Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866,

BY CHARLES B. RICHARDSON,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER L

Review of the Battle of Chancellorsville.-Two Defects in the Victory of the Confederates.--"The Finest Army on the Planet."-Analysis of the Victory.-Generalship of Lec.-Services and Character of the great Confederate Leader.-His Commonplaces and his Virtues.-The Situation in Virginia.-Lee's Preparations for the Summer Campaign.-Hooker to be Maneuvered out of Virginia.-Reorganization of Lee's Army. The Affair of Brandy Station.-THE CAPTURE OF WINCHESTER.-The Affair of Aldie's Station.-Lee's Army Crossing the Potomac.-Invasion of Pennsylvania.-Alarm in the North.-Hooker Out-Generalled and Removed.-The Mild Warfare of the Confederate Invaders.-Southern "Chivalry."-General Lee's Error. -His Splendid March from Culpepper Court House to Gettysburg.-Feverish Anticipations in Richmond.-THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.-First Day's Engagement.A Regiment of Corpses.-Charge of Gordon's Brigade.-The Nine Mississippi Heroes. The Yankees Driven through Gettysburg.-A Fatal Mistake of the Confederates.-General Lee's Embarrassments.-THE SECOND DAY.-Cemetery Hill.Early's Attack Almost a Success.-Adventure of Wright's Brigade.-THE THIRD DAY.-Sublime Terrors of the Artillery.--Heroic and Ever-Memorable Charge of Pickett's Division on the Heights.-Half a Mile of Shot and Shell.-Pickett's Supports Fail.-The Recoil General Lee's Behavior.-His Greatness in Disaster.-Im mense Carnage.-Death of General Barksdale, "the Haughty Rebel."-General Lee's Retreat.--The Affair of Williamsport.-Lee Recrosses the Potomac.-Success of his Retreat.-Yankee Misrepresentation.-Review of the Pennsylvania Campaign.-Half of Lee's Plans Disconcerted at Richmond.-Results of the Battle of Gettysburg Negative.--Lee's Retreat Across the Potomac an Inconsequence.--Disappointment in Richmond.--The Budget of a Single Day in the Confederate Capital....................... PAGE 19

CHAPTER II.

Vicksburg, "the Heroic City."-Its Value to the Confederacy.-An Opportunity Lost by Butler.-Lieutenant-general Pemberton.-A Favorite of President Davis.-The President's Obstinacy.-Blindness of Pemberton to the Enemy's Designs.-His Telegram to Johnston.-Plan of U. S. Grant.-Its Daring.-THE BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON.-Exposure of General Bowen by Pemberton.-The First Mistake.— Pemberton's Disregard of Johnston's Orders.-Grant's advance against Jackson.— Johnston's Evacuation of Jackson.-Ilis Appreciation of the Situation.-Urgent Orders to Pemberton.-A Brilliant Opportunity.-Pemberton's Contumacy and Stupidity. His Irretrievable Error.-Yankee Outrages in Jackson.-THE BATTLE OF BAKER'S CREEK, &c.-Stevenson's Heroic Fight.-Alleged Dereliction of General Loring.His Division Cut Off in the Retreat.-Demoralization of Pemberton's Troops.-The Enemy's Assault on the Big Black.-Shameful Behavior of the Confederates.--A

Georgia Hero.-Pemberton and the Fugitives.--IIis Return to Vicksburg.-Recrim. inations as to the Disaster of the Big Black.--How Pemberton Was in the Wrong.— Johnston Orders the Evacuation of Vicksburg.-Pemberton's Determination to Hold It..... PAGE 47

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CHAPTER III.

The Defences of Vicksburg.-Pemberton's Force.-His Troops Reinspirited.-A Memorable Appeal.-Grant's Assault on the Works.-Confidence of the Yankees. Their Repulse and Losses.-Commencement of Siege Operations.-Confidence in Richmond.-Johnston's Secret Anticipation of the Fall of Vicksburg.--His Alleged Inability to Avert it.-Critical Condition of the Confederate Armies in Numbers.Secret Correspondence of Richmond Officials.-Mr. Seddon's Bait of Flattery.-Sufferings of the Garrison of Vicksburg.-Johnston's Attempt to Extricate them.-Proposed Diversion in the Trans-Mississippi.-Its Failure.-A Message from Pemberton. A Gleam of Hope.-An Important Despatch Miscarries.-The Garrison Unable to Fight Their Way Out.-But Their Condition not Extreme.-Pemberton's Surrender on the Fourth of July.-Surprise in Richmond-Mendacity of the Telegraph.-The Story of the Rats and Mules.-Pemberton's Statement as to his Supplies.-His Explanation as to the Day of Surrender.-The last Incident of Humiliation.-Behavior of the Vicksburg Population.-A Rival of "The Beast."-Appearance and Manners of the City under Yankee Rule.-Consequences of the Fall of Vicksburg.-THE YANKEE REOCCUPATION OF JACKSON.-Johnston's Second Evacuation.-The Enemy's Ravages in Mississippi.-How they Compared with Lee's Civilities in Pennsylvania.— THE FALL OF PORT HUDSON, &c.--Enemy's Capture of Yazoo City.--THE BATTLE OF HELENA.--THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI.-Repulse of the Confederates.-Abandonment of Little Rock.-The Trials and Sufferings of the Trans-Mississippi Department.Hindman's Memorable Rule.--Military Autocracy.-The Generous and Heroic Spirit of the Trans-Mississippi.. PAGE 65

CHAPTER IV.

