Near the last, and on the same side, is the Monte di Pietà. The middle of the square is ornamented by a slender Venetian campanile Tower, 300 feet high, and the Column of St. Mark.

The Piazza del Isola, where the two streams unite, is large, but the buildings are not remarkable.

Other works of Palladio are--Palazzo Porto Barbaran and Palazzo Colleoni Porto, both in Via Porti. "The Barbaran Palace perhaps shows Palladio's style to the best advantage. The proportion of the orders one to another is good, so is that of the solids to the voids; and the whole has a palatial, ornamental air, and with as little false decoration as is perhaps compatible with the style."-Fergusson. Also, the Palazzo Franceschini; Palazzo di Porto, or Cà del Diavolo, in Piazza del Tello, now the Seminary Library; Palazzo Valmarana, with its colossal pilasters; Palazzo Thiene, a large rusticate but unfinished structure, formerly the Douane; Palazzo Trissino dal Vello d'Oro, near the Porta di S. Bartolommeo, on the north side of the city. This last was one of the earliest of Palladio's constructions.

Another Palazzo Trissino, in Via del Giudeci, near the Corso, is by his follower, Scamozzi; and the Palazzo Cordellino, now the Elementary Schools, by another follower, Calderari, and a native of Vincenza, like his predecessors. In the Corso, near Porta di Verona, is Palladio's house. That of Pigafetta, the companion of Magellan, is near the Basilica, in the half-Venetian style of the fifteenth century (1481). Under the windows are carved roses, and the motto, "Il nest Rose sans Espine." The Palazzo del Conte Schio differs from other palaces here in being in the full style of Venetian Gothic.

"Vicenza is a city dear to all admirers of the Renaissance style, not only as being the birthplace of Palladio, but as containing by far the greatest number, as well as the most celebrated productions of his genius. Strange to say, however, it is not in Vicenza that these can be studied to the greatest advantage, as unfortunately, most of them are of brick, concealed under stucco, and are constructed with wooden architraves, and all the shams we blame so much in the architecture of the present day. The city, too, is now sunk into decay, and most of its palaces are deserted, so that the buildings themselves have an air of shabbiness most destructive of architectural effect; and are, in fact, better studied in drawings." (FERGUSSON'S Architecture.)

About forty Churches still remain here; many, of course, of inferior class. Specimens of Mortagna, Andrea Vicentino, and other native artists are abundant.

The Cathedral is a large fifteenth century Gothic church, with a crypt chapel under the choir, which is ascended by twenty steps. It contains some of the best works of Zelotti.

At the Santa Corona are-a fine Adoration of the Magi, by P. Veronese; a Descent from the Cross, by

E

Bassano, a native; a beautiful Baptism of Christ, by G. Bellini; and (over the porch) Christ crowned with Thorns, by Tintoretto, a rich composition. It contains some old Gothic tombs, and mosaic work at the high altar.

S. Micheli's Church possesses a Tintoretto also, St. Augustine Healing the Plague.

At S. Bartolommeo, a Descent from the Cross, by Buonconsiglio, and the Adoration of the Magi, M. Figolino.

At S, Biagio, The Flagellation, by Guercino. At Corpus Domini, the Descent from the Cross, by J. B. Zelotti.

At Santa Croce, the same subject, by Bassano; and Paul Veronese's Dead Christ, in the sacristy. At S Rocca, Healing the Plague, by G. Bassano a fine specimen of this artist.

At Santa Maria de Campagnano, pictures by the same master, and Pordenone.

S. Lorenzo's old Gothic church, which had become a magazine, was restored in 1836. It has a fine porch, and several monuments.

