, and practically so far as may be convenient and attainable.

6. That professional examinations by the various professional and licensing bodies be given due notice of to the Registrar, so that one, or more, Members of the Medical Council may be present.

7. That Returns from the various Medical Schools and Licensing Bodies be made annually, on the first of May, to the General Medical Council, stating the number of Candidates who have passed their first, as well as their second, Examinations, and the number of those who may have been rejected at first and second Examinations respectively; the number of those who may be entitled to Registration who shall not have attended Lectures, for at least three Sessions of six months each, in a University, College, or School of Medicine, approved of.

9. Candidates for final Examination shall furnish Testimonials of attendance in the following branches of a Medical Education, namely: Anatomy, Chemistry, Theory and Practice of Medicine, Principles and Practice of Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Materia Medica and Pharmacy, Institutes of Medicine, General and Practical Anatomy, of which two Courses will be required of six months each; Chemical Surgery, Medical Jurisprudence, Botany, Practical Chemistry, of which one Course of three months will be required.

10. Candidates must also give proof by ticket, of having attended at least twelve months' practice of a General Hospital, or that of some other Hospital approved of, and certified to.

11. Moreover, no one shall be permitted to become a Candidate for Examination whose final Course shall consist of less than four subjects of six months each.

12. That Students shall not be permitted to attend any other Lectures, during their first year, than those in the following primary branches, videlicet:-Final and Practical Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Medica and Physiology; nor will the Certificates of any Teachers, who lectures on more than one branch of Medical Science be recognized; and more than one Lecture each day shall not be delivered by the same person, on these primary branches. The Professor of Surgery may lecture on Clinical Surgery; the Professor of Medicine, and the Professor of Materia Medica may lecture on Botany and Medical Jurisprudence.

13. Each Candidate to be required to produce a Certificate of having compounded Medicines for two periods of six months each, or one period of twelve months, in the

Office of a qualified Medical Practitioner, in conjunction with which he must produce a Certificate of having attended at least six cases of Midwifery.

14. Four-fifths of the actual teaching days of the Session must be attended before a Certificate of attendance at said Session can be granted, except in cases of sickness. 15. All Graduates from recognised Colleges in the United States shall Matriculate and attend one full Course of Lectures; and all Students shall matriculate and complete a Course of Study in the College in which they intend to Graduate, equivalent to the Curriculum required by the Council.

16. That from a Student who is a Graduate of any recognised University, or College, only three years of attendance on Medical Lectures shall be required. The Primary Examination shall consist of the following branches:-Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Medica, Institutes of Medicine and Botany, while the final branches shall consist of Practice of Medicine, Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Midwifery, Medical Jurisprudence and Practical Chemistry, Hamilton's Outlines of English History to the present time. Schmitz's Manual of Ancient History, embracing Roman History to the death of Nero, and Grecian History to the death of Alexander, and Part I. of Fownes' Chemistry, be the subjects of Matriculation Examination for Students entering upon the Study of Medicine, in addition to the other subjects specified by this Council.

17. The Regulation shall not act injuriously as to time in regard to those Students who have already attended one or more Courses of Lectures in any Canadian School, but such shall be allowed them.

NOTE. These Regulations have been modified from time to time, as circumstances required and as the advance in Medical Science rendered necessary. See "Sketch of Medical Education in York, U. C.," by Dr. Walter B. Geikie, in the Appendix to the Twelfth Volume of this Documentary History, page 340.

CHAPTER XXXV.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR 1864.

To HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE VISCOUNT MONCK, GOVERNOR GENERAL.

May it please Your Excellency:

During the twenty years I have discharged the duties of my present office, I have never had more satisfaction than now, in presenting my Annual Report of the Normal, Model, Grammar and Common Schools in Upper Canada; for, although the last year has been one of a series of years of depression from the failure of crops, and the derangement of Trade and Finance, on account of the Civil War in the United States, now happily terminated, there has been a larger increase in the Receipts and Expenditures for the support of Schools than during any one of the preceding four years, and a corresponding progress in other respects.

I. Table A.-Receipts and Expenditures of Common School Moneys.-Receipts.

1. The amount apportioned from the Legislative School Grant for Salaries of Teachers in 1864, was $168,225,-increase, $10,152.

2. The amount apportioned and paid from the Legislative School Grant for the purchase of Maps, Apparatus, Prize Books and Libraries, was $8,827,-decrease $27,the conditions always being that an equal sum be provided from local sources, so that the whole sum provided and expended under this head, was $17,654.