Abbott, W. C., as author, 19, 97, 118.
Act of Settlement, 85 n., 89.
ber of Massachusetts ratifying con- vention, 219.
Administration of Justice Act, 133.
Adams, Henry, as author, 292, 331, 346. Admiralty courts, recommended by Ran- Adams, James T., as author, 37.
dolph, 84; established, 87; number increased, 121.
Adams, John, defends British soldiers, 128, 130 n.; dines with Hancock, 129; on committee to draft Declaration of Independence, 145 n.; peace com- missioner, 161 f.; minister to England, 178; Vice-President, 225; advice on official etiquette, 228; reëlected Vice- President, 1792, 240; character and views, 240 f.; dislike of Hamilton, 241; presidential candidate, 1796, 254 f.; early mistakes as President, 255; sends X Y Z commission to France, 259; X Y Z message, 259 f.; "affair of the major-generals," 260 f.; peace efforts, 260 f.; breach with cabi- net, 261, 266 f.; action under Alien and Sedition laws, 263; nominated for second term, 267; loses support of Hamilton faction, 267; satisfaction over appointment of Marshall, 342; as presidential elector, 1820, 391. Adams, John Quincy, on purchase of Louisiana, 286; member of peace commission at Ghent, 326 f.; dis- agrees with Clay, 328; upholds Jack-Amelia Island, occupied, 358.
Advertiser, Boston newspaper, comment on Hartford Convention, 329 f. Africa, coast explored, 3. Age of discovery, 3. Agriculture, dominant industry of colo- nies, 91 n.; chief resource in War of 1812, 313; depression of, about 1820, 381.
Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 107. Alabama, state of, admitted, 353. Albany Congress, 1754, 95. Albany Plan of Union, 95; discussion,
Albemarle Sound, settlements on, 43. Algonkins. See Indians. Alien and Sedition Acts, 261 f.; effect on Federalist party, 266. Allen, Ethan, in Revolution, 143. Alliance with France, 153; question of good faith of U. S., 162; cabinet dis- cussion, 1793, 247; abrogated by Con- gress, 260; abrogation agreed to, 261. Alvord, Clarence W., as author, 55, 119.
conventions, 219 f.; adoption of first ten, 221; eleventh, 342; twelfth, 225, 269; suggestions of Hartford Con- vention, 330.
America, in fifteenth century, 1; dis- covery by Columbus, 4.
son, 1818, 359; negotiates Spanish Amendments, suggested by ratifying treaty, 359; influence on Monroe Doctrine, 364; Latin-American policy (Panama Congress), 366 f.; appointed Secretary of State by Monroe, 391; presidential candidate, 392 f.; elected, 394; program, 395; candidate for reëlection, 396 f.; sketch, 397; elec- toral vote in 1828, 398. Adams, Randolph G., as author, 270. Adams, Samuel, drafts Massachusetts Circular Letter, 130 and n.; use made of Boston Massacre, 130; urges com- mittees of correspondence, 130; mem-
American Colonization Society, 372. American Fur Company, 353. "American System," 386.
Amherst, Jeffrey, in French and Indian War, III.
Amiens, peace of, 283; prospect of rup- ture, 283; rupture, 293.
Anderson, Frank M., as author, 270. Andrews, Charles M., as author, 37, 55, 81, 97.
Andros, Sir Edmund, governor of the "Dominion of New England," 85; downfall, 86.
Anglican Church, establishment of, 21; alliance with James I, 22; disestab- lishment in Virginia, 130. Annapolis Convention, 204.
Asia, in fifteenth century, 1; visited by Europeans, 3. Asiento Contract, 106. Association, the, 137.
Assumption of state debts, 230 f.; connection with location of capital, 231; opposed by planters, 237. Astor, John Jacob, founds Astoria, 355; operations of American Fur Company, 353, 355.
Austria, in Holy Alliance, 362. Aztecs. See Indians.
Antifederalists, origin of name, 218; Astoria, 355. composition of party, 218; objections Attorney-General, office of, created, 226. to Constitution, 219; demand amend- | Aurora, the, quoted, 267 f. ments, 221; in First Congress, 224. Antislavery. See Slavery. Appalachian Mountains, a barrier to English expansion, 100; divert migra- tion to southwest, 117; movement through passes of, 117 f.
