built for B. Bosco, 1420, by A. Orsolino; for the use of sick persons, lying-in women, and orphans. It has a statue of the boy Balillo, who figured at the rising against the French, 1746. Outside the walls is the Casa di Recovero dei Pazzi (Home of Recovery for Lunatics), founded 1838, for 300 patients. The hospital for Incurables, in the Via Giulia, has a portico with marble statues; four rooms for fifty each; and a Lord's Supper by Cambiaso.

A Sordo-Muti, or Deaf and Dumb Asylum, was founded 1801, by Father Assarotti, on Monte di S. Bartolommeo. A Manicomio, or Lunatic Asylum, was built 1834-41, on the east hills, near Porta Pilla, in the shape of a star. Noceti's Infant Asylum was founded by a rich merchant. At Sampierdarena (S. Pier d'Arena, page 21) is the Government Tobacco Factory.

The Conservatorio delle Fieschine was founded, 1763, by the Fieschi family, as an asylum for orphan girls, who learn to weave, embroider, and make artificial flowers, &c. Many similar establishments are under the Sisters of St. Catherine. There is a Protestant Hospital for sailors, well deserving of support from English visitors.

The people are simple in their manners, but have a great reputation for cunning; they are essentially commercial in their habits and instincts, as is to be expected from their having so long held pre-eminence as the greatest merchants and bankers, and as the most adventurous mariners of Europe. The women are well shaped; the poorer dress in a long mezzano or veil. There is a good display of costume at their Casazze or religious processions, especially in Holy Week.

The language is a dialect of the Italian mixed with Spanish, French, and other words. It has no z; they slur the 1, t, and v; saying "dio" for dito; "noo" for nolo, and such like; and they drop the final syllable in words like bastione, which they sound bastion. A collection of Genoese poems has been made in G. J. Cavalli's "Chittara."

Adrian V. was born here, as well as Andrea Doria, and Columbus already mentioned. The illustrious navigator, who, according to his epitaph at Valladolid, "gave a new world to Castile and Leon," was the son of a weaver named Colombo. Paganini, another native, bequeathed his fiddle to his native city. Mazzini was born here 1808.

"On the 12th of May, 1859, the year of the Italian war, the French Emperor made his entry into Genoa, the superb queen of the Ligurian Sea. At dawn of that day, the Genoese people were busily engaged in erecting triumphal arches, and in adorning the balconies of their white marble palaces, with velvet draperies and fresh flowers. The women were in a delirium of joyful expectation, and one might have said that their only occupation consisted in interweaving the laurel leaf with the spotless camellia of their gardens. When I go back in thought to the evening of that day, and think of the magnificent city of Genoa-unquestionably one of the most beautiful towns of the south, and perhaps superior to all others, excepting Naples and Constantinople

-I experience once more the ideal luxury I then enjoyed in the ancient seat of stately Doges and triumphant warriors. The weather, too, was in harmony with the occasion. Shakespeare might have derived the inspiration of that famous line

How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank from the lustre of the white Italian orb which shone that night upon the gardens of the Doria Palace, and the numberless arched loggie of the marble buildings of the Contrada Balbi. The picturesque hills which skirt both sides of the valley of Bisagno, with their elegant villas, were in a blaze of light, from the point of Rebizzo's Casino-the most hospitable of all-to the far-famed Villetta di Negro; and nothing was wanted to complete the beauty of the scene."-COUNT ARRIVABENE'S Italy and Victor Emmanuel.

Some of the manufactures carried on here are gold filigree work, chains, ear-rings, brooches, &c., such as the Maltese and Venetians are noted for; silver plate, wood and marble carvings; inlaid cups and boxes, from fig-tree wood; works in copper, ivory, and coral articles; damasks, velvets, guipure lace, silk, ribbons, cotton, hats, flowers, soap, tobacco, paper, macaroni or pasta, &c.; all these, with rice, oil, olives, fruits, oranges, citrons, &c., the produce of both Rivieras, are exported to the value of £2,000,000 a year; the imports, including raw silk from South Italy, &c., cotton from the Levant, linen from North Europe, amount to £3,000,000. An excursion may be made by he rail to the west, or by omnibus, to the

* Villa Pallavicini, at PEGLI, about half-way. Tickets are got at the Pallavicini Palace, in Genoa; a fee of 2 fr. is given to the gardener. It is a sort of show place in a fantastic style, adorned by its wealthy owner with English, Italian, Turkish, and Chinese gardens; greenhouses, containing tropical plants; a Roman arch, marble temples, obelisks, pagodas; a wonderful grotto, with a stalactite arch; a lake, with dolphin-shaped boats, porcelain seats, and porpoises in the form of squirting jets of water; but one of the best things about it is a glorious prospect of the sea and mountains from the model castle, at the highest point of the gardens.

