of being a myth a-making! Who cares for the shibboleths of literary criticism when he is enjoying himself? If mine enemy had written a book, and it were as interesting as the 'Water of the Wondrous Isles', I would forgive him,-and buy it. (New York: Longmans, Green, and Company.) It was an exquisite appreciation of Omar and his brother soul and translator Fitzgerald that Colonel Hay addressed last December to the Omar Khayyam Club, in London. Omar, said Colonel Hay, in concluding, "told no story; he has never unpacked his heart in public; he has never thrown the reins on the neck of the winged horse, and let his imagination carry him where it listed. 'Ah! the crowd must have emphatic warrant', as Browning sang. Its suffrages are not for the cool, collected observer, whose eye no glitter can dazzle, no mist suffuse. The many cannot but resent that air of lofty intelligence, that pale and subtle smile. But he will hold a place forever among that limited number who, like Lucretius and Epicurus-without rage or defiance, even without unbecoming mirth,-look deep into the tangled mysteries of things; refuse credence to the absurd, and allegiance to arrogant authority; sufficiently conscious of fallibility to be tolerant of all opinions; with a faith too wide for doctrine and a benevolence untrammeled by creed; too wise to be wholly poets, and yet too surely poets to be implacably wise." Omarians will be grateful to Mr. Mosher of Portland for printing the five-minute address in his customary dainty fashion. The fourth centenary of John Cabot's epoch-making voyage, fittingly celebrated last summer, at the port of his departure, Bristol, England, and in the land which his voyage opened to the Anglo-Saxon race, at Halifax and St. John's, Newfoundland, by the laying of the corner-stones of Memorial and Signal Towers and the dedication of commemorative tablets, has done much to call public attention to the results of the latest scholarship relative to the many problems of the Cabot voyages and to the increasing wealth of the literature of the subject. Probably the most valuable contribution to the subject called out by the recent celebration was the paper read before the Royal Society of Canada, at the previously mentioned exercises at Halifax, entitled The Voyages of the Cabots, Latest Phases of the Controversy', by Dr. Samuel E. Dawson, a Canadian scholar whose previous articles on this subject have attracted wide and favorable notice. In this his latest paper he sums up in a most luminous manner the various theories as to the landfall of John Cabot, criticising these in detail and restating the arguments of his earlier papers in favor of the Cape Breton hypothesis, answering in a very able and scholarly way the various objections to his position, by an appeal to contemporary maps and documents some of which have only recently been brought to light-and to climatic and other physical conditions. So convincing is his argument that we conclude with Mr. C. E. Weare ('Cabot's Discovery of North America') that Mr. Dawson "in his theory of the landfall" "has come nearer to the actual truth than others who have propounded theories thereon." The value of this paper is greatly enhanced by the many illustrations of maps and charts, but especially by the excellent photo-lithographic reproduction of the Map of Juan de La Cosa, 1500,-upon which Dr. Dawson bases his chief argument-and the MappeMonde of 1544 attributed to Sebastian Cabot. (Ottawa: Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada for 1897.) With "The Franks' by Lewis Sergeant the 'Story of the Nations' series appears in a new dress, more suitable for a library than the former binding. Of the work itself it must be said that the subject is not well adapted to historical treatment. It is hardly possible as yet to treat of it satisfactorily in a popular series. As the author states, it "is rich in fable but poor in history". Furthermore, the author has attempted to combine in a single volume a critical study of a doubtful point and a popular presenta tion of a long period, and the result is unsatisfactory. Owing to his peculiar plan about one-third of the book is given up to the period before Clovis, and of this the greater part is merely a summary of the rela tions between Rome and Germany for five centuries. Naturally much must remain obscure. Of the remaining two-thirds, seventy-seven pages are devoted to Charles the Great, by far the most interesting portion of the book. But it is difficult now to write anything novel on this subject. In addition to the index there is a useful table of Roman place names etc., mentioned in the text, with their modern equivalents, from which Ligeris (p. 155), is omitted. The illustrations are good, but the maps unsatisfactory, as they are too limited in extent, showing little of the surrounding country, necessary to enable a reader to understand the por tion presented. (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.) To