Babcock, K. C., as author, 331, 346, 367. Bacon, Nathaniel, leader of rebellion, 43. Bacon's Rebellion, 1676, 43.
Aranda, Count de, prophecy concerning Baltimore, Md., importance of, 69;
Architecture, at end of colonial era, 62, 67, 69.
Armed Neutrality League, 159. Armstrong, John, in France, 304; Sec-
retary of War, 319; dismissed, 322. Army, a British, in colonies, 120 f.; under Washington, 148; at Valley Forge, 153; character of, in South, 157; Jefferson's policy towards, 275; condition on eve of War of 1812, 316 f.; peace footing, 333.
Arnold, Benedict, in early campaigns of Revolution, 143; turns back Eng- lish on Hudson, 150; treason, 158; mentioned, 199. Articles of Confederation, Franklin's draft, 170; Lee's resolution, 170; committee appointed to draft, 172; Dickinson's draft, 172; debate in Congress, 172; ratification delayed by Maryland, 173, 187; in effect, 173; analysis, 173 f.; inadequacy of, 175, 178; commerce amendment, 179; five per cent amendment, 201; general revenue amendment, 201; critics of, 203; criticisms of Hamilton, Madison, and Washington, 209; of G. Morris, 210. Ashe, Samuel A., as author, 56. Ashley, General William H., founds Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 353; explorations of, 354.
attacked by British, 322; desire for internal trade, 382.
Baltimore, Lord. See Calvert. Bancroft, George, as author, 19, 223; quoted and criticized, 206.
Bank of North America, chartered, 183; history, 183 and n.
Bank of the United States, First, rec- ommended by Hamilton, 232; cabi- net discussion, 233, 237 f.; Second, chartered, 335; constitutionality up- held, 343.
Banks, state, during War of 1812, 333 f. Baptists, in West, 349. Barbary States, 278 f. "Bargain and corruption charge," origin of, 395; issue in campaign of 1828, 395 f. Barré, Col. Isaac, coins phrase, “Sons of Liberty," 124.
Barrett, J. A., as author, 202. Barron, James, captain of the "Chesa- peake," 295 f.
Bassett, John Spencer, as author, 241, 270, 399.
Bayard, James A., on peace commission at Ghent, 326 f. Bayonne Decree, 300.
Beard, Charles A., views on Federal Con- vention stated and criticized, 206 n.; as author, 223, 241. Becker, Carl, as author, 166.
Beer, George L., as author, 20, 97.
Bell, H. C., as author, 81. Bennington, battle of, 150.
Berkeley, G. C., British admiral, 296. Berkeley, Lord John, grantee of New Jersey, 49.
Berkeley, William, governor of Virginia, in Bacon's Rebellion, 43.
Berlin Decree, 298; pretended revoca- tion, 304; revocation, 310. Beveridge, Albert J., as author, 346. Bidgood, Lee, as author, 55. Billeting Act of 1765, passed, 121; colo- nial interpretation, 123; renewed, 133. Biloxi, founded, 101.
Bishop of St. Asaph, on Massachusetts
Government Act, 133.
Blackstone, William, Commentaries, 88. Bladensburg, battle of, 322. "The Bladensburg races," 322. Blainville, Céleron de, expedition of, 107. Blauvelt, Mary T., as author, 97. Blennerhassett Island, 288. Blockade, British vs. American view of, 250; "Fox's Order," 294; "Conti- nental System," 298; Berlin Decree, 298; Orders in Council, 298; U. S. demands at Ghent, 326.
Board of Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, established, 87; func- tions, 93.
Board of Customs Commissioners, cre- ated, 125.
shops and streets, 62; homes, 63; business habits, 63 f.; amusements, 64 f.; life of workingmen, 65; serv- ants, 66; poverty, 66; churches and religion, 66 f.; Harvard College, 67; public library, 68; literature, 68; newspapers, 68; schools, 68 f.; pop- ulation, 69; evacuation by British, 143; interest in Pacific trade, 180. Boston Centinel, on Hartford Convention, 330; calls Monroe's Presidency "era of good feelings," 391. "Boston Massacre," 128.
Boston Port Bill, 133; in effect, 135. "Boston Tea Party," 132; Franklin's opinion of, 132.
