MEAT MARKET SUPPLIES. breeding, feeding, and management of the live The raising of cattle, sheep and poultry for cattle of sixty years since-the long, high, thin, stock of the farm. the supply of our village and city markets, is lean-fleshed, large-boned, hard, unthrifty aniContrast for a moment, the every day becoming a matter more deserving of mals of that day, with the compact rotundity of the attention of the agricultural community. shape, the soft, the mellow, thrifty animals of The demand is becoming more and more diffi- the present day; the former fed at six and cult to supply, as larger quantities and finer seven years, the latter generally fatted the qualities are being continually sought after. third year, often earlier. The same remark As raising supplies of beef, mutton, veal, lamb, will apply to sheep and pigs, and not less to poultry, &c., attracts more and more of the at- poultry; early maturity and quickness in fattention, of farmers, in like proportion will all tening have been looked to as the deciding information be welcome which furnishes accu- characteristics in every variety of meat-prorate and reliable details as to the most econo- ducing animal. mical methods of fatting and getting for market that have arisen and the wonderful accession any of the above products. The breed of made to our supplies of animal food, has been In keeping with improvements animals most easily fatted, and the kind of the alteration in the tastes and habits of the feeding which is at once most effectual and community. The whole British people have bemost economical, are points upon which we come large meat consumers, so that consumption may yet obtain considerable increase of reliable of animal food has gone on progressively with its and useful information. increase, and now bids fair to outstrip it; and

The following observations from The Mark not only has its taste for animal food become Lane Express, in reference to the past and the general, but it has assumed a new shape or future of the business of supplying the demands feature. Beef, mutton, bacon, are looked upon of the butcher and the meat market man, hold as too common dishes. Lamb, veal, small pork true of this country and the American popula- joints, and poultry must now be served up at tion, as of those on the other side of the channel, every table; hence the amazing demand for and seem deserving the attention of graziers and others.

lamb, calves, small porkers, and poultry; and the people are becoming daily more refined, this will go on and increase, as the habits of and perhaps it is not too much to add, more luxurious.

CULTURE OF BUCKWHEAT.

Amongst the many permanent improvements in agriculture which have taken place within the past fifty or sixty years, none deserves a more prominent place, or is of greater importance, than the production of meet; it has fully kept pace, if it has not exceeded, the produc-pecks to the acre, on land well mellowed upIt is best to be sown by the 10th July-three tion of grain. We fear not to assert that, taken sandy soil suits best. separately, more grain, or more meal, is now tinue to sow on the same land, without applyIt is a bad crop to conproduced by the agriculturists of this kingdom ing any manure. than was formerly produced by taking both ashes suit best. A dressing of plaster, and collectively. The introduction of improved newly drained land. Such ground can be got courses of husbandry has done very much to in better order for this crop than any other, It is a good crop to ameliorate effect this, but the attention that has been latterly and the yield is great. Sow grass seed with called forth to the adoption of every practicable the buckwheat if wanted for pasture; or, as improvement of which the business of a farmer good a way is to sow oats in the spring, and is capable of sustaining, has done much more. seed down. Never leave the ground bare,

The growth of the varieties of grain and of roots as it impoverishes the soil. Never plant corn and vegetables, has done immense good; these after buckwheat, if you expect a crop, and I assisted by improved culture and artificial prefer not to point it all; on good land, rye or manurings, have wrought astonishing alerations wheat will do well, as it leaves the land very and great increase of produce on every intelli- light and mellow, and clean, with the exception gent man's farm; but we think these have been of lots of buckwheat that will come up. By exceeded by the improvement made in the sowing three crops in succession of buckwheat,

duced the largest quantity of milk, but the beans surpassed in the amount of butter produced.

APPLES FOR MILCHI Cows.-Five minutes ago a gentleman, who deals in facts and figures, as well as fine cattle, informed us that he had fed out last winter more than two hundred barrels of sweet apples to his milch cows, and that the increased quantity and richness in quality of the milk paid him better than any other use to which he could have applied them. He states that he is raising trees annually, for the purpose of raising apples for stock. Another important statement of his, is, that since he has fed apples to his cows, there has not been a case of milk fever among them.

HIGH CULTure and GOOD MANAGEMENT.