The new *Pinacoteca, or Picture Gallery, is in the Palazzo Chiericato, a vast building, by Palladio, with an arcaded façade of Doric and Ionic columns, lately restored. It contains several pictures, the best of which are-a Holy Family, by P. Veronese; a Madonna, by Guido; a Magdalene, by Titian; a half figure, by A. Carracci; Christ and the Virgin on the Throne, by Bassano; portraits by Bonifacio, Giorgione, &c. An Assumption, by an old Venetian painter, Maestro Paolo, is dated 1333. the most remarkable picture is the *Christ and St. Gregory I., of P. Veronese, which was the chief attraction of the Madonna del Monte Church down to 1848, when it was cut to pieces by the Austrians; it was afterwards patched together, and placed here. Here also are the MSS, and architectural drawings of Palladio and his disciples; with cabinets of natural history, &c.

But

At the Public Library or Biblioteca Bertoliana, open daily, are 30,000 volumes and 300 MSS., including a Latin Bible of the thirteenth century, and rare copies of Italian and other classics.

Outside the Porta del Monte is a triumphal Arch by Palladio, whence a covered arcade of 180 arches, half-a-mile long, terminated by a staircase of 200 steps, conducts to the entrance of the

*Madonna del Monte, a famous convent or pilgrimage, on Monte Berico, whence there is a splendid prospect as far as the Adriatic. Among the paintings is B. Mantegna's Adoration of the Virgin.

On the top of a grassy knoll is the celebrated Rotonda, or* Villa Albertini, a round building, first built by Palladio, for the Marquis Capri, and often imitated; as at Lord Bexley's seat, at Footscray, and at Chiswick. "It is a square of about 70 feet each way, with a recessed portico on each face, of the Ionic order, and enclosing a domical apartment of 30 feet diameter in the centre. It is, perhaps, the most classic and temple-like design ever applied

Anthony is sold, giving the saint's discourse to the fishes, beginning "Cari et amati pesci," and ending with the benediction.

S. Georgio, near St. Anthony's Church, was built 1377, as a Mausoleum for the Lupi family, and has some fresco paintings, by D'Avanzo and Da Zevio.

Gli Eremitani (or the Hermitage Church), near the Arena, built 1376, for the Augustines, has canopied tombs of the Carrara family (an inscription for Jacopo C. is by Petrarch), and Benavides, the priest, by Ammanati; with Quarento's fresco of the Last Judgment in the choir; some by Mantegna and his pupils, &c., in S. Jacopo's Chapel; a St. John Baptist, by Guido, in the sacristy; a funeral urn to William of Orange, by Canova; and a bust by him in the cemetery to Mad. Calemberg. The frescoes by *Mantegna, almost the only frescoes by this master, are falling off the walls, and some of the principal figures have disappeared.

Santa Maria dell' Annunziata or *Madonna dell' Arena, on the site of a Roman Amphitheatre, which the predecessors of Enrico di Serovegno, turned into a castle, was built for him, 1303, by Giotto, who also adorned it with a series of frescoes. It is a small, plain Gothic building, usually called "Giotto's Chapel," pierced with windows on one side only, and contains the founder's monument by John of Pisa, and his statue. *Giotto's Frescoes number forty-three, representing the Life of Christ, and the Legends of the Virgin, and include the celebrated Last Judgment, with the Virtues and Vices, which they say was in part prompted by Dante, with whom Giotto lived at the time. They are on a blue ground, with arabesques, saints, &c., filling up the spaces, which are separated by painted borders, without any attempt at architectural ornament. Copies in chromo-lithography have been published by the Arundel Society. A fee is demanded.

In Scuola del Carmine are paintings by Campagnola, Titian (The Visitation), and P. Vecchio. S. Francesco, built by Sansovino, has paintings by P. Veronese and carved stalls.

Santa Giustina is a handsome lofty building, 307 feet long, on the site of an ancient temple; rebuilt, 1521-49, by A. Riccio and A. Morone; with a fine open lofty nave, and eight cupolas, one of which is 130 feet high. It contains the tomb of St. Luke, by G. Mussato, with P. Veronese's Martyrdom of Santa Giustina, including his own portrait; and a Madonna, by Romanino; beside some seat carvings in the choir.

