advancement that was given Wainwright. But waiving this, it is evident that Wainwright was entitled to receive more than any of the other commanders; and that it was just to Admiral Sampson that he should receive a greater advance 5 in numbers than Admiral Schley-there was nothing done. in the battle that warranted any unusual reward for either. In short, as regards Admirals Sampson and Schley, I find that President McKinley did substantial justice, and that there would be no warrant for reversing his action. Both Admiral Sampson and Admiral Schley are now on the retired list. In concluding their report the members of the Court of Inquiry, Admirals Dewey, Benham, and Ramsay, unite in stating that they recommend that no further action be had in the matter. With this recommendation I 15 most heartily concur. There is no excuse whatever from either side for any further agitation of this unhappy controversy. To keep it alive would merely do damage to the Navy and to the country. Nos. Ia and Ib illustrate the brief impersonal summary; No. II, brief comment; Nos. III and IV, the important part which satire and irony may play in editorial writing. Nos. V and VI endeavor, mainly, to make clear the significance of current conditions. Nos. VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, aim to mould and lead public opinion: the first is the partisan editorial addressed to a prejudiced audience; the second treats by analysis and rebuttal a topic interesting the readers of the paper; the third summarizes argumentatively a discussion printed in another column; the fourth and fifth influence by a shrewd selection of ideas and eloquent persuasion. Nos. XII and XIII illustrate the biographical editorial; and Nos. XIV and XV, the editorial on literary or general topics. The first two show that one kind of editorial is but the eulogy in brief; the other two that the editorial on a literary subject is but another name for the essay. Ia. EDITORIALS. The Spectator, Sept. 5, 1903. Mr. Alleyne Ireland publishes in the Times of Thursday an account of what has been accomplished by the Brooke family in their sovereignty of Sarawak. It is perhaps a little too purely appreciative; but the facts are sufficiently remark5 able. The two successive Rajahs, Sir James and Sir Charles, have in fifty years terminated the chronic feud between the Malays and the Dyaks; have established a Supreme Council of Europeans and natives which attracts general confidence; have founded a capital, Kuching, as orderly and pleasant as 10 Singapore; have created a regular European Civil Service; and have maintained peace practically unbroken for half a century. Sarawak is in fact one of the best governed of tropical dependencies. The fact, interesting in itself, as proving that Englishmen can exercise absolute power without 15 becoming tyrants, is especially instructive because in Sarawak Sir Charles Brooke is trying the great experiment of building slowly on a basis of native ideas, employing natives freelythey have a majority on the Supreme Council- and carrying out the rooted Asiatic idea that every man with a griev20 ance has a right of direct appeal to the sovereign. Sir Charles is, of course, growing into years; but his son, the heir-apparent, is being thoroughly trained as a local Civil servant. Ib. The Nation, Sept. 10, 1903. Latest advices from our "Commission of Exchange " are to 25 the effect that the members will return home next week and |