The farm of Sir John Conroy, near Reading, England, comprises 270 acres, all in one huge field, the only fence being the one that separates it from its neighbors. All the intervening hedges were removed by the present owner, when he came into possession, seven years ago, and the land was drained four feet deep, at distances varying from fifteen to thirty feet, which we should call very thorough work. It was then trenched with the spade to a depth of twenty-two inches. The whole cost of these improvements amounted to £3000, or nearly $15,006-something over $50 an acre. In this country subsoil and trench plows would much cheapen the trenching. Most of the subsoil appears to have been a sort of hard-pan gravel. As a proof of the necessity of draining, drains from some forty acres of the driest of the farm, lead out at a low place where water is seen running at the driest part of the year.

THE PEAR BLIGHT. The Pear is now esteemed as one of the indispensable luxuries connected with a suburban or country residence. It is, therefore, not only important that the amateur and the novice should have information on the character and relative value of the fruit, its time of ripening in our climate, that he may select judiciously, but that he should be also informed on its adaptation to soil, and its cultivation, with the necessary care to protect the tree against the vicissitudes of climate, and the maladies to which it is subject.

The tree is not a native of our country. It is said to be of Europe and Asia, where it lives to great age, and grows to an immense size, with other native trees. In that condition, it is hardly recognizable as the parent of the present luscious and highly flavored fruit, but is small, austere, puckery, and unfit for the palate. It is to the skill of cultivators that we are indebted for this great change and improvement in its character; and to none so much as to the late VAN MONS, of Belgium, Chance or accident have not been idle in the work of adding many excellent varieties to the list; but the improvement of the fruit has (though not always), been at the expense of the hardiness and durability of the tree. This point has been too much overlooked by propagators; its tenderness being seen, scientific cultivators are giving more attention to correct it in their future additions.

The cultivation of the tree is very simple; it readily adapts itself to any soil or location, so that it be not a swamp or marsh. A deep, rich, clayey loam, with a porous subsoil, and a full exposure to light and air, is the best for its full Prominent among the farm machinery, is a developement. The tendency of the tree is to beautiful steam engine of 10-horse power, which throw down strong tap-roots; it is, therefore, drives a very complete thrashing machine, with important to know something of the nourishtwo fanning mills attached, barley pummeler, ment it will find to feed on there. This tend&c. It also drives an oil cake crusher, turnip-ency is overcome by growing it on the Quince, cutter, grain bruiser, and everything required the natural disposition of which is to spread its in preparing food for stock. A passage in roots, and luxurate on the surface soil; though the building leads directly from the preparing the tree is dwarfed, and the duration of its life room to the horses heads for feeding them. shortened, still it is better for shallow soils, Their food consists, for each, for 24 hours, of and gardens where not much room can be eight pounds of cut hay and ten pounds of cut afforded. The fine sorts, with few exceptions, straw, five pounds of oats, and one pound of succeed well and produce abundantly on the bean meal, moistered with one pound of bruised | Quince. These are usually trained in pyramid linseed, steeped forty-eight hours in fifteen form, branching from the ground up, making pints of cold water. The oxen are fed on a very handsome and attractive object in the similar food, but less stimulating, the oats border. When grafted or budded on their own being replaced with plenty of turnips, stocks, they require more room and are usually and with a portion of oil cake. Large longer coming into bearing. herds of oxen, sheep and swine are purchased The cultivation of the tree has, however, its and fattened every year, the stables and build-drawbacks. It is not hardy; or, if you do not ings being supplied in every part by means of like the term, it is subject to be cut off and pipes with an abundance of water. Nothing destroyed by death at any time, when seeming but one horse carts are used on the farm. The in full vigor of health and growth. On the wheat Fields from twenty to forty-eight bushels cause, there has been much speculation, withper acre. The grain stacks are to be built on out seeming to come to any satisfactory contrucks on a railway, so as to be run up to the clusion. thrashing machine as fast as wanted, a practice already adopted on some of the best English

farms.

PLAN OF FARM BUILDINGS.
In answer to repeated inquiries, we furnish

thrown down to the animals below as wanted.

the accompanying plan and elevation of a set of Farm Buildings, so arranged that those who The building and its two wings, now deshave but limited means, may begin with a por- cribed, may be built first; and the addition heretion, and add from time to time as means and after mentioned, may be added afterwards. These additional buildings may be occupied circumstances may warrant, these buildings when completed form nearly a hollow square, by sheep-sheds at E E E, with an open sheepthe main building or barn being in the centre yard, e; by piggery, F F and pig yard f; cookof the further range. This forms a sheltered yard ing room, G; house for seasoning stove wood, for the domestic animals, in the centre of which H; poultry-house, I; calf-houses, K K; workis the manure or compost heap, occupying a hol-shop L; tool-house, for ploughs, harrows, rakes, low to prevent the escape of the liquid manure. &c., M; wagon-shed, N. The cleaning of the stables are daily conveyed. to this heap by wheelbarrows.

