4 was to kill several of the enemy, whilst their efforts were attended with little effect, the slots mostly falling short of the objects they were aimed at; indeed, I neither saw rheard of any mischief done by them, saless the killing of a mule may be considered deserving of that appellation. In one instance I noticed a detachment, casting, I should think, of more than a hundred of the enemy, take possession of abase on the side of a hill, from whence they were speedily dislodged by the British artillery, the first shot from whom penetrated completely through the house, compelling them to seek safety on the height by a precipitte flight. Now, all military men know the frequency, and the power of accident: we do not deny these facts; but the inference dawn from them must not be too general. Secondly, Mr. M. estimates the French army, in line, at upwards of 30,000 troops. But in truth, the number of French troops actually brought into action was not half that number, it might be 14 to 16,000 at most. The following extracts will be read with interest. On the 20th of Dec. we arrived at the foot of one of the highest mountains in Gallicia, which we were to pass over, in the road from Nogalaz to Villa Franca, seven English miles in ascent, in the most severe weather I ever experienced, the cold being intense, and companied by a heavy fall of snow; on this occasion, I had an opportunity of witnessing the superior physical strength of the British soldier; for while the native drivers and cattle were exhausted and unable to proceed, some ding, and others actually dead with the severity of the weather, the soldiers who formed the detachment, although principally composed of convalescents, encountered every severity with cheerfulness, and overcame every difficulty with spirit. I cannot here omit an instance of another predominant trait in the character of my countrymen. A soldier of the 76th regiment having found a Spanish child almost exhausted in the snow, wrapped it in his great coat, and carried it to a hut nearly at the summit of the mountain, where I was obliged to take refuge in consequence of my mules being unable to proceed, and where I had the satisfaction to see the poor child preserved from premature death by the humane exertions of thus mun. "All are not men who wear the human form." KOTZEBUE. from Portugal. On the authority of a private communication we state, that in the mountainous district of Portugal adjacent to Spain, on the 7th of November, "We lost seven of our men upon the road, they were perished to death by wet and cold." As to the reported dislike shewn by the Spaniards to the British, we believe that it was neither more nor less than what villagers in all countries would manifest at the sudden, unexpected, and unforeseen approach of an army. This is in no case a pleasant event: but when we consider the difference of languages, by which to convey a statement of wants,, the penury of the Spaniards, arising from unfavourable harvests, and their absolute inability, therefore, to supply such sudden demands, together with the inclement season of the year, and the nature of a mountainous region, we shall find sufficient reasons for the privations suffered by the British, without referring to any hostile disposition, either open or latent, on the part of the Spaniards.-Were not their own countrymen, as indifferently, we might say, as negligently, provided for? Notwithstanding the bigotry and hatred of heretics usually ascribed to the Roman Catholic priests, I with pleasure observed that these persons on all occasions appeared extremely anxious to do every thing in their power to promote the comfort, and contribute to the accommodation of the sick and wounded of the British army.-Many English officers were greatly indebted to the hospitality and kindness of Spanish monks and friars, who (though by no means in possession of au abundance of the good things of this life) were emulous to share their stores with the distressed. Indeed, the manners, customs, and mode of living in Spain are so widely different from those of England, that every candid and liberal-minded person should make great allowances for these circumstances, in forming an estimate of the sentiments and disposition of the inhabitants, more especially at a period during which they were exposed to such alternations and vicissitudes, privations, and distresses, as might rationally be presumed to have a material influence on the natural bias of their temper, which has ever been allowed to be "noble, generous, and humane.” Englishmen are so accustomed to the enjoyment of every comfort and accommodation in their own country, that they feel more This severity of the weather is remark-sensibly than the inhabitants of other nations able: but not less acute were the sufferings the difficulties and inconveniencies to which of that part of our army which marched they are under the necessity of submitting m 1 "I thank you for it, and may you live many years! " their visits to the Continent. There is no country in Europe perhaps so well calculated to conquer British prejudices as Spain, the We would, however, clear the Spanish hardships and privations the traveller must sustain, in a short period, inuring him to the character from the inhumanity which patient endurance of what cannot possibly be might be inferred from this statement. avoided. The passados or inns, except a few We anticipate with the utmost grief, all in the principal towns, are, generally speak- the horrors of the most disastrous famine