Abrogation of treaties, 268, 269.
Abuse of flag of truce, 328; of neutral
territory, 390-396.
Accretion of territory. 115.
Acquisition of territory, 114-119; of
Louisiana, 116; of Florida, 116; by
lease, 117.
Adams, Chas. Francis, 83.
Adams, John Quincy, 96, 284.
Adjudication of prizes, 462, 463.
Admiralty Manual, British, 440.
Aerial jurisdiction, 357–359.
Aerial warfare, 54, 355; and the laws
of war, 359, 360.
Aeronauts (balloonists), 317, 355, 360.
Africa, case of the, 446.
African chartered companies, 64.
African continent, 51, 53, 64, 73, 74,
91, 98, 115, 118, 119, 135-147, 175,
221, 304.
African slave-trade, 45, 154, 155, 163.
Agents of the state, 199, 200; as per-
sona non gratæ, 199, 200, 205, 206,
212, 213; without diplomatic or con-
sular character, 213-216.
Ages, the Middle, 27-32.
Agreements, international, 237; and
rules of international bodies, 17, 18.
Air-ships in war, 355-357.
Aix-la-Chapelle, congress of, 41, 202,
297.
Alabama, the, 49, 51, 276, 346, 452;
case of rescue from, 49, 403; claims,
50, 51, 276; rules as to neutral
duties, 50, 51, 403, 406; construction
and equipment of, 50, 51, 403, 406,
408.
Alaska, 116, 121, 278.
Aleutian Islands, 158.
Alexandroff, case of, 192, 193.
Alexieff, Admiral, 317, 355.
Alienation of territory, 377, 379.
Aliens, 175, 176, 185–189.
Allegiance, of persons, 175–178; dual,
183, 185.
Alverstone, Lord, opinions of, 2, 9.
Amalfitana, tabula, 10.
Amazon, the, 135.
Ambassadors, 197; immunities of, 206-
210.
Ambrose Light, case of, 78.
American Civil War, 48, 49, 50, 51, 77,
82-84, 91, 148, 149, 227, 305, 321,
337, 346, 350, 373, 388, 389, 399-
403, 405, 419, 447, 448, 452; recogni-
tion of belligerency of Confederates,
82-84; see Appendix I.
American Indians, 69, 250.
Amicable settlement of disputes of
states, 271, etc.
Amphyctional Council, 25.
Analogues of contraband, 442.
Anarchists, 183, 184, 186.
Ancient peoples, usages of, 20, etc.
Andes Mountains, 121.
Angary, right of, 415, 416.
Anna, case of, 115.
Antivari, 124.
Approach, right of, 155, 156.
Araunah, case of, 157.
Arbitration, 274-277; treaties, 276;
cases of, 276-278; obligatory, 278,
279.
Area, of right of search of slave-trade,
154; of maritime war, 332.
Argentine Republic, 122, 191.
Armaments, limitation of, on Great
Lakes, 124.
Armed forces of the state, 298, 299.
Armed intervention, 296, 297.
Armed merchantmen, 335.
Armed neutrality, the, 42, 44.
Armistices, 328, 329.
Armor-plates as contraband, 429.
Arms and munitions of war, export and
trade in, 403, 439.
Army followers, 298.
Arrest, beyond the marine league, 129,
130; within legations, etc., 206-212.
Arts or sciences, protection of works of,
326, 372.
Aryol, or Orel, case of, 345.
Asia, 100, 407.
Asylum, right of, on ships of war, 162-
164; on merchant vessels, 169-174;
in embassies and legations, 210-212.
Atlantic Ocean, 148.
Attachés, naval and military, 204.
Attack of enemy public vessels, 334-
336.
Attainment of independence of a state,
75, 76: from an insurgent commu-
nity, 76, 77.
Attitude of United States as to pacific
blockade, 291, 292.
Austen, John, 3.
Australia, 221.
Austria (Austria-Hungary), 45, 49, 57,
76, 101, 177, 179, 195, 200, 214, 225,
269, 384, 461, 476, 479; case of Mar-
tin Koszta, 177, 178; immunity of
private property at sea in war with
Italy, 340, 341.
Authorities in international law, 15,
16, 18-20, 30-35; see separate list of
authorities.
Automatic contact mines, 337.
Auxiliary vessels in war-time, 337-340,
345.
Bahama Islands, as entrepôt of block-
ade, 419.
Balance of power in Europe, 99, 100.