Fig. 3 is the plan of the whole when completed, as it lies on the level of the ground. Fig. 4, is that portion of the barn situated immediately over that part represented in fig. 3, which is banked up with earth, or dug in the ground, so that the further part of this ground plan shall constitute a cellar for roots, and a space for cutting roots, straw, &c., adjoining it. The curved dotted lines show the waggon-track on this embarkment for entering the floor in fig. 3, lying directly over the cutting-room. The root cellar is furnished with two broad, hopper-like troughs, passing through the cellar windows, into which the cart loaded with roots, is "dumped," in filling the cellar.

COW

By building wings for the horse and stables, (as the plan exhibits,) the central part or barn need not be so large as ordinary barns, saving much heavy timber in the frame, and assisting in forming the hollow square as a shelter.

Every part of this range of buildings is entered from the lawn back of the house, by the dry and sheltered passages 0 0 and A A, from which all the animals may be examined, instead of the more common way of wading through the mud or manure of the yard.

The floors of the hay loft, over the stables, should be made tight, to prevent the vapors from the stable tainting the hay; and ventilators, made of square board-tubes, placed over the stables and running up through the roof. Their openings are made to open and shut by sliding boards, according to the weather. tops of these ventilators are shown in the ele

vation.

WIND-MILLS.

The

Some weeks ago, we published a figure and description of a wind mill for farm purposes, and promised as soon as practicable, to furnish another and cheaper contrivance. This we are now enabled to do by inserting two engraved figures with a description, from THOMAS' new work on Farm Implements:

The force of wind may be usefully applied by almost every farmer, as it is a universal agent, possessing in this respect great advantages over water power, of which very few farms enjoy the privilege.

On the second floor, Fig. 4, G is the granary, and C the corn crib, both of which are filled from the floor and may be unloaded directly into a waggon under them in the yard below, or drawn off through a shute for the horses in the stable. The bay for straw extends upwards Wind may be applied to various purposes, as high as the top of these granaries, over such as sawing wood by the aid of a circular which is a space for unthreshed grain. The saw, turning grindstones, and particularly in One of the best contrivances horse power of the threshing machine, if a pumping water. common movable one, is placed on the ground for pumping is represented by Fig. 1, where A outside, and as soon as the grain is threshed, is the circular wind-mill, with a number of the straw is conveniently deposited into this sails set obliquely to the direction of the wind, bay, perfectly secure from injury by weather. and always kept facing it by means of the vane, The better way is for every farmer to have his B. The crank of the wind-mill, during its reown horse power and thresher, that he may em-volutions, works the pump-rod, I, and raises ploy his time whenever most convenient. The best two horse endless-chain power, will occupy but little room in "space for cutting roots, &c." from which a band may run up to the thresher on the floor above. This power may be used with perfect facility likewise in cutting straw, slicing roots, winnowing, sawing wood, turning grindstone, &c.

The roots lying on one side of this space, and the straw on the other, contribute greatly to the convenience of using them; and as soon as prepared by cutting, the feed is given to the animals on either side by means of the alley AA.

It will be perceived that the barn is occupied with grain and straw, while the spacious lofts over the stable are filled with hay, which is

the water from the well beneath: In whatever
direction the wind may blow, the pump will
The pump-rod, to work
continue working.
steadily, must be immediately under the iron
If the diameter
rod on which the vane turns.
of the wind-mill is four feet, it will set the
pump in motion even with a light breeze, and
with a brisk wind will perform the labour of a
man. Such a machine will pump the water
needed by a large herd of cattle, and it may
be placed on the top of a barn, with a covering,
to which may be given the architectural effect
of a tower or cupola, as shown in Fig 2.

MRS. GRUNDY'S GATHERINGS.

CARRIAGE COSTUME.

Fig. 1st.-Dress is of very pale lilac silk,

1

the skirt with three deep flounces; the edges circles in sable garments; there is evident an unof the flounces are trimmed with Napoleon blue fitness in this dressing of joy in gloomy trapsilk cut in points; the points turned up on the pings, that every refined person must recognize. flounces are edged with a narrow ruche and We have always thought the perfection of each point is finished by bows of narrow rib- ingenuity was necessary to the construction of bon: the basquine body opens en demi cœur an elegant mourning dress before every other arand is trimmed to correspond. The sleeves of rangement of the toilet. So much perfect neatthe pagoda form, are three quarters length; ness is required, so much of subdued elegance they are trimmed with blue silk turned back that no ordinary dressmaker can get up mournin points, edged with a narrow ruche and orna-ing with the propriety which should characmented by small bows.

terise it.

