A.D.

1873 September 16. King visits Vienna and Berlin. 1874 March 23. Celebrates the 25th year of his reign, at Rome

1875 Garibaldi takes his seat in the Chamber 1876 The King receives the Emperor of Austria at Venice, and the German Emperor at Milan. November 6. Death of Cardinal Antonelli, who leaves his collections to the Vatican November 8. Death of Duchess of Aosta, wife of Prince Amadeo (Duke of Aosta) 1978 January 9. Humbert I. succeeds upon the death of his father, Victor Emmanuel February 10. Leo XIII., Pope, in succession to Pius IX., who died 7th February November. King Humbert's life attempted 1879 March. Queen Victoria visits Baveno, Lago Maggiore

1882 June 2. Death of Garibaldi at Caprera

Books. Among the books quoted in the body of the Italian Hand-book, or deserving the reader's attention, are the following:

Rose's "Letters from the North of Italy," 2 volumes Forsyth's "Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters, in Italy"

Beckford's "Letters from Italy," 2 volumes. 1805 Laing's Notes of a Traveller in Italy," &c. (Traveller's Library). 1854

"Italy," by Lord Broughton (Sir J. C. Hobhouse), 2 volumes. 1859

Whiteside's "Italy in the Nineteenth Century." 1860

Arthur's "Italy in Transition."

1860

Norton's "Notes of Travel and Study in Italy." 1860

Mrs. Gretton's "Englishwoman in Italy," 2 volumes Miss Bremer's "Switzerland and Italy," 2 volumes. 1861

Miss Catlow's "Sketching Rambles in the Apennines, &c," two volumes. 1861

Stansfield's "Italian Movement." 1862 Count Arrivabene's "Italy under Victor Emmanuel," 2 volumes. 1862

Dr. (Bishop) Wordsworth's "Tour in Italy," 1863 Mendelssohn's "Letters from Italy" Gallenga's "History of Piedmont," 2 volumes. 1855. His "Country Life in Piedmont;" and his "Italy Revisited." 1875

Ball's "Guides" to the Western and Central Alps King's "Italian Valleys of the Alps." 1858 T. A. Trollope's "Tuscany in 1849 and 1859." His "Lenten Journey in Umbria." 1862 Misses Horners' "Walks in Florence" Braun's "Hand-Book to the Ruins and Museums of Rome."

1853

J. H. Parker's "Archæology of Rome"

C. Hemans's "Historical and Monumental Rome;" and his "Medieval Christianity"

Dicey's "Rome in 1860." Published 1861
Wills's "Roman Candles." 1861
Dean Burgon's "Letters from Rome"

A. J. C. Hare's "Walks in Rome"

Wey's "Rome," with about 350 engravings

Farini's "History of the Roman States." 1815-60,
translated by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone
Robelli's "Rome et ses Environs"
Nibby's "Itinerario di Roma "

W. W. Story's "Roba di Roma," two volumes. 1863
Story's "Castle of S. Angelo, and the Evil Eye"
Canon Northcote's "Epitaphs from the Cata-
combs;" and his "Roma Sotterranea"

S. A. Smith's "Tiber and its Tributaries: their Natural History and Associations"

Kavanagh's "Summer and Winter in the Two Sicilies." 1860

Horner's "Century of Despotism in the Two
Sicilies." 1860

Admiral Mundy's "Palermo and Naples." 1863
"Garibaldi's Campaigns," by Captain Forbes
Keppel Craven's "Tours in the Abruzzi and
Naples "

Admiral Smyth's "Sicily"

Brydone's "Tour through Sicily and Malta." 1770 Forester's "Rambles in Sardinia and Corsica Murray's Knapsack edition of " Byron's Poems." The notes to the 4th canto of "Childe Harold " are by Lord Broughton

Crowe and Cavalcaselle's "History of Painting in Italy to the 14th century;" and the "History of Painting in North Italy, 14th to 19th centuries"

Simond's "Tour in Italy,"-praised by Dickens.
W. Davies's "Pilgrimage of the Tiber.' 1874
Shakspere Wood's "New Curiosum Urbis." 1875
J. H. Middleton's "Ancient Rome,' 1885
Forbes' "Rambles in Rome." 1887
Monsign. C. A. Pasini's "Guide de la Basilique
St. Mare." 1887

PARIS Station, in Boulevard Diderot. Pass Bercy Wine Stores, Suspension Bridge on the Seine, and Viaduct on the Marne, Charenton, Alfort Veterinary College, and Vincennes Castle, in view to the left.

VILLENEUVE-ST.-GEORGES, 93 miles, on the Seine. BRUNOY.-Wellington was Duke of Brunoy. Brie-Comte-Robert Church to the left.