Balkan War, 356.
Balloons in war, 355–357, 359, 360, 479;
projectiles from, 359, 360, 479; as
contraband, 430.
Baltic powers, 44.
Baltic Sea, 134, 148.
Barat of Turkey, 225.
Barbarous forces, 317.
Barbed wire as contraband, 430.
Barrundia, case of, 171-173.
Base of operations for belligerent men-
of-war, 401, 402.
Basis of international law, 14-20.
Bays: of Newfoundland, 126; Chesa-
peake and Delaware, 126.
Belgium, 45, 65, 66, 75, 88, 166, 386,
479; neutralization of, 45, 65, 75,
166, 180, 394, 479.
Belligerency, state of, 53; recognition
of, 82-85; see Appendix I.
Belligerent rights, 315–317.
Belligerents, 141, 313, 314, 315-317,
318-324, 373, 390, 395, 405, 451;
loans to, 395; in neutral territory,
398, etc.; acts from neutral territory,
401, 402, 408, 413, 415; closing of
neutral ports to, 402, 404, 405.
Bentham, Jeremy, 3.
Bering Sea, 149, 151; arbitration as to
fur-seal fisheries, 149-150, 151.
Berlin, congress of, 238; treaty of, 163,
244, 269.
Berlin conference, 238, 269, 375.
Berlin decree, 44.
Bermudas, in the American Civil War,
419.
Bernard, Montague, 5, 238.
Besieged towns, useless mouths, 313.
Bill of sale for American vessels, 153,
154.
Bills of exchange, 430.
Bismarck, 374.
Black Sea. 124, 132, 133, 147, 268;
neutralization of, 51, 124, 132, 133;
arsenals, etc., 268.
Blackstone on international law, 9.
Blaine, Secretary, on Clayton-Bulwer
treaty, 140, 141, 149.
Blair, Hon. H. W., Chinese object to,
200.
Blockade, 418-426; pacific, 289–292; as
operation of war, 418, etc.; area of,
418, 419, 424, 425; effectiveness of,
419, 420; must be continuous, 420;
entry of neutral men-of-war, 420, 421;
declaration of, 421, 422; notification
of, 422, 423; breach of, 423, 425; pur-
suit of vessels breaking blockade,
424, 425; zones of, 424, 425; duration
of liability to capture, 425; by arti-
ficial mines, 477, 478.
Blount, Jas. H., in Hawaii, 215.
Bluntschli, 11.
Boer War, 53, 72, 74, 346, 388, 436.
Boggs, Rear-Admiral, 164.
Bombardment, of undefended places.
325; of private houses, 325; by naval
forces, 350, 351.
Booty. (See Pillage.)
Borneo, 68, 118.
Bosnia, 269.
Bosphorus, 132, 133; exclusion of men-
of-war, 132; treaties concerning, 132.
Boundaries of states, 119–123.
Boxer movement, 102.
Brazil, 75, 77, 79, 80, 163, 164, 183, 264.
284.
Brett, Justice, in case of Parlement
Belge, 166.
Bright, John, 7.
Bristol Channel, 131.
British Africa, 118.
British foreign enlistment act, 386, 387.
British Guiana, 119.
British India, 68, 221.
British merchant vessels, arming of,
British Orders in Council, 44.
Brussels code of land warfare, 54, 311.
Bulgaria, 52, 76, 88, 133.
Bunch, Mr., consul at Charleston, 227.
Bundesrath, 245.
Bureau of information for prisoners,
323.
Burlingame, case of, 199.
Bynkershoek, 15, 18, 38, 39, 149, 211,
304, 384.
Cables, submarine, in war-time, 351-
353; interruption of, 351, 352; Eng-
lish regulations concerning use in
Spanish-American War, 352.
Cabotage, 128, 449, 451.
Canada, 104, 105, 120-122, 124, 131,
221, 278, 289, 306.
Canal, Panama, 139-145; Bulwer-Clay-
ton treaty, 139; Hay-Pauncefote
treaty, 139, 140; Hay-Bunau-Varilla
treaty, 143-145.
Canal, Suez, regulations concerning the,
138.
Canals, interoceanic, 134-145.
Canning, Mr., on neutrality, 386.
Cape Colony, 75.
Capitulations in war-time, 328.
Capitulations of Turkey, 124, 219, 231,
234, 235.
Capture, right of, 340, 347; of enemy
merchant vessels, 340-345; of neu-
tral vessels, 409-411.