PARIS CORRESPONDENCE.

The form of the mantelets, dresses, and bonnets in favor this season, in the best society, have been so fully described in our recent let

Fig. 2 is a superb morning robe of white merino, designed by Mrs. CHAMBERS, and selected from among a host of beautiful things, at 287 Broadway. The back is plain; the front cut without division at the waist. A deep pattern of grape-leaves and tendrils graduate from the bot-ters that our bulletins are somewhat necessarily tom of the robe to the waist. The stems and tendrils are of delicate round braid; The leaves are of blue silk appliqué, vined with delicate cord. This vine ascends up the front to the shoulders, where it meets a small round collar, overrun with a light braid pattern. The sleeves are formed by a deep cap overlapping two flounces, all edged with blue embroidery, like that on the skirt. The middle flounce is looped to the cap with a chord and tassel. The dress is fastened down the front with blue silk buttons, and girded to the waist by a long blue silk cord terminated by rich tassels.

THOUGHTS ON MOURNING.

We can scarcely admire that very deep mourning which admits of no white about the face and bosom. It has a hopeless look of gloom which chills the beholder with an idea of dispair, rather than grief. It plunges too deep into the shadows of the grave for any of those tender and trustful associations that ought to mark all our efforts at respect for the dead. When not carried to the extreme there is perhaps no dress more becoming, or that appcals more certainly to all that is pure in the imagination than deep mourning. We give below some descriptions of mourning just imported from Paris, that may prove interesting to some of our readers, though, for our part, we think all ornaments may well be cancelled in a dress that appeals to the heart, not to the fancy. All efforts to relieve the chaste solemnity of mourning with gimps, bugles and braids, but serve to prove that personal vanity is stronger than respect for the dead.

Bombazines, plain and edged with folds of crape, where that is necessary to a perfect finish, are certainly most appropriate for the first months of mourning.

Mantelets, of the same, the latter relieved by full ruches of illusion, that contrast delicately with the black, with neat gloves and slippers, and a deeply hemmed veil-not of English crape which is too full like, and gloomy-forms, in our estimation, a mourning dress at once simple and elegant. In the second stage of mourning, more ornament is admissible, but it strikes us as better taste to throw off black for the time altogether, than to appear in festive

sterile, as we have only to describe the graceful fancies every day brings forth in the shape of trimmings and ornaments for the said garments. Even in this minor department we have less than usual to occupy our attention, as in spite of the almanac, which tells us we are now in summer, the temperature is exceedingly low and the sky almost constantly covered, so that our ladies can hardly venture abroad except under the protection of an elegant India cashmere, or at least a handsome Chinese crape shawl.

This chilly state of the atmosphere has consequently given new vogue to the cashmeres for the Persan, whose splendid long and square cashmeres, are for beauty of fabric, elegance of design, and harmony of coloring, altogether indescribable.

Canezous of black lace covered with narrow

figured galoons, arranged in lozenges, with ribbon butterfly-bows on the lappets and sleeves; others are made of insertions of black guipure well as the pagoda sleeve is trimmed with a The lappet, as handsome guipure, at the head of which are placed at intervals bunches of loops of ribbon, matching the insertions. White bodies of Indian muslin with deep lappets. These bodies are ornamented with flat plaits about an inch and a half apart, and continued on the lappet which is not cut separate. In these plaits a ribbon is put, either sky-blue, pink, lilac, or spring-green. The sleeves have three plaits is laid flat. These plaits end at the bend of the like those on the body, in which also a ribbon arm, and the sleevs is terminated by a deep flounce. In the front of the body, on each plait, at the beginning of the lappet and on the sleeves where the plaits end, bows of ribbon are placed. The skirts worn with these bodies are either taffetas or barege, or poplin of large plaid pattern.

and blue or violet ribbons.

We must also describe a charming dress intended for the young Princess of S. This dress is made of printed silk muslin, with flounces of a Pompadour pattern, consisting of a deep garland of roses mixed with all-flowers. The ground is covered with a sprinkling of little detached bouquets. The body open in front has slashed lappets. The front of th