ing, little better than hovels, affording shelter in parts of Spain, in this present year : from the inclemency of the weather, but and if our own barns should, by the blessscarcely any thing else. The beds are coming of Providence, be able to afford any monly nothing more than heaps of straw, usually well stocked with inhabitants of a sable hue; and in lieu of sheets, blankets, and quilt, the traveller must depend on his own cloak or clothing for covering during the period of his repose. As to their cookery, nothing can possibly be more disgusting to an English palate. supply, we intreat that a wise foresight may take advantage of this intimation. We shall now introduce as many particulars relating to this celebrated retreat, as may serve to shew our obligatious to private friendship. We have hinted at our intentions in reference to other considerations on the subject. The difference of travelling post in Spain and in England, is very striking, and I "Dec. 22. We received orders at 8 cannot but feel surprised, that the Spaniards, o'clock at night, to march from our quarwho are naturally extremely intelligent and ters, expecting the next morning to enacute, should not have profited by the inventions of their neighbours in this particular. gage the French; but we had not marchThe post carriages are exactly similar, at this ed far that night, before we were ordered period, to those described by the ingenious back again; for intelligence had arrived, author of Gil Blas; clumsy and inconvenient. that the French were reinforced to 60,000 They have only two wheels, and have some men. On the morning of the 23d we resemblance to an old-fashioned English one- recommenced our retreat." We add that horse chaise, with curtains in front. Mules this very intelligence was obtained by an are generally used for drawing these carriages. intercepted letter from a French commandIn one particular, the Spanish posting poser: so that, in fact, had that letter reachsesses a decided preference to that in England, ed its destination in safety, our army as their is no possibility of the traveller being would have been surrounded. WE HAD imposed upon. The rates are fixed by the government, and heavy penalties annexed to a deviation from them." : Mr. M. being a medical man, was deeply affected with the absence of medical skill, from the Spanish army with the non preparation of necessary assistance for the wounded, and the sick (even those afflicted with contagious distempers were not separated from the rest). with the hunger and other extremities to which the troops were reduced. He says, I met a great number of sick and wounded Spaniards on my journey from Corunna, particularly between Lugo and Villa Franca, escorted by armed men, scarcely in a better condition than those under their care. The officers and men exhibited similar appearances of wretchedness and intense fatigue; and the whole advanced at a rate of not more, on an average, than a mile an hour. Some of these men on being asked what was the matter with them, replied: "Muchas Enfermos tango hambre, tango mucha sed;" which is in English, very sick, very hungry, and very dry." And on giving them a piece of bread, they expressed themselves thus: NOT A SINGLE SPY IN PAY, OR OUT IN It is well known, or ought to be, that Mr. M. who, from particular circumstances, remained A medical officer of the 51st regiment, in the town till the French had actually entered it, but who escaped at day-light, informed me, that the bridge was so far from being rendered impassable, that some of the men in the engineer department were at that time employed in removing the loose stones, which had been displaced by the previous explosion of gunpowder. The attempt to destroy this structure did not retard the French two hours: and so extremely mortified was gen. B. at the imbecility of the engineer officer entrusted with the duty, that certainly we shall not repeat the language he used to him. As to what Mr. M. says about the shooting of the horses: we would explain, that they were not, shot for want of shoes: there were plenty of horseshoes in the army but for want of horseshoe NAILS: aguinea being repeatedly offered for a nail; but in Fain : THERE WERE None. [Original Information.] We were obliged to advance regimentally from Corunna to Astorga. We were everywhere told," the troops would want nothing as they advanced;" that the conveyance of baggage and stores was certain, and easy to be procured; wine, bread, and forage in the greatest abundance; but everywhere we were disappointed. At Astorga we had information that the French were advancing in great force with a view of intercepting the junction of our army; a measure which became extremely hazardous, the country between Astorga and Salamanca being one continued plain. The enemy were represented as having 10, or 12,000 cavalry, while we were totally destitute of that arm. Sir David, aware of the mportance of a junction with Sir John, was determined to attempt it at all hazards; and would probably have succeeded, had he not received a positive order to retire to Corunna, while Sir John fell back on Portugal; this was in consequence of the total defeat of Castanos. We commenced our retreat with the utmost regularity by brigades, and had arrived at and beyond Lugo, when we were again ordered to advance by forced marches, in consequence of information from Mr. Frere, that the people of Madrid were determined to defend themselves to the last extremity. But, before we had again arrived at Astorga, we heard of