MELUN.-Capital of department Seine-et-Marne. Large oid Church and Gothic belfry. Great House of Detention on an island. Amyot, who trans

lated Plutarch, was a native. Nangis Castle, and Grange Bleneau, to the left; the latter was Lafayette's seat.

Fontainebleau.-Old Palace, begun as early as twelfth century. One court is the Cour-desAdieux, where Napoleon took leave of his Guards. Louis XVI.'s pillar outside the town. Fine views in the forest.

THOMERY, 3 miles. Noted for chasselas grapes. MONTEREAU.-Buffet for refreshment. On the Yonne and Seine. Junction with the Chaumont line. Jean Sans-Peur's sword in the old church; he was murdered here by Charles the Dauphin.

SENS. Sous-prefecture. Old gates and walls, half Roman. Early Gothic cathedral, with Becket's mitre, &c. Hotel de Ville. Fleurigny Château. VILLENEUVE-SUR-YONNE. - Gothic gates and church; old castle.

JOIGNY.-Sous-prefecture. Good views. Hotel
Ancient château.
LAROCHE.-Refreshment Buffet.

Dieu.

ST. FLORENTIN.--On the Armançon. Good views. Canal de Bourgogne and aqueduet. Church of the XIV. century. Ervy Castle to the left.

TONNERRE.-Buffet for Refreshment. Sous-prefecture, in Burgundy wine district. Rich hospital founded by St. Louis's sister-in-law, Margaret. Old château. St. Pierre's Gothic Church. To the right, Chablis, noted for white wine. The Turin Express does not stop here.

TANLAY.-Fine château of the Tanlay family, in the Renaissance style.

LEZINE Tunnel, 1,740 feet. PASSY Tunnel, 3,280 ft. MONTBARD.--In department Côte d'Or. Buffon's Château, where he wrote his "Natural History." Semur is on a rock to the right.

LES LAUMES.-Alise Abbey, and sulphur spring near; hilly country, and fine views.

VERREY.-Old château. St. Seine Church, in a deep pass, to the left.

BLAISY BAS.-One of the most remarkable tunnels in France, 24 miles long, at the highest part of the line. A succession of tunnels and viaducts hence to Dijon.

MALAIN.-Combe-de-Fain Viaduct near this, 147 feet high, on a double row of arches.

Chief town of

Dijon.-Buffet for refreshment. department Côte d'Or, and old capital of Burgundy. Côte d'Or Hills in view. Cathedral, with tall spire, 328 feet high. Old cathedral church. Ancient Palais des Etats, with ducal effigies, &c. Large prefecture and theatre.

Châlon-sur-Saône.-Sous-prefecture and a Roman station. Two churches. Old bridge and hospital. Here Niépce, one of the French inventors of photography, was born.

TOURNUS.-Suspension bridge on the Saône, Roman pillar. Greuze's paintings in the church. Mâcon.-Chief town of Saône-et-Loire. Modern Cathedral; and towers of the old one. Lamartine born here. The river follows the main line to Lyons.

Here the Mont Cenis line turns off to Chambéry and crosses the Saône on a viaduct.

Bourg, or Bourg-en-Brasse.-Chief town of Aix, founded thirteenth century. Semi-Gothic Church of Notre Dame. Lorin Museum at Hôtel de Ville. Fine Church of Le Brou, built by Margaret of Austria.

PONT D'AIN.-Suspension bridge on the Ain. AMBÉRIEU, at the foot of the Jura Hills. ARTEMARE.-Mont Colombier, 5,000 feet high. CULOZ.-On the Rhône. Here the branch line to Geneva, about 42 miles long, parts off.

Aix-les-Bains.-In Savoy, now part of France. A watering-place, visited for its mineral springs and fine neighbourhood.

Chambéry. For this and the remainder of the road to the Italian frontier, over the fine scenery of Mont Cenis to Susa, see Route 5 (page 560) in the Special Edition of Bradshaw's Continental Guide. For the great Tunnel, see page 559 of the same. Susa to Turin, by rail. See Route 1, following, in this Hand-Book.

Distances from Turin by rail to
Miles.

Miles. Florence (Route 21) 292 Ancona (Route 22). 326 Brindisi (Routes 30,

38)..

500

There are refreshment buffets on the Brindisi line at Ancona, Pescara, Foggia, and Bari.

There is also a service via Calais, Basle, and the St. Gothard to Milan, see Routes 6 and 8 in the Special Edition of Bradshaw's Continental Guide.

***For the approaches to Italy through Switzerland, see the Itinerary of the Alpine Passes and Lakes, and Routes 2, &c., in the Special Edition of Bradshaw's Continental Guide, or see Bradshaw's Hand-Book to Switzerland. For routes via Marseilles, see Bradshaw's Hand-Book to France, or the Continental Guide.