English general, Prescott. Congress bestowed on Barton a sword of honor and a grant of land in Vermont. Abraham Whipple, in 1778, placed in command of frigate Providence, bore government dispatches to France, running the British blockade in Narragansett Bay. He received the written thanks of Washington for the exploit. 283. 30. city of the dead. Swan Point Cemetery, beside the Seekonk River. 286. 19. Dr. Parr (Samuel, 1746-1825). English clergyman noted for his classical learning. Famed also for his conversational powers. 286. 31. Washington Alston (1779-1843). Distinguished American artist and author. Lived in London many years. Noted for his conversational powers. 286. 36. Colet and Sir Thomas More. John Colet (1466-1519). English theologian and classical scholar. Intimate friend of Erasmus and Sir Thomas More. One of the chier promoters of the new learning and indirectly of the Reformation. Founder of St. Paul's School. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535). English statesman and scholar. He originally studied for the Church, but after 1503 devoted himself to politics. He was Privy Councillor to Henry VIII, Speaker of the House of Commons, and, in 1529, succeeded Wolsey as Chancellor. He defended the Papacy against Luther. He was executed on the charge of treason because he opposed an act of Parliament vesting the succession to the crown in the issue of Anne Boleyn. Author of the Utopia. 287. 3. triple-crowned error. See note on 268, 2, p. 452. 287. 21. Mrs. Hutchinson (Ann Marbury, 1590-1643). A religious enthusiast, leader of an Antinomian faction (extreme Calvinists who insisted that the sins of the elect are so transferred to Christ that they cease to be the transgressions of the actual sinners). Banished from Massachusetts in 1637. Mary Dyer (d. 1660). A Quaker fanatic twice banished from Mass. Colony on pain of death. As she persisted in returning, she was hanged on Boston Common in 1660. Giles Corey (d. 1692). A resident of Salem in whose presence children fell into convulsions. He was accused of witchcraft and pressed to death in 1672. George Fox (1624-1691). English founder of the Society of Friends. 288. 15. slaughtered saints on Alpine mountains. In 1655 the Duke of Savoy determined to compel his reformed subjects in the valley of Piedmont to embrace Popery or to quit their country. Those who escaped the ensuing massacre fled to the mountains, whence they sent to Cromwell for relief. See Milton's sonnet, On the late Massacre in Piedmont: "Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones 288. 25-26. Molyneux (William, 1656–98). Irish scholar and phil- 288. 31. Pellico (Silvio, 1788-1854). Italian poet and prose writer. 288. 33. Cavour (Camillo Benso, Count di, 1810–1861). Italian 288. 35. Stein (Baron Heindrich Friedrich Karl, 1757-1831). and exiled. 289. 3. Koerner (Karl Theodor, 1791-1813). Celebrated German 289. 10. John o'Groat's (House). A locality in County Cathness, 290. 3-4. John Jay. See note on 281, 27, p. 464. Scott (John 290. 19. Nathaniel Greene (1742-1786). Revolutionary general who distinguished himself at Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, etc. Succeeded Gates in command of Southern Army, 1780. Esek Hopkins ⚫ (1718-1802). Appointed commander-in-chief of American navy, 1775. 290. 21. Scrooby. The parish in England, near Nottinghamshire, from which the Independents and Separatists departed for Holland. 291. 8. George Clinton. Governor of New York, 1777-1795. Vice-President, 1805-1812. 292. 5. Cleon, not Pericles. Cleon died B.C. 422. He was an Athenian demagogue who became leader of the democratic party after the death of Pericles. He opposed peace with Sparta and conclusion of the Peloponnesian War. Pericles (495-429 B.C.). Leader of democratic party at Athens. After 444, principal minister; he secured the military and naval development of the state. Greatly encouraged arts and literature. 292. 8. stony Memnon. Memnon was a hero of the Trojan War, slain by Achilles. The Greeks gave his name to one of the Colossi of Amenophis III, at Thebes. This is the vocal Memnon, so called because the stone, when reached by the rays of the rising sun, gave forth a sound resembling that of a breaking chord. 292. 20. Decus et decorum est pro patria mori. "It is fitting and beautiful to die for one's country." 294. 12. bugle-note of James Otis (1725-1783). Patriot and orator. Prominent member of the Mass. House of Representatives. Especially famous for the speech referred to, delivered in Boston against the " Writs of Assistance." 296. 12. Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794). Member of Virginia House of Burgesses and of Continental Congress. Introduced the resolutions for independence, June 7, 1776. U.S. Senator, 1789-1791. 296. 15. Goldwin Smith. Born 1823. English historian. Professor of Constitutional History, Cornell University, 1868-1871. Published Short History of England, 1869; History of United States, 1893. Now living in Toronto. 297. 34-35. John Robinson (1575-1625). Suspended by his bishop for puritanism, he became pastor of the English Separatists' Church in Leyden, Holland. Laud and the hierarchy. See on Laud, note on 96, 35, P. 444. 298. 16. Italia fara da se. 66 Italy will win by her own strength." 299. 