anyone who knows little or nothing of Spanish history and who wishes only such information as will aggravate race hatred 'The Spaniard in History', by James C. Fernald, will be a boon. It is readable; it is forcible; and is intended to show "that the Spaniard is not one to be trusted with the control of a weak or subject race." Mr. Fernald does not dwell on historical instances which might tell in favor of the Spaniard and does not hesitate to quote freely what any reputable author may have written against him. As a variation from yellow journalism this book could perhaps be classed as yellow pamphleteering. (New York: Funk and Wagnalls.) The 'Short Life of the Venerable John Nepomucene Neumann', by the Very Rev. F. Magnier, is a biography of a modest, industrious, devoted Roman Catholic priest, whose rare intelligence and adminis trative ability Won him against his desire the bishopric of Philadelphia, and whose services to the educational interests of his diocese entitle him to be called the patron saint of the Roman Catholic schools of Philadelphia. (St. Louis: B. Herder.) The translator continues her labor of love by presenting the fifth volume of Gregorovius's Rome in the Middle Ages. As is well known to students this work increases in interest with each volume. Here we have the drama of the thirteenth century, the period that witnessed the end of the constructive work of the Middle Ages in most lines of its activity. For the fourteenth century built on the preceding, but produced little, and the fifteenth cen tury is the beginning of the modern age. For this reason, then, the present volume has a peculiar interest, and the power of the author appears to best advantage in the admirable last chapter on the gen eral culture of Rome. We regret that while the translation is generally faithful, it is not always a felicitous rendering of the original. But we cannot be too grateful that such a treasure is placed within the reach of English students. (New York: The Macmillan Company.) Sir Walter Besant's 'The Rise of an Empire' begins a series of booklets on the colonies and nations of the British empire. There is in this little volume a worthy aperçue of the character of the average Englishman and of his achievements in exploration and colonization in America, the East Indies, and Australia, concluded with an eloquent protest against British indifference respecting the development of its colonial dominions and the loss of its emigrant population. (New York: M. F. Mansfield.) Under the title of 'Little Masterpieces' Professor Bliss Perry is editing a series of selections of English and American authors, remarkable for their scholarly execution, daintiness of workmanship, and cheapness of issue. The first three volumes on Poe, Irving, and Hawthorne, are now followed by 'Benjamin Franklin' and 'Abraham Lincoln.' Mr. Perry's work must here be judged by the admirable taste displayed in the selection rather than by his introductions, which are of the briefest. Still, a taste of the latter may be afforded by his comment on Lincoln's letters. "The letters exhibit still another side of Lincoln's strange and fascinating individuality. In compression and clear-cut force, in their humor and homely pathos, in their shrewd knowledge of character, these letters are among the most traordinary ever written. While they afford new glimpses into Lincoln's nature, it is true of them as it is of his other writings, that they express without explaining the secret of his personality. One closes a volume of Lincoln's addresses and letters with something of the feeling that Walt Whitman has uttered with regard to Lincoln's portraits: 'None of the artists or pictures has caught the deep though subtle and indirect expression of this man's face. There is something else there!" (New York: Doubleday and McClure.) ex The English reader is offered a detailed report of the fifteen days' evidence and pleadings of the cause célèbre of Zola in The Trial of Emile Zola', published by B. J. Tucker, New York. Sanitary Engineering' by Wm. Paul Gerhard is a brief outline of the training necessary for one to practise this profession and contains a methodical enumeration of the problems of sanitary engineering. The subject covers an extensive field and the author has attempted to touch upon the problems of every line of work which could possibly be considered within the scope of his subject. The condensation necessary to put this into a book of about one hundred pages results in affording nothing more than suggestions to the reader. The work however is well calculated to stimulate useful public interest and further reading in this very neglected department of civic life. (New York: published by the author.) The method of studying Shakspere which William H. Fleming presents in How to Study Shakspere' is designed for Shakspere clubs. It includes outlines of a study of the chief plays on the lines of plot, textual