"In examing and comparing the testimony, it is clear that the Whigs lost a great many more than was reported. . The statement of the associated Colonels reads twenty-eight killed and sixty wounded. In General Lenior's corrected account he says 'there were not near so many of the enemy (British) wounded as were of the Whigs, about forty of whom afterwards died of their wounds.' Lieutenant Allaire mentions 123 wounded altogether, which, weighing Lenior's language, would justify an estimate of British killed and died, 120; wounded, 123; Whigs killed and died, 68; wounded, over 150. The Provincial, who was prisoner, and whose account was afterwards printed, remarks, 'I was pleased to see their (the Whigs) loss superior to ours.' This corresponds almost exactly with Shelby's account, that when the Americans could be rallied and turned in overwhelming force upon the scanty few who had held them in check so gallantly, and, considering the circumstances, so long, the British Provincial regulars and what Loyalists stood up to the work, retreated the whole length of Ferguson's first deployment to the western extremity of the bare crest, where his camp had been originally pitched. Here on the level the horizontal volleys of the Provincial regulars first began to tell, when the American Whigs got up on to the plateau. It is admitted by friend and foe that not one of the Loyalists escaped; if so, Allaire's calculation of force, 906, or 908, proves itself, and Stedman corroborates it 960, Warren makes it only 850.

"It was not a battle, it was a battue; a slaughter, parallel in circumstances, but not as to numbers, with the destruction of Roland and his corps in the defile of Roncesvalles, overwhelmed by the missiles of adversaries who shunned every attempt at an encounter hand to hand.

"Our peope have always put too much reliance in militia, that is, militia proper, for if men have been subjected to real discipline and gone through a baptism of fire, they become soldiers whatever may be the title applied to them; but then militia, in the accepted sense of the word is a misnomer. Colonel Cruger, as gallant an officer as ever drew a sword, wrote to Ferguson only four days before he fell: 'I flattered myself they (the Tory militia) would have been equal to the mountain lads, and that no further call for the defensive would have been on this part of the Province. I begin to think our views for the present rather large. We have been led to this, probably, in expecting too much from the militia.'

"Not one of the British force escaped the catastrophe. It had been completely enveloped, and not a man could extricate himself from the coil. The victors remained upon the field the night after the battle; the next day, 8th, was Sunday. The dead were buried at dawn, but not all; one at least was left to the birds and beasts of prey. Colonel Hanger wrote that the body of Colonel Ferguson was treated with every indignity and left above ground.

If it was interred where his grave is indicated on the plan of Gen,

Graham, it may have been by some of his sorrowing men, since the severely wounded who could not march were left on the field, and the only surgeon carried off a prisoner.

"A much more detailed statement was prepared, but space justly could not be conceded to it. With time, however, this article will be expanded into a volume, with original letters and various interesting collateral testimonies. Thus complete, it will be worthy of the interesting subject, and constitute a memorial to the unfortunate brave.'

J. Watts de Peyster

CHAPTER 3.

Letters of living persons who saw Andrew Jackson; Jackson's resignation from the United States Senate; Jackson's views on the tariff in 1824; Jackson's reply to the charge of being a "Military Chieftan"; letter form Hon. James Maynard of Knoxville to the author; Jackson's letter declining appointment of Minister to Mexico.

In the spring of 1921, the author conceived that it would be of interest to Americans to know the name of any living person who saw General Andrew Jackson when living, and to learn any reminiscences such persons might have connected with him, and especially, to learn any who may have talked to General Jackson or heard him talk to others. The story that such living witnesses might tell, the author thought, would be like the voice of Old Hickory speaking from the land across the border, "The Undiscovered Country" that Hamlet tells about.

In "Andrew Jackson and Early Tennessee History," Vol. 1, there is quoted a lengthy statement to the author by Mrs. Rachael Lawrence, now eighty-nine years of age, who is the daughter of Andrew Jackson, Jr., adopted son of General Jackson, and there is given as an illustration an exact reproduction of the room in which General Jackson died, when and where Mrs. Lawrence, as a girl of twelve years, was present. Mrs. Lawrence is now living about two miles from the Hermitage. When this work was first published she was the only living person known to the author who saw General Jackson.

Investigation has developed that there were, at the time the investigation was made, nine living persons besides Mrs. Lawrence who saw General Jackson, and the author has letters from each. They are, Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore; Rev. W. H. Norment of Whiteville, Tennessee; Howard Waldo of Campbell Hall, New York State; Judge John A. Fite of Lebanon, Tenn.; John B. Murrey of Franklin, Tennessee; J. W. Huddleston of Lebanon, Tennessee; L. Vesey of Memphis, Tennessee; J. W. Tilford of Nashville, Tennessee; and W. H. Hayes of Little Rock, Arkansas. Letters

Dollars.