13. rescued New York from Tweed. William Marcy Tweed (1823-1878), famous in New York politics from 1852-1872. He organized the "Tweed Ring" in 1870, which appropriated vast sums of money. He was arrested in 1871 on suit brought by Charles O'Connor, a public-spirited lawyer, and was prosecuted till he fled the country in 1875. He was ultimately brought back, and died in Ludlow Street jail. 304. 22-25. Sodom's Ende, Johannisfeuer, Es Lebe das Leben. The End of Sodom, The Fires of St. John, The Joy of Living. Miss O'Neill plays the second tragedy; Mrs. Wharton has translated the third. 305. 31. Magda. The English title for Sudermann's play, Heimat. It has been played in this country by Miss O'Neill, Mrs. Fiske, Mme. Modjeska, and Mme. Duse. 306. 2. Weber and Field's. A New York theatre named from its owners, whose burlesques of current theatrical successes made them famous. The partnership has been dissolved. 306. 32. Irving Place Theatre. The German theatre in New York City under the management of Herr Conreid. 310. 23. Mr. Brace (Charles Loring, 1826-1890). He devoted himself to the redemption of the criminal and pauper classes of New York City, becoming in 1853 the chief founder of the “Children's Aid Society." 319. 18. privilege for many happy years. Phillips Brooks was rector of the Church of the Advent, Phila., in 1859-1861, and of the Church of the Holy Trinity in the same city, 1861-1870. 333. Lord Salisbury. He was, in February, 1885, leader of the Opposition. On June 9th the Gladstone government resigned, partly because of public dissatisfaction with the lack of plan here criticised, and Lord Salisbury became Prime Minister. 333. 7. Khalifa Abdullah. Khalifa means spiritual and temporal head of the Mohammedans, Prince of the Faithful. Abdullah succeeded the Mahdi in 1885. Killed Nov. 24, 1889, in battle of Om Debrisat, after dispersal of army remaining to him after his defeat by Lord Kitchener at Omdurman in September, 1888. 333. 16. Hicks Pasha. Pasha, title of Ottoman princes, Turkish generals, admirals and high officials. William Hicks (1831-1883) was, in 1883, appointed to command of the Egyptian army in the Soudan In September, with a force of 10,000 men, he was betrayed into an ambush and after three days of fighting he fell in a last desperate charge of his mounted staff when nearly all his army had been massacred. 334. 30. Duke of Devonshire. Secretary of State for War, 18821885. Lord Wolseley. Commander-in-chief of the Expeditionary Force to Egypt, 1882, and of the Gordon Relief Expedition, 1884. 336. 15. Arabi. Ahamed Arabi, born of fellah parents, spent his early youth as a laborer. He served for twelve years in the Egyptian army, rising from private to the rank of colonel. He took advantage of Egyptian discontent at foreign influence and organized a rebellion with the cry "Egypt for the Egyptians." He became, in 1882, Minister of War under Khedive Tewfik, and, as autocrat, set aside Anglo-French financial control. The English bombarded Alexandria July 11 and 12. Arabi withdrew, and at Tel-el-Kebir, September, 1882, was defeated and captured. His sentence of death was commuted to life exile in Ceylon, but in 1900 he was pardoned. His revolt brought about the permanent establishment of British control of Egypt. He 338. 30. General Baker. Valentine Baker (1825-1887), known as Baker Pasha. Soldier and traveller. Summoned to Egypt in 1882 by the Khedive, he was made commander-in-chief of the Egyptian army. After the death of Hicks Pasha in 1883, he was ordered to Suakin. was defeated near Tokar by a body of Osman Digna's troops in 1884. 339. 23. General Graham (1831-1899). With Sir Garnet Wolseley as brigadier-general. 341. 25. apostle of the Mid-Lothian campaign. Gladstone was elected from Mid-Lothian in 1880. He came in on opposition to the pro-Ottoman attitude of Lord Beaconsfield in the Russo-Turkish War. 342. 18. Sir Evelyn Wood. He served in the Soudan Expedition and in the campaign of 1885. 342. 29. Zebehr. An Egyptian governor in the Soudan, imprisoned by the British, 1884-1887. 347. 13. Earl of Dufferin. The Earl was ambassador to Turkey, 1879-1881. While ambassador he went to Egypt, after the rebellion of Arabi, to restore order. 348. 27. rights of the Suzerain. In 1841 Mehemet Ali was recognized under a guarantee of the powers of Europe as Vali, and the sovereign power was made hereditary. From 1879 two controllers-general, one French, one English, had the right to investigate all departments of public service and an advisory voice in the councils of the Cabinet. 348. 31. position which the Powers are taking up. This refers to the attitude of the Powers, Germany, France, Austria, Italy, Russia, in raising the question of freedom of the Suez Canal in time of war and pointing out that Lord Granville, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, had expressed an opinion favorable to an agreement on that subject to be adopted and enforced by consent of the Powers of Europe. 351. 32. Osman Digna. (1836- ) Said to have been born at Suakin, also at Rouen. Father a Scotchman. In slave-trade, as was his step-father. Follower of the Mahdi. Captured in January, 1900, and sent as prisoner to Rosetta. 357. 30. besom. A broom-shaped bunch of twigs. 358. 18. Horrors of San Domingo. See p. 173. 364. 14. Ku Klux outrages. The Ku Klux clans were southern whites organized for intimidation and terrorism of the negroes in the re |