St. Luke's portrait of the Virgin and Child are also shown. In the cloisters of the great Benedictine Convent to which it is attached, are a very old piece of sculpture (about 1000) and some other clever statues of a later date. It has an excellent library, much of which was dispersed at the Revolution, but it is still rich in first editions, and contains Petrarch's letter to G. Dondi. It is further noted as being on the supposed site of *Livy's Grave, to whom there is an inscription, with a bust marked "P. T. L. C."

Servi di Santa Maria, a Gothic church of the fourteenth century, founded by Francis Carrara's wife (Fina Buzzacarina), has a Madonna over the altar, and a monument to Paolo de Castro and his son (1492).

S. Canzione contains Danini's Miracle of the Miser (with the portrait of Fabricius, the anatomist), and others by A. Riccio.

S. Gaetano was built by Scamozzi, 1586.

The Bishop's Palace (Palazzo Vescovile) has paintings by Ricci and others, one being a portrait

of *Petrarch. At the Seminario for Priests attached to Santa Maria in Vanzo is a library of 55,000 volumes and 800 MSS. It was here that Forcellini brought out his great Latin Lexicon.

The Palace of the University, called Il Bò (ox) from standing on the site of an inn with that sign, was built 1493-1552, though founded in the thirteenth century, by Frederick II., and numbers about 1,000 students, with forty or fifty professors. In its palmy state it could boast of 18,000 students, but then Padua was able to send 110,000 fighting men into the field. It forms a large pile, with a double gallery, by Sansovino, round the beautiful court, in which are arms of learned members from all parts of Europe, with the statue of the handsome Helen Piscopia, who took her degree as a doctor, and died in 1684. Galileo, Fallopius, Fabricius, &c., were professors here. It comprises an Anatomical theatre (a good collection, as old as 1594), Cabinets of physic and natural history, Library of 100,000 volumes, in the hall of the Giganti, attached to the Capitanio (page 49); Botanic gardens, as old as 1546, in which are many tropical plants, as large agaves and cacti, a fan palm (celebrated in a poem by Goethe), magnolia, araucarias, and an ancient plane tree; Observatory (in Eccelino's old tower of Tommaso), and an institute of rural economy. The Observatory commands a view of the plain, the Tyrolese and Euganean Hills, and of Venice (on a clear day).

Forsyth relates that a Venetian Senator being once deputed as a visitor to this university, asked the astronomer if the observatory wanted any instrument. "It wants nothing." said Chiminelli, "except a good horizon." "Horizon!" said the most potent Signor, "why then we must send to London for one." Eccelino's House is now the Santa Lucia Theatre for marionettes. The University Hospital, or Spedale, is in the old Jesuit College, and has a chapel containing Canova s monument of Bishop Giustiniani. Dr. Caius, founder of Caius College, graduated here.

In Via della Delegazione, is the so-called niched sarcophagus of *Antenor, under a brick canopy, near the remains of S. Stefano Church.

Palazzo del Podestà, of the sixteenth century, has paintings by D. Compagnola, Padovanino, &c.

*Palazzo Trente Pappa-fava (or Bean Bread) has Damini's frescoes; and a marvellous group of seventy figures of Falling Angels, cut out of one marble block, by A. Fasolata, in the course of twelve years' work. Above is St. Michael, and

below is Pluto, and the attitudes and grouping of the whole are surprising, considering the circumstances.

"It is a group of sixty figures, representing the angels cast down from heaven, cut out of one solid block of Carrara marble, about 5 feet high. They are in all attitudes that the human form could take in such a headlong descent, and are so animated in appearance that they are almost living. Each angel is separate from the rest, but the whole are twisted and twined together in a complicated manner, and are most exqusitely chiselled, even in the minutest parts. The wonder is how the artist reached the inner portion of the group. The Archangel Michael, forms the top of the pyramid. Fasolata, the artist, had never executed anything ofconsequence before, but his patron thinking the man a genius, took him under his protection, gave him a block of marble, rooms in his palace, and liberal pay, and desired him to execute a group of figures to prove his talent. The artist stipulated that his work should not be seen till finished; and after twelve years he produced this, which is certainly unique. He was afterwards invited to England to execute a similar work, and died there, our guide added, of

home sickness.' The group is now covered with glass, as a Russian General, some time ago, whilst examining it too closely, had the misfortune to knock off a small portion of one finger.". MISS CATLOW's Sketching Rambles.