Elasticity of the Spirit of the Confederacy.-What it Taught.-Decay of Confdence in President Davis's Administration.-Ilis Affection for Pemberton.-A Season of Encouraging Events.-THE CAMPAIGN IN LOWER LOUISIANA.-Capture of Brashear City. The Affair of Donaldson.-THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.-Operations of the Enemy on Folly Island.--General Beauregard's Embarrassments-Assault of the Enemy of Fort Wagner.--His Foothold on Morris Island.--Beauregard's Designs. -Bombardment of Fort Wagner.-Second Repulse of the Enemy's Assault.-Gilmore's Insolent Demand.-His Attempt to Fire Charleston.--A Noble Reply from Beauregard.- Bombardment of Fort Sumter.-The Fort in Ruins.-Evacuation of Moris Island by the Confederates.-The Yankee Congratulations.-Devilish Pensities for "the Secession City."-Dahlgren's Part of the Programme.--His Night Attack on Sumter.--Iis Failure.-Safety of Charleston.-Bitterness of Yankee Disappointment. --MORGAN'S EXPEDITION INTO INDIANA AND OHIO.-His Capture et Lecanon.—an Unnatural Encounter.-Murder of Captain Magennis.-The Incursic: Through Indiana. The Yankee Pursuit.-A Chaplain's Trick.-Operations in Ohio.--The Affair of Buffington Island.--Morgan's Attempt to Escape.-His Capture and Imprisonment. Results of his Expedition, Strategic and Material.-The Value of Military Adventure.... E 87

CHAPTER V.

Contrast between our Military Fortunes in the East and in the West.-Some Reasons for our Success in Virginia.-Her Hearty Co-operation with the Confederate Authorities. Her Contributions to the War.--General Bragg's Situation in TennesFee.-Confederate criticisms on General Rosecrans.-Opinion of the "Chattanooga Rebel."-An Extensive Movement Contemplated by Rosecrans.-Bragg's Retreat to Chattanooga.-The Yankees on a Double Line of Operations.-Buckner's Evacuation of Knoxville. THE SURRENDER OF CUMBERLAND GAP.-President Davis's Comment on the Surrender.-THE BATTLES OF CHICKAMAUGA.-Braggs' Evacuation of Chattanooga-Topography of the Battle-field.-Thomas's Column of Yankees in McLemore's Cove.-Disobedience of Orders by Lieutenant-general Hill of the Confederates.Bragg's Orders to Lieutenant-general Polk.-Two Opportunities Lost. Note: Bragg's Secret and Official Report of the Miscarriage of His Plans.-The First Day's Engagement on the Chickamauga.-Second Day.-General Polk's Fight on our Right.-Longstreet's Successful Attack on the Left.-The Grand Charge.-Rout of the Enemy. Longstreet's Message to Bragg.-Forrest Up a Tree.-Bragg Declines to Pursue. His Hesitation and Error.-His Movement upon Chattanooga.-Boast of Rosecrans.-An Empty Victory for the Confederates.-Bragg's Awkward Pause.Discussions of the Campaign.-His Supposed Investment of Chattanooga.-Two Blunders of the Confederate Commander.—Chickamauga a Second Edition of Bull Run. Note: Observations of a General Officer of the Confederate States Army on the Campaign in the West....... PAGE 112

CHAPTER VI.

'olitical Movements in the Fall of 1863.-The "Peace Party" in the North.-The Yankee Fall Elections.-The War Democrats in the North.-The South's Worst Enemies.-Yankee Self-Glorification.-Farragut's Dinner-Party.-The Russian Banquet.-Russia and Yankeedom.-The Poles and the Confederates. -THE POLITICAL TROUBLES IN KENTUCKY.-Bramlette and Wickcliffe.-The Democratic Platform in Kentucky.-Political Ambidexterity.-Burnside's Despotic Orders.-The Kentucky "Board of Trade."-An Election by Bayonets.-The Fate of Kentucky Scaled.—Our EUROPEAN RELATIONS.-Dismissal of the Foreign Consuls in the Confederacy.-Seizure of the Confederate "Rams" in England.-The Confederate Privateers.— Their Achievements.-British Interests in Privateering.-The Profits of So-called "Neutrality."-NAVAL AFFAIRS OF THE CONFEDERACY.--Embarrassments of Our Naval Enterprise.-The Naval Structures of the Confederates.-LEE'S FLANK MOVEMENT IN VIRGINIA.-Affair of Bristoe Station.-Failure of Lee's Plans.-Meade's Escape to Centreville.-Imboden's Operations in the Valley.--Capture of Charlestown. --OPERATIONS AT RAPPAHANNOCK BRIDGE.-Kelley's Ford.-Surprise and Capture of Hayes' and Hoke's Brigades.-Gallantry of Colonel Godwin.-Lee's Army on the Rapidan.-THE AFFAIR OF GERMANIA FORD.--Meade Foiled.-The "On-to-Richmond" Delayed..... .PAGE 140

CHAPTER VII.