difficulties, and the inevitable miscellany of dramatic construction, etymology, variant readings, etc., following the progress of the play under discussion. Maturer readers are guided, as well, to the more important popular works and articles devoted to a critical interpretation of the great dramatist. Mr. Fleming intends well in this volume and his work will be helpful to many, especially to members of literary clubs who wish to do some, not too serious, study. That his book is not thoroughly satisfactory is the result of a method not sufficiently methodical, and of a critical judgment not always accurate in details of theories of Shakspere's work. (New York: Doubleday and McClure.) Music Notes. There has been a decided increase in the attention given to the study of music in American colleges during the last few years. Professorships have been recently established at Yale and Columbia; and Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, and Michigan have had departments for some years. Harvard added music to her curriculum in 1870 and the courses have been gradually enlarged since that time until now they not only include Harmony, Counterpoint, Canon and Fugue, Orchestration, and the History of Music, but a course of analytical lectures on the chamber music of Beethoven and other modern masters, supplemented by a series of ten chamber concerts in Sanders Theatre (the college theatre) open to all members of the university and to the public. The programmes have been selected to represent most of the forms of modern chamber music, the sonata for pianoforte and for pianoforte and violin, the string quartet and quintet, the septet and octet, and other forms of ensemble music. These works are performed mainly by the Kneisel Quartet and the Adamowski Quartet, assisted by such distinguished soloists as Madame Szumouska, Madame Hope-Kirk, Mr. Carl Baermann, and Mr. Rafael Joseffy. Thus a rare opportunity is afforded for studying and hearing in close connection the masterpieces of music. This course, which has been received with marked interest and enthusiasm, embodies most effectively the University Extension idea of teaching. All the courses in music at Harvard count for the degree of Bachelor of Arts and the degree in Arts and Philosophy are open to graduate students in music. The requirements for the degree of Ph. D. in Music are fully equivalent to those for the degree of Doctor of Music at the English universities. the Harvard library contains the full scores of the best-known compositions of the great masters, in addition to all the valuable books of reference. Since the founding of the Department of Music Professor John K. Paine has been at its head and his influence not only on the college but on American music in general has been very great. Since 1895 Mr. W. R. Spalding (H. U. '87) has been instructor in music and has had charge of the courses in Harmony and Counterpoint. In the College chapel the music is under the direction of Mr. Warren A. Locke. The choir of men and boys (the men from among the college students) sings at daily morning prayers, at the Thursday afternoon vesper service, and at the Sunday evening service. The twentieth convention of the Music Teachers' National Convention was held at the WaldorfAstoria, New York, June 23 to 27. The attendance numbered about 1500, made up of teachers and students from all parts of the country. The programme einbraced a wide range of subjects and presented some interesting concerts. W. J. Henderson, of the New York Times', gave his lecture on the Orchestra, with illustrations by the American Symphony Orchestra, Mr. Franko, conductor. Lehmann's 'In a Persian Garden' was sung; there was a concert of songs by American composers, an orchestral concert under the direction of Horatio Parker, which included his most interesting overture, 'Robert, Count of Paris', and Mendelssohn's 'St. Paul', sung by the Brooklyn Oratorio Society, Walter Henry Hall, conductor. Philadelphia was represented by Mr. Gilchrist, three of whose songs were sung, by Richard Zeckwer, who read a paper on 'The Conservatory System', by Dr. Clark, who had one on 'Harmony', and by Mr. Surette, who spoke on 'Church Music.' With the Magazines. Mc Certainly it is no fault of the editors if the public is not thoroughly conversant with every possible phase of the present war. The lightest 'Illustrated' and the gravest review alike offer "timely" articles which range from 'Lovers' Day at a State Camp' to profound studies of questions of gravest import. Clure's', indeed is wholly given over to belligerency from cover to cover, concluding with Henry Newbolt's impressive hymn, 'In the Time of War and Tumults'. The 'Cosmopolitan's' leading article, however, presents the wonderful properties of liquid air, described by Charles E. Tripler. Modern utilitarianism looks at once for the practical application of the discovery and thinks to find it in such processes as cold