Captures, with respect to peace, 376.
Care of sick and wounded, 324.
Caribbean Sea, 147.
Caroline in Canada, case of, 104, 105.
Carriage of contraband, 427; of des-
patches by neutral vessels, 442-446.
Cartel ships, 336.
Carthage, laws of, 24.
Case of Franconia, 9.
Castro, President, case of, 197.
Central America, 98, 99.
Ceremonials, naval, etc., 4, 5, 110; to
diplomatic officers, 201, 202, 222.
Cessation of warfare, 372-376.
Cession by conquest, 377, 379; by pur-
chase, 116.
Chablais, cession of, 66.
Chancellor in German Legation in
Chile, case of, 210.
Changes of governments, 88-90.
Chargé d'affaires, 203, 221.
Charlton, case of extradition of, 190.
Chartered companies, 64.
Chartered transports under foreign flag,
Chesapeake, seizure of, 399.
Chesapeake affair in 1807, 288, 289.
Chesapeake Bay, 126.
Chiefs of state, 195-197.
Chile, 80, 129, 130, 191, 210, 372.
China, 51, 88, 102, 119, 130, 176, 183,
188, 199, 200, 215, 224, 231, 250, 290,
478.
Chinaware, not contraband, 431.
Chinese, naturalization of, 183.
Chino-Japanese War, 388.
Christine of Pisa, 30.
Citizen, declaration of intention to be-
come, 181, 182.
Citizens, abroad, jurisdiction over, 175,
178; protection of, 175, 176.
Citizenship, by birth, 178-180; by nat-
uralization, 181-185; of seamen on
board American vessels, 184-185;
of women, 184; and military service
requirements, 184.
Civil War, American, 48, 49, 50, 51, 77,
82-84, 91, 148, 149, 227, 305, 321,
337, 346, 350, 373, 388, 389, 399-403,
405, 419, 447, 448, 452; termination
of, 373; commencement of, 381; neu-
trality during, 388, 396.
Classification of states, 61; of unneutral
service, 442–447.
Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 98, 139, 140-
142.
Cleveland, President, 415.
Clocks as contraband, 432.
Closing of ports by neutrals, 404, 405.
Clothing as contraband, 428.
Coal as contraband, 430.
Coaling in neutral ports, 407.
Coast fisheries, exemption of, 343, 344.
Coasting trade, 449-451, 473.
Cockburn, Justice, 9, 82.
Code of Manu, 22.
Codes, 18; individual, 11.
Codification of international law, 10, 11.
Colliers, 335.
Collisions, 150-151.
Colombia, 75, 86, 102, 139, 145.
Colonial possessions, 62.
Colonial protectorates, 68.
Colonies, Spanish-American, 387, 388.
Colonization, 73, 74.
Combatants and non-combatants, 309,
312-318, 391.
Comity of nations, 4, 5.
Command of the sea, 333.
Commencement of peace, 253, 254, 329,
370.
Commencement of war, 294-297, 376,
Commerce during war, 301, 304, 340.
Commissions of inquiry, 277, 278.
Communities, not subjects of inter-
national law, 63.
Compensation for capture when illegal,
468, 469.
Compromis, 272.
Conception Bay, 126.
Concert of Europe (see Balance of Eu-
rope), 100.
Conditional contraband, 429, 430, 434,
435, 436.
Conditions of sovereign states, 61, 62.
Confederacy, 76.
Confederacy, Southern, 49, 77, 82-84,
91, 227, 305, 373.
Confederate States, recognition of bel-
ligerency of, 82-84.
Conference, London Naval, of 1909, 57,
58, 59, 194, 455, 458-460.
Conferences, international, and con-
gresses, 238-241.
Conferences of The Hague, 52–56, 240,
276, 278, 281, 295; see also Hague
conventions.
Constraint short of war, 283, etc.
Consul, definition of, 220–223; general
functions of, 220-223; exercising
diplomatic functions, 221; powers
exercised by naval officers, 222; clas-
sification and precedents, 223-225;
rights and privileges of, 228, 229;
acting for other governments, 229;
duties of, 230-232; where exterri-
toriality exists, 231, 234; in time of
war, 232; and marriages, 232; ter-
mination of functions, 233, 234; with
judicial functions, 234, 235.
Consul at Charleston, case of, in Civil
War, 227.
Consular courts, marshals of, 224.