The Chattanooga Lines.--Grant's Command.-The Military Division of the Missis Eippi.-Scarcity of Supplies in Chattanooga.-Wheeler's Raid.--Grant's Plans.--He Opens the Communications of Chattanooga.-THE AFFAIR OF LOOKOUT VALLEY.Relief of Chattanooga --THE BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE.-Bragg's Unfortunate

Detachment of Longstreet's Force.-His Evacuation of Lookout Mountain.- Ine Attack on Missionary Ridge.-Hardee's Gallant Resistance.-Rout and Panic of the Confederates.-President Davis's First Reproof of the Confederate Troops.-Bragg's Retreat to Dalton.-Cleburne's Gallant Affair.--LONGSTREET'S EXPEDITION AGAINST KNOXVILLE.-More of Bragg's Mismanagement.-Insufficiency of Longstreet's Force. --Difficulty in Obtaining Supplies.--His Investment of Knoxville.-An Incident of Personal Gallantry.-Daring of an English Volunteer.-Longstreet's Plans Disconcerted. The Assault on Fort Sanders.-Devotion of Longstreet's Veterans.--The Yankee "Wire-net."--The Fatal Ditch.--Longstreet's Masterly Retreat.-His Position in Northeastern Tennessee.-He Winters his Army there.--THE AFFAIR OF SABINE PASS, TEXAS.--THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI.-Franklin's Expedition Defeated.→→ The Upper Portions of the Trans-Mississippi.-The Missouri "Guerillas."--Quantrell.--Romantic Incidents.-THE VIRGINIA-TENNESSEE FRONTIER.--Operations of General Sam Jones.-An Engagement near Warm Springs.-The Affair of Rogersville.-BATTLE OF DROOP MOUNTAIN.--The Enemy Baffled.-Averill's Great DecemDer Raid. The Pursuit.--THE NORTH CAROLINA SWAMPS.--The Negro Banditti in the Swamps.-Wild, Butler's "Jackal."--His Murder of Daniel Bright.—Confederate Women in Irons.-Cowardice and Ferocity of the Yankees..... PAGE 159

CHAPTER VIII.

The President's Declaration to the Confederate Congress of 1863-64.-"Want of Capacity" in the Confederate Authorities.-Character of Jefferson Davis.-Official Shiftlessness at Richmond.--Early Prognostications of the War.-The "Statesmauship" of the Confederates.-Ludicrous Errors of Confederate Leaders.—What “King Cotton" might have done.-Gross Mismanagement of the Confederate Finances.-Mr. Memminger's Maladministration.-The Moral Evils of an Expanded Currency.-The Military Situation in December.-Secretary Seddon's Shameful Confession.-" Demagogism" in the Confederate War Department.-Seddon's Propositions.-Military "Substitutes."-An Act of Perfidy.-Bullying in Congress.-Spirit of the Confederate Soldiery.—LINCOLN'S "PEACE PROCLAMATION."—Its Stupidity, Insolence, and Outrage. How the Confederates Replied to it.-A New Appeal Against "Reconstruction."-THE SLAVERY QUESTION IN THE WAR.-A French Opinion.-The Abolitionists Unmasked.-Decay of European Sympathy with Them.-Review of Lincoln's "Emancipation" Policy.-The Arming of the Blacks.-The Negro Colonization Schemes.-Experiments of New England "Civilization" in Louisiana.-Frightful Mortality of "Freedmen."-The Appalling Statistics of Emancipation.The Contraband Camps in the Mississippi Valley.-Pictures of Yankee Philanthropy. "Slavery" Tested by the War.-The Confederates the True Friends of the African Laborer. The System of Negro Servitude in the Confederacy.-The "War-to-theKnife" Party in the North.-HISTORY OF THE "RETALIATION" POLICY.-The Outrages of Yankee Warfare.-President Davis's Sentimentalism.-The Record of his Unpardonable and Unparalleled Weakness.-A Peep into Yankee Prisons.-The TortureHouses of the North.-Captain Morgan's Experience Among "the Convict-Drivers." -President Davis's Bluster.-His Two Faces.-Moral Effects of Submission to Yankee Outrage.-The Rival Administrations in December 1868.-Richmond and Washington. Mr. Lincoln's Gaiety.-New Issues for the Confederacy....... . PAGE 180

CHAPTER IX.

The Importance of the Winter Campaigns of the War.-A Series of Remarkable vents. Encouragement of the Confederacy. ROSSER'S RAID. A Magnificen Prize.--PICKETT'S EXPEDITION AGAINST NEWBERN.-The Fight on Bachelor's Creek.