Boundaries, by Treaty of Versailles, 163; later disputes, 163 f.; treaty with Spain, 1795, 243; commission northeast, 252; dispute with Spain over West Florida, 290 f.; England desires readjustment in Ghent negotia- tions, 327; treaty provides for joint commissions on, 328; agreement of 1818 with England, 355; Russian agreement, 1824, 355; Spanish treaty of 1819, 356, 360; Louisiana Purchase boundary, 360.
Bourne, Edward G., quoted, 8; as author, 20.
Bowdoin, James, governor of Massachu- setts, suppresses Shays' Rebellion, 185.
"Board of Trade." See Board of Com-Boycott, against Grenville's policy,
missioners for Trade and Plantations. Bogart, Ernest L., as author, 331. Bolivar, Simon, Venezuelan revolution-
ist, 361; in Panama Congress, 366. Bonaparte, plans to revive French colonial empire, 281; obtains Loui- siana, 281; attempts to reconquer Santo Domingo, 281; decides to sell Louisiana to U. S., 283 f. See Napo- leon.
123; against Townshend Act, 127; lax enforcement against tea, 129 f. See Association; Non-importation. Braddock, General Edward, campaign against Fort Duquesne, 109. Braddock's trail, 186. Breckenridge, John, introduces Ken- tucky Resolutions, 264.
Brewster, Elder, agent of Pilgrims, 22. Brigham, Albert P., as author, 367.
"Bonus Bill," 338; Calhoun on, 339; British East India Company, as model vote on, 341.
Boone, Daniel, type of pioneer, 118; agent of Transylvania Company, 155; in Missouri, 352.
Boonesboro, settled, 155.
for London and Plymouth Companies, 12; tea trade of, 131.
British Royal African Company, 78. Brock, Isaac, British general, beats Hull, 318 f.
Boston, Mass., description of, at close of Brodhead, John R., as author, 55 f. colonial era, 62 f.; waterfront, 62;"Broken voyage," held legal, 253.
Brougham, Lord, opinion of American | Cambridge Agreement, 26. navy, 325; comment on American Camden, battle of, 157. manufactures, 336.
Brown, Jacob, officer in War of 1812, 320; wins victory at Lundy's Lane, 321.
Bruce, H. A., as author, 119. Bruce, Philip A., as author, 20, 55. Bryant, William Cullen, 345. Bullock, Charles J., as author, 202. Bunker Hill, battle of, 142. Burgoyne, General John, campaign of 1777, 150; surrender, 151; signifi- cance of surrender, 151. Burke, Edmund, denounces
policy, 132; on First Continental Congress, 137; ready to concede American independence, 154; on use of Indians, 156 f.; in ministry, 1781, 160.
Burr, Aaron, mentioned, 199; vice- presidential candidate, 1796, 254; complaint of lack of support, 255; exposes Federalist divisions, 1800, 267; vice-presidential candidate, 1800, 267; supported by Federalists in House election, 1801, 268; duel with Hamil- ton, 269, 287; connection with Feder- alist secession plot, 287; western adventures, 287 f.; trial, 288. Byrd, William, II, 76.
Cabinet, origin of, 227. Cabot, George, president of Hartford Convention, 330 n.
Cabot, John, explorations of, 9. Cahokia, mission, founded, 103. Calhoun, John C., enters Congress, 306; reports bill for Second U. S. Bank, 335; advocates protective tariff, 337; reports "Bonus Bill," 338; speech on tariff of 1816, 339; speech on "Bonus Bill," 339; proposes punishment of Jackson, 359; report on internal im- provements, 384; abandons national- ism, 388; leadership against tariff, 388 f.; Exposition of 1828, 389; ap- pointed Secretary of War by Monroe, 391; vice-presidential candidate, 1824, 393; reëlected, 1828, 398.
Calvert, Cecil, second Lord Baltimore, founder of Maryland, 38.
Camden, Lord, on taxation of Amer- ica, 124.
Canada, French explorations and settle- ments in, 99; dispersion of popula- tion, 100; work of missionaries, 101; government, 102 f.; land system, 103; conquest by English, III; cession, 112; Province of Quebec organized, 114; American desire to conquer, 312; objective in War of 1812, 313.