His

At Villa Spinola, the seat of his friend, Colonel Vecchi, Garibaldi resided, before his expedition to Sicily, in 1860, upon the outbreak of the insurrection against the Bourbons. "Inever advised this Sicilian movement," he said, "but since our brethren are fighting, it is my duty to go to the rescue." motto was, "Italy and Victor Emmanuel!" A regular crusade began; officers and men came in by thousands from all parts of Italy, and embarked under the very noses of the authorities, who could not (and perhaps did not wish to) stop it; such was the magic of Garibaldi's name. Ships cleared out with saltpetre, rifles, and muskets, which were entered as "soda," "chincaglieria" (hardware), and "ferrareccia" (old iron). He embarked 5th May, in two steamers, with 1,067 tried men, leaving Bertani as his agent, to forward reinforcements. Bixio, once

a ship captain like himself, and a Genoese, accompanied him. After landing at Telamone, near

Orbitello, on the Tuscan borders, to organise his little army, he set sail again, and ran into Marsala 11th May. In a few weeks he obtained possession of Sicily; and in 122 days he overran the two Sicilies, and handed over a new kingdom, with nine millions of subjects, to Victor Emmanuel. ROUTE 10.

Genoa, by the Riviera di Levante, to Spezia,

Lucca, Pisa, Leghorn, and Florence. By rail all the way (opened, 1874), to Sestri Levante and Spezia; thence to Pisa, &c. The steamer runs to Leghorn in 12 hours. (See Bradshaw's Continental Guide). Chief stations are as follow:

The Riviera di Levante (i.e., the east edge) as this side of the Bay of Genoa is called, is of the same delightful character as the west side, or Riviera di Ponente. The road climbs the hill, or sweeps round bays of the sea, continually presenting new pictures, while the Apennines on the left, or in front, are covered with churches, villas, olive woods, &c.

From Genoa, the road crosses the Bisagno, and rises towards S. Martino d' Albano, where Byron lived, to

Nervi (Stat.), population, 4,624, and its country-seats. A summer and winter resort in a fine part of the Eastern Riviera. Hotels: Eden; Hotel and Pension Victoria, close to the Station; Grand Hotel and Pension Anglaise. English Church Service.

Recco (Stat). The ancient Ricino, on the Via Aurelia, a pretty town (population, 4,559), with a campanile church. To the right is the promontory and harbour of Portus Delphini, now Porto Fino, rising 2,000 feet high at one point. The Ruta Tunnel through the Ligurian Hills, between Camogli and Sta. Margherita (Hotel: Bellevue), is 3,500 yards long.

Rapallo (Stat.) Population, 10,018. (Hotel: De l'Europe and Pension Prandon. An old place, and a resort for visitors, on a small bay, with a campanile and picturesque tower. It produces tunny fish and coral. Near it is Madonna del Montalegro Church. English Church Service here and at Sta. Margherita.

small bay; population, 4,317. Past Monterosso (Stat.), or Monterosso al Mare, to Spezia. Should the carriage route be preferred, you follow it up to the Pass of Bracco, one of the highest on the road, 1,350 feet above the sea, winding through rocks of coloured marble and granite, clothed with olives, chestnuts, and myrtles. The Apennines are on the left, bounded by the old Duchy of Parma. BRACCO has a fine view of Moneglia Bay, Sestri Point, Porto Fino, &c. Hence, by road, up to the Pass of Velva, 2,100 feet high, where vegetation ends, down to BORGHETTO (population, 1,935), where the chestnuts appear again. Here the peculiar flat cloth head-dress of the women and the small straw hat are seen. Pass along the River Vara to the top of Foce di Spezia, commanding a wide prospect of the beautiful Bay of Spezia, the Apennines, and Carrara Mountains. Spezia (Stat.)

Hotels: Grand Hotel de la Croix de Malte; Grand Hotel Spezia, exceedingly well situated, splendid view; Grand Hotel d'Italie.

English Vice-Consul; and Church Service.

Spezia is a growing naval port, capital of a province, and bathing-place (population,_with suburbs, 30,732), with a Naval Arsenal and Dockyard in progress, and a harbour of 150 acres inside a Mole or Pier, on which 3,000 men are employed. Here the great Danolo was launched, 1878; and here is the 100-ton Gun, made by Sir W. Armstrong, 32 feet long, 17-inch bore; firing a 2,000 lb. shot, with 440 lbs. of powder. It is at the head of the beautiful Spezia Bay, 5 miles by 4, safe, deep, and well guarded by forts built by Napoleon, and surrounded by villas. There is a large Lazaretto, for quarantine. La Polla is a freshwater spring rising out of the sea. Spezia is the ancient Portus Lunæ, or Erycis, giving name to LERICI, on the east side (population, 4,700), a fishing port, where Shelley, the poet, with his friend, Williams, was drowned, 1822. Shelley was then living a solitary life at Villa Magni. The down, in the belief that there was a box of money current story is, that his boat was purposely run on board. His body was burnt on the shore by Byron, and the ashes were then interred in the cemetery at Rome. On the west side is the promontory of black and yellow marble, called after Porto Venere, a picturesque village on the sit of a Temple of Venus, close to which is Palmaria Island, and its olive groves. There is a narrow gauge railway, 3 kil. long, up Monte Cappuccini.

Portor,

It was after embarking at Spezia, 30th July, 1853, to shoot on Capraja Island, 60 miles distant, that Victor Emmanuel was nearly lost in the Gover nolo steamer, by striking on a sunken rock not laid down in the chart. Fortunately another vessel was at hand to save the royal party.

Short line to PONTREMOLI, near the Monte Cisa Pass, over the Apennines, 3,400 feet high.

From Spezia, by railway to MASSA and PISA, 464 miles. It crosses the wide stony bed of the river Magra by a viaduct, which with the new bridge