Palazzo Giustiniani al Santo is a fine building by Falconetto, with Campagnola's frescoes, from Raphael's designs. Count Luigi Cornaro, who wrote on "Long Life," died here, 1566, and it includes a musical rotunda built by him. Palazzo Lazzara a San Francesco has a gallery of paintings of the Venetian school, with many inscriptions, &c. Palazzo Pisani includes an old chapel in which are frescoes, with portraits of the Carrara family.

The small Picture Gallery of the City, or Museo Civico, in St. Anthony's Cloister, contains a fine work by Guercino (Head of J. Baptist), with Padovanino's Woman in Adultery, with the town Library, coins, &c.

Other buildings are the Theatres Nuovo and Nuovissimo, Hospital of S. Giovanni, and the Esposti, or Foundling Hospital, established as far back as 1697. Near the Porto di Torricelle is an old house inscribed "Opifizi di Torricelle," said to have been built in 1217.

Its eminent natives, besides Lily and Pietro d'Abano, are A. Mantegna and Campagnola, the painters; also A. Musalo, the poet, and Davila. Petrarch resided here before his death in 1374; and a statue near the Carmini, was dedicated to him in 1874 at the fifth centenary of this event.

Local rail from Padua to Bagnoli, 17 miles, passing through Cagnola.

By rail to Ferrara, viâ Abano (page 89), Monselice, Este, Rovigo, &c. (Route 20). By rail, viá Camposampiero, Cittadella, to Bassaon (page 50), 30 miles, up the Brenta. At Cittadella there is a short branch to Montebelluna.

From Padua to Venice the country is flat, intersected by numberless canals, and highly cultivated. A local rail, 26 miles, runs to Venice, via Dolo (below) and Fusina.

Ponte di Brenta (Stat.), near the river, is succeeded by

Dolo (Stat.,) where the rail leaves the Brenta, which may be descended in the barge or barca to Fusina, from which you cross the Lagoon to Venice. But the rail runs via Marano (Stat.) to

Mestre (Stat.), where Palladio built a splendid palace for the Barbaro family; and to Fort Malghera, on the mainland, where the shallow Lagoon, or Laguna, not more than thirteen feet deep, on which Venice is seated, opens to view. Fort Malghera was taken, after a bombardment of five days, in 1849, when the Venetians rose against their Austrian masters, under the leadership of Manin and General Pepe, the patriotic Neapolitan, who died in 1855. Forts St. Giuliano and St. Secondo serve to guard other parts of the Lagoon. It is crossed by an immense bridge, or viaduct, 24 miles long, 14 feet high, on 220 arches, 33 feet span, on 80,000 piles driven into the mud. Besides the arches there are several embankments, the largest of which is 450 feet by 100. It cost nearly £190,000 and terminates at Venice on the Canale Grande at Isola S. Chiara. The mainland on which Mestre stands was styled the Dogada in the old times of the republic. Local rail from Mestre to Malcontenta, 34 miles.

Venice (Stat.) (See Route 19.)

ROUTE 14.

Rogoredo (Stat.), the line to Piacenza and the south branches off.

The greater part of the line is over flat, rich meadow land, bordered by trees and intersected by the Naviglio Grande and other canals. At

Villa Maggiore (Stat.) On the right is Binasco Castle, an old seat of the Duke of Milan, in which Beatrice di Tenda, wife of Philip Vis- ' conti, was beheaded, 1418.

Certosa di Pavia (Stat.), so called from the Carthusian Monastery of Pavia, 5 miles from that city, dedicated to the Beata Vergine della Grazie. It is worth visiting for the splendour of its church