the capture of Madrid, and that it capitulated without firing a shot. The French were every where increasing in numbers; no where did there appear a disposition to resist them; no where were the people arming: (the arms sent out by England were rusting in the arsenal at Corunna)-but the most stupid indifference seemed to pervade every class. Mayorga, a town nearly as large as Corunna, had been laid under contribution, and plundered a few days before, by fifteen French dragoons. On the 23d, the army prepared to march to Carrion, to attack the French in their position, which they were prevented doing by the intelligence that Buonaparte was advanc ing with all his force to endeavour to intercept our retreat; on the 24th we halted; on he 25th marched 6 leagues to Valmesas; on The 26th 2 leagues to Villa Mannianna; 27th alted; 28th, marched 24 leagues to Saguillo 29th, halted; 30th, marched 7 leagues to Astorga, some slight skirmishes took place between our rear guard and the advanced guard of the French; 31st marched 64 leagues to Bembebree through the strong passes of Gallicia; d, 5 leagues to Henrios; 3d, 4 leagues to No1st January, marched 5 leagues to Calcavalos; galos; 4th, halted, took a position; 5th, 3 leagues to Cargas; 6th, 3 leagues to Lugo; 7th, 8th, in a position opposite to the French about a league and half from Lugo, expecting to be ordered to attack the French every moment, frequent skirmishes with the picques; at about nine o'clock on the evening of the 9th, the whole army quitted its position, and marched 6 leagues to Quiteraz; halted 5 hours, marched again 5 leagues to Betnzos, arrived there by day light on the morning of the 10th 11th, marched 4 leagues to Corunna; 12, 13, 14, 15, in a position within a mile and half ofCorunna; on the 13th and 14th the transports arrived; on the 15th, and morning of the 16th, baggage stores and horses embarked; at half past 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 16th the action commenced by a well-directed fire from the enemies batteries; on the right, left, and centre of their position, which entirely overlooked ours: they advanced with great rapidity in columns from the right, left, and centre, and were MET BY OUR TROOPS. The action commenced on the ground occupied by our respective picquets; the firing was intense on both sides; thrice did the French attempt to force the centre with fresh troops, without success. The same attempt was made on the right and left. About half an hour before dark we drove them from the right up the hill, the soldiers cheering: the same was done almost instantaneously by the center, when they were drove in considerable confusion half way up the hill. On the left the French made their last efort: their officers were endeavouring to rally them calling out viva! viva! After a very smart firing the French were entirely driven out of the village on their right: this was the last firing. In every direction they were retreating, and had given way and this is the true and faithful account of their boasted victory. In addition to the many obstacles which had prevented the advancing of Sir David Baird's division, was the want of money; for which Sir David was obliged to send to Portugal. It is well known to many officers that Sir David was of opinion to keep Gallicia; also not to advance beyond Astorga; the strong passes of which might have been defended to this day, against all the force of the French. Cantabrigia Depicta, a Series of En-has given a catalogue in his history. Th gravings, representing the most Picturesque and interesting Edifices in the University of Cambridge; with an Historical and Descriptive Account of each. Harraden and Son, Cambridge; Cribb, London. 1809. To be completed in Six Numbers, 10s. 6d. each large paper 20s. We are glad to see a spirit of illustration visit our Universities; they are our national seats of learning, they should be the residence of every art, and science. It is natural that a student should desire some memorial of the place where he received his education: and should beThe hold it with respect in after life. work promises Views; we are therefore not to expect much additional information, or information superior to what we are already in possession of. It is an elegant undertaking; and may no doubt meet with patrons who will not grudge their half guineas while those who can afford it have our permission to indulge themselves in subscribing for the twenty-shilling numbers. We subjoin for general information a comparison of the number of colleges anciently, with that of modern times : it forms the last article in the present number. We will close our account of the ancient state of the University by enumerating the religious houses which once flourished here, and whose scites are now principally occupied by one or other of the present colleges. 1. Dominicans, or Preaching Friars, whose house, having fallen into decay, is succeeded by Emmanuel college. 2. Franciscans, Minors, or Gray Friars, whose house stood on part of the ground 'now occupied by Sidney college, where the situation and form of the church may still be traced. It was founded by King Edward the First, given by Henry the Eighth to Trinity College, and purchased of that College by the Executors of Lady Sidney. 3. Augustine Friars, on the south side of the Pease-inarket. Founder unknown. 4. Carmelites, built by Edward the First. Sir Guy de Mortimer and Thomas de Hertford were great benefactors to them. Their house crossed the street now leading to King's college, and occupied the ground on which Catharine hall and Queen's college now stand. 