Canals. See Internal Improvements. Canning, George, British Foreign Sec- retary, 295; attitude on "Leopard- Chesapeake" affair, 296 f.; on em- bargo, 301; attitude towards non-inter- course act, 303; recalls Erskine, 303; proposes joint declaration against intervention in Spanish-America, 363 f.; comment on Monroe Doc- trine, 366.
Carolina, patent, 50; early settlers, 50; geographic influences on settle- ment, 50 f.; likeness to Virginia, 52; settlement of Piedmont, 60; planta- tion system, 78; commerce, 79; be- comes two royal provinces, 93 and n. See North Carolina; South Carolina. Carpenters' Hall, 135.
Carter, C. E., as author, 119. Carteret, Sir George, grantee of New Jersey, 49.
Cartier, Jacques, explores St. Lawrence,
Catholics, support Mary of Scotland, II; persecution by Elizabeth, 21; leniency of James I, 22; in Maryland, 39. Caucus, congressional, as nominating device, 254, 267; discredited, 392. Chadwick, French E., as author, 367. Champlain, Lake, battle of, 321. Champlain, Samuel de, founds Quebec, 99; discovers Lake Champlain, 100; conflict with Iroquois, 100. Channing, Edward, as author, 19, 37, 56, 97, 140, 176, 202, 241, 270, 292, 305, 398; quoted, 291 n. Charles I, contest with Parliament, 24; attempt at personal rule, 25; dis-
satisfaction with Massachusetts, 1634, 31; failure of policy, 31; Civil War, 32; defeat and execution, 32. Charles II, restoration to throne, 45; character, 45; relations with mer- cantilists, 83; demands on Massa- chusetts, 84.
Charleston, S. C., founded, 50; de- scription of, 69 f.; attacked by Brit- ish, 143; captured, 157; interest in railroads, 383.
Charters, attempt to set aside, 92. Chase, Samuel, federal judge, impeached, 278.
Chatham, Lord, on the Declaration of
Rights, 137; motion to withdraw troops from Boston, 137. See Pitt. Chattahoochee River, in treaty of Ver- sailles, 163.
Cherokees, 199. See Indians.
retention of war tax, 333; supports Second U. S. Bank, 335; on internal improvements, 340; demands recog- nition of South-American republics, 362; Latin-American policy, 366; speech on tariff of 1824, 386; ex- pounds "American System," 386 f.; opposition to Monroe's administra- tion, 391; presidential candidate, 1824, 392 f.; "king-maker" in House election, 394 f.; appointed Secretary of State, 394; bargain charge, 395. Clinton, De Witt, peace candidate, 1812, 315.
Clinton, George, vice-presidential can- didate, 1792, 240; daughter marries Genêt, 249; jealousy of Virginia, 267; vice-presidential candidate, 1804, 293; repudiates vice-presidential nomina- tion, 1808, 302.
"Chesapeake," beaten by the "Shan- Clinton, Sir Henry, at Battle of Mon-
Chesapeake Bay, campaign in, 321 f. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, project of, 382.
Cheves, Langdon, a "Young Republi- can," 306; advocates naval prepara- tions, 309.
Cheyney, E. P., as author, 19.
Chickasaws, 199. See Indians.
mouth, 154; in campaigns in South, 157; in New York, 157, 159.
| Coercive Acts, 132 f.
Coin, scarcity of, in U. S., 180; decimal system of coinage, 182; use of foreign, 182.
Colby, C. W., as author, 118.
College of New Jersey. See Prince- ton College.
Chillicothe, Ohio, capital of the North- Colonial Agent, functions, 94; Franklin
as agent, 94; agents protest against Stamp Act, 121.
Colonial policy, British, 82 f.; 90 f. Columbia River, entered by Gray, 289. Columbia University, 70.
Columbus, Christopher, early life, 4; purpose in sailing west, 4; voyage of
Coman, Katharine, as author, 367. Commerce, of colonies, 77 f.; in Con- federation period, 177 f.; hope of treaty with England, 177; negotia- tions, 178; commerce with France and Spain, 179; treaties with Prussia, etc., 179; increase of exports, 179; beginnings of China trade, 179; trade on northwest coast, 180; prosperity, 180; interstate tariff wars, 180; carrying trade during European wars, 250, 293; Jay's treaty, 252; statistics, 253, 293; jealousy on part of British,
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