Consular systems of foreign countries,
232, 233.
Consulates, immunities of, 228, 229.
Consuls, historical sketch of, 218–220.
Continuity of states, 88, 89.
Continuous voyages, 425, 433, 434, 435,
436.
Contraband of war, 427-441; definition
of, 427, 428; arms as, 428; horses as,
428; absolute, 428, 429; enumeration
of articles, 428-431; foodstuffs as,
429, 430; money as, 429, 430; con-
ditional, 429-431; destination of, 433-
436; seizure of, 433-440.
Contraband trade, penalty of, 436–440.
Contract debts, convention for
covery of, 279, 350, 351.
Contributions, 306, 307, 326, 351, 367-
371.
Conventions applicable to maritime
warfare, 343, 346, 347, 349–353, 398-
409, 411-413, 416, 418-426, 428-438.
Conversion of merchantmen into war-
ships, 337-340, 475, 477; on the high
seas, 475-477.
Convoy, vessels under neutral, 411-412;
vessels under enemy, 412.
Copenhagen, battle of, 105-107
Corinto affair, 288.
Corporations, chartered, 64.
Corporations as citizens, 63, 64, 185,
276, 280, 281.
Costa Rica, 170.
Courtesy, international, 4, 5.
Courts of arbitration at The Hague,
277-282.
Crandall on treaties, 246, 252.
Crete, 290, 291.
Crews of captured merchantmen, 344.
Crimean War, 47, 133, 303, 308.
Criminals, extradition of, 189–192.
Crusades, the, 29.
Cuba, 68, 78, 79, 81, 84, 86, 96, 102,
107-109, 124, 158, 221, 244, 388.
Culebra, 158.
Custom, a source of international law,
14, 15.
Customs and rules of peoples in early
days, 15.
Cyprus, 117.
Dana, R. H., 17, 18, 82, 83, 251, 341:
see Appendix I.
Danish fleet at Copenhagen, 105.
Danish West Indies, 176.
Danube, 45, 135.
Dardanelles, 130, 132, 133.
Dark and Middle Ages, 27-30.
Days of grace, 473, 474.
Debts, contract, recovery of, 279.
Decisions of arbitral and judicial tri-
bunals, 17.
Declaration of London, 1909, 11, 12,
57, 58, 59, 241, 311, 389, 411-413,
418-426, 428-440, 442-446, 454, 455,
456, 458, 462, 468, and also Appendix
IV; accompanying report of com-
mittee, 421, Appendix IV.
Declaration of Paris, of 1856, 11, 47-
49, 311, 419, 471, 472.
Declaration of St. Petersburg, 1868, 11.
Declarations of: war, 294-296; neutral-
ity, 396, 397; blockade, 421-423; con-
traband, 429-431; see Outbreak of
War, etc.
Deerhound and Alabama, 452.
De facto governments, 90, 91.
Definition of international law, 1.
Definition of a sovereign state, 61.
De Jure Belli ac Pacis. (See Grotius.)
Delaware Bay, 126.
Denmark, 42, 74, 105, 106, 252.
Deserters, extradition of, 192, 193.
Despatches, carriage of, in war-time by
neutrals, 442, 444, 445.
Destruction of enemy's property on
shore, 325, 326.
Destruction of enemy's vessels as prizes,
348, 349.
Destruction of neutral prizes, 453-456.
Devastation in warfare, 312, 314.
Development of international law, 37,
etc.
Development of neutrality, 383-389.
Dignity and honor of the state, 109–110.
Diplomacy, 5, 6.
Diplomatic agents, 199-210; appoint-
ment and reception of, 199-202; re-
fusal to receive, 200; en route to posts,
201, 202; reception of, 201, 202; rank
and classification of, 202–204; duties
of, 204-206; immunities of, 206, 207;
rights and privileges of, 206-210; im-
munity from criminal proceedings,
207, 208; household of, 208; right of
inviolability, 208.
Diplomatic and naval services, rela-
tions of, 198, 199.
Diplomatic corps, 203–205.
Diplomatic immunities, 208–212.
Diplomatic intercourse, 197-199.
Diplomatic mission, termination of,
212-213.
Diplomatic relations, suspensions of,
283-285.
Diplomatic service of the United States
confined to citizens, 199.
Distinction between state and govern-
Documents carried by vessels of the
United States, 156, 157.
Dogger Bank case, 17, 53, 277.
Domain, public and private, 113, 114.