5. White Canons, nearly opposite Peterhouse. These houses were not unfruitful of learn ed men, of the principal of whom Full Friars of these different orders were eligib to the taking of degrees, and they kept the Acts in the same manner as other Universit men after completing their education i these houses, they were dispersed into the respective convents throughout every part the kingdom. The Names of the present Colleges an Halls, with those of their Founders, place in chronological order. 1. Peter-house, founded by Hugh Bals ham, Prior of Ely, in 1257. 2. Clare hall, Richard Badew, Chancello of the University, 1326.-Being burn it was re-built in 1342. 3. Pembroke hall, Mary III. wife of th Earl of Pembroke, 1343. 4. Gonville and Caius college, Edmun Gonville, 1348.-Enlarged by Dr. Ca us, 1557. 5. Trinity hall, Bateman, Bishop of No wich, 1350. 6. Corpus Christi, or Bene't, Union two Gilds, 1351.-Completed by Her 7. King's college, Henry VI. 1441. 10. Jesus college, John Alcock Bishop 11. Christ college, Margaret, Countess o 12. St. John's college, Ditto, 1509. 15. Emmanuel college, Sir W. Mildmay 1584. 16. Sidney Sussex college, L. Frances Rad As to the learning and the principles. present taught in these colleges, it woul be unpardon able to suppose that in th present enlightened age, they could b other than infinitely superior to what wa cultivated by the Dominicans, Francis cans, and other barbarous names, whic alone are sufficient to remind us of th Dark Ages. ments We presume that this increase of establish consecrated to learning, does b barely equal the encreased population of ou country in so much that there is now som difficulty in obtaining curates. : A Letter to the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London; containing a Statement of the immoral and disgraceful Scenes which are every Evening exhibited in the public Streets by Crowds of half naked and unfortunate Prostitutes, &c. By a Citizen. 8vo. pp. 36. Price 1s. Williams and Smith, 1808. An Address to the Public, upon the dangerous Tendency of the London Female Penitentiary; with Hints relative to the best Means of lessening the Sum of Prostitution. By William Hale. 8vo. pp. 68. Price Is. London, Conder, 1809.. of their hearts embrace without controul whatever they have contemplated with interest.-Whether memory recalls pastscenes, or chews the cud of sweet and bitter fancy," whether sympathy with distress, or benevolence intent on preventing distress, predominate; whether compassion sigh over tales of anguish, or the mind expand in good wishes for the prosperity of fellow mortals-fellow immortals these, with their thousand reveries, absorb the faculties, and little less than suspend the functions of life. But among all that can be passed in review by the most intelligent, nothing is so perplexing as the consideration of those miseries which originate in what the Cursory Remarks on a recent Publication, favour to his creature Man. "Heaven's Mighty Maker intended as a special addressed to the Public, upon the danger-last best gift" has been completely deous Tendency of the London Female graded from the intention with which Penitentiary, &c. &c. By Juvenis. 8vo. she was created, and this by means Pp. 50. Price 1s. London, Williams occurrences not in their nature calculated and Smith, 1809. to annul that intention. A hocsand times has the question been investigated, wherefore are the miseries of life derived in so great a proportion from this source of enjoyment? Wherefore are the kindWherefore are the sexes, made to solace nesses of nature perverted into cruelties ? and support each other, the causes of each others' greatest sufferings? And, as men, often and often have we asked, wherefore is that sex which we love, esteem, and honour,-which we defend because the weaker, and take delight in defending, too,-which we shelter from every blast, nor suffer even the winds of heaven to visit her face too roughly,"-wherefore is this the object of our lawless passions, and the unpitied subject of the most unmanly injuries? Sometimes we fancy, that the corruption of great cities produces this evil: but the evil exists in the smallest communities; great cities do but collect the instances, and it appeats encreased because assembled. Sometimes we impeach the manners of civilized life, and charge what purport to be refinements, as guilty of this crime: but the savage is guilty of it too. and where the notion of refinement. never entered, the hut and the wigwam witness the pollution. Sometimes we accuse the present period, and challenge A Defence of the London Female Penitentiary, in Reply to the Charge of "dangions Tendency," brought against it by Mr. William Hale. In a Letter to Thomas Pellatt, Esq. Secretary to that Institution. By William Shrubsole. 8vo. pp 46. Price 1s. 6d. London, Burditt, 1809. Prostitutes reclaimed and Penitents protected: being an Answer to some Objections made against the Principle and Tendency of the London Female Penitentiary; with Observations on licensed Brothel-Houses, and on the Means of discouraging Prostitution. By William Blair, Esq. 8vo. pp. 91. Price 2s. Loudon, Seeley, 1809. The Remonstrant: being a Letter to Mr. The London Female Penitentiary defended; ALL men have their solemn moments, when their thoughts revolve on a multi-it, as especially guilty of enormities, cityof subjects; and when the imaginations. VOL. VI. [Lit. Pan. April 1809] which by the connection of events with C |