Domicile, 179, 180; as to aliens, 187,
189; of students, 189; in naval war,
461.
Don Pacifico, case of, 288.
Due diligence of neutral powers, 408,
409.
Duties of consuls, 220, etc.
Duties of a sovereign state, 97, 98.
Effect of recognition of belligerency, 82-
84, 85; upon states and individuals,
293-299.
Effect of war, upon treaties, 264-268;
upon combatants and non-combat-
ants, 300-305; as to property, 305-
308.
Effective blockades, 419, 421.
Effects of outbreak of war 296, 297.
Egypt, 67, 136, 242.
Egyptians, 24.
Ellenborough, Lord Justice, 97.
Embargo, 288.
Embassies and legations, right of asy-
lum in, 210-212.
Emigration, 184.
Enemy's character in maritime war-
fare, 305, 346, 347, 461, 462, 474,
478.
Enemy's merchant vessels, at outbreak
of war, 297; capture of, 340–343; de-
struction of, 348, 349.
England. (See Great Britain.)
Enlistment acts, 386-389.
Envoys bearing flags of truce, 327, 328.
Equality of states, 62, 63.
Equipment of vessels of war in a neu-
tral state, 403-409, 413.
Escape from capture as prisoner of war,
320.
Ethics, international, 6, 7.
Events bearing upon international law
since 1909, 59.
Exchange, case of, 159, 160.
Exchange of prisoners, 322-324.
Exclusion of aliens, 186, 187.
Exemption of coast fisheries from cap-
ture, 343, 344.
Exemption of convoy from search, 411.
412.
Exequatur of consuls, 225, 226.
Expeditions, hostile, 413, 415.
Explosive bullets, 310, 324.
Expulsion of aliens, 187.
Exterritoriality, 188.
Extinction of states and governments,
91, 92.
Extradition, 189-192; of political cases,
190-192; of deserters, 192, 193.
False colors, use of, 324.
Fisheries, Newfoundland, 59; pearl, of
Ceylon and Persian Sea, 127; Bering
Sea, 149-151; North Sea, 151; on the
high seas, 151.
Fishing vessels, exemption of, 343, 344.
Flag, transfer of, 458, 460.
Flags, for maritime service, 152; use of,
152.
Flags of truce, 327, 328.
Floating mines on the high seas, 477,
478.
Florida, the case of the, 399.
Foodstuffs, 305, 429, 430.
Force of usage and custom, 2, 3, 14, 15.
Forced loans, 368, 369, 370.
Forced military service from enemy,
319, 325.
Forces of the state, 298.
Foreign consular jurisdiction, 234, 235.
Foreign consular systems, 232, 233.
Foreign flag, transports under, 166, 167.
Foreign ports closed in time of war and
peace, 158.
Foreign sovereigns, 195, 197.
Formation of states, 72, etc.; by occu-
pation or colonization, 73, 74; by
attainment of civilization, 74, 75; by
division of a state, 75; by combina-
tion of minor states, 76.
Fortifications, 310, 313, 319, 325, 326.
France, 33, 41, 43-49, 57, 68, 74, 76, 86,
110, 138, 179, 180, 201, 213, 219, 232,
245, 289, 300, 304, 338, 341, 359, 373,
374, 375, 394, 453, 461, 476, 479.
Franco-German War, 49, 65, 76, 176,
273, 304, 306, 313, 316, 338, 355, 370,
371, 374, 375, 377, 378, 388, 402, 416.
Franconia, case of, 9.
Frankfort, treaty of, 375, 377, 378.
Free list as to contraband, 4, 31.
Freedom of the high seas, 148-152; re-
strictions of, 154.
French ordinance of 1681, 18, 41.
French prize-courts set up in America,
385.
French Revolution, 41, 43, 44, 384.
French rule as to merchant vessels, 168,
169.
Fuel as contraband, 430.
Fuel for belligerent vessels of war, 406,
407.
Fugitive slaves on board vessels of war,
162, 163.
Fuller, Chief Justice, 78.
Fundamental rights and duties of states,
97, 98.
Gallatin, case of, 209, 210.
Gamez, case of, 170, 171.
General Armstrong, case of the, 399.
Gênet, M., in the United States, 385.
Geneva arbitration and tribunal, 50, 51.
Geneva conventions as to sick and
wounded, 1864-1869, 11, 50, 310, 311,
317, 324, 336, 345, 346, 451 452.
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