storage and the reduction of temperature in fever wards. This magazine is not to be counted as without the war spirit; particularly noticeable is General Greely's study of previous expeditions into the Tropics. The second installment in Lippincott's' of the letters of Charles Lamb to Robert Lloyd contains what the collator, E. V. Lucas, calls the gem of the collection, a characteristic eulogy of Izaak Walton, but to many that title may seem rather to belong to a delightful characterization of Jeremy Taylor as a rich texture of nature and poetry sewn thick into a stout cord of theology. In 'Scribner's' Sylvester Baxter deals with the question of seaside pleasure grounds for cities fortunate enough to be within reach of the great cleansing ocean. The illustrations by W. A. Clark show the use that Boston has made of her opportunities. H. E. Krehbiel in his tribute to Anton Seidl declares that, more distinctively than any of his colleagues, Seidl was the product of the tendencies given to reproductive art by Richard Wagner. The 'Century' has 'The Defeat of the Spanish Armada' by William F. Tilton, briefly prefaced by Captain Mahan. The former sums up the present interest in that bygone tragedy when he says that the catastrophe of the Armada was "the startling outward manifestation of inner weakness and decay. It was the voice of history proclaiming to the world that the days of Spain's greatness were over." Captain Mahan's opinion is much in demand just now; in 'Harper's' he writes of current fallacies upon naval subjects, and as might be expected he insists that a navy "for defence only" is of small account in diplomatic relations, being nearly useless as a deterrent of war. Albert Bushnell Hart looks back over the century during which Cuba has been a source of irritation, anxiety, and danger. felicitously quotes a French orator of 1793, "I do not accuse the king; I do not accuse the nation; I do not accuse the people; I accuse the situation." He On the cover of the Atlantic' the flag flies as it did in '61, and the place of honor is given to a summary of our Cuban relations with Spain, the causes of the war, and the problems likely to arise therefrom. An interesting point is made in the assertion that hitherto the adventurous, outdoor spirit of our race has found abundant scope within our own borders, but that our present-day national problems while important, are not exciting, and an opportunity for extended enterprise may therefore be welcome to a people with traditions of restless energy in colonization, in conquest, and in trade. Professor Ira N. Hollis writes to the effect that the bearing of uncertain factors in naval conflicts has been unduly exaggerated. "The qualities of the men must always after all remain the determining element, and we have no cause to think that they have declined." The number contains also several thoughtful articles on educational topics. The leading reviews show the trend of feeling in England towards this country. The Fortnightly's' first article is by Fitzhugh Lee on Cuban questions, his point of view being that which has become fa miliar, "it is difficult to see how America could refrain longer from taking action in this Cuban problem". H. W. Wilson examines Mr. T. A. Brassey's recent assertion that England is capable of meeting any two other Powers at sea and even holding her own, though with difficulty, against a coalition of France, Russia, and Germany. He compares ships, material, personnel, and battle-training, and holds that Mr. Brassey's claim cannot be substantiated at the present time, and will not be established by the future as the Powers in question are increasing their navies at a rapid rate. Two memoirs of Gladstone, by Canon MacColl and Sir W. G. F. Phillimore, are written from the standpoint of personal affection. In the Contemporary' G. W. E. Russell treats the question of Gladstone's theology, saying that Mr. Gladstone himself would have claimed to be an historical Catholic, though clinging with the strong and simple assurance of a child-like faith to the great central realities of personal sinfulness and personal salvation. Claes Ericsson, who has the good fortune to have been botanizing in the Philippine Islands some years ago, describes conditions there so that we realize that the islands have urgent need of Kipling's "Sergeant Whatisname"; but perhaps Admiral Dewey will furnish the American equivalent. The last Nineteenth Century' is remarkable in that it avoids the war and covers every other subject of present interest, including politics, economics, literature, religion, medicine and travel. Frederic Harrison on style in English prose is interesting if somewhat obvious: however young writers cannot be too frequently adjured to keep to the well undefiled. He urges the reading of Swift, Defoe, and Goldsmith for pure English, and concludes by insisting that the English Bible which begot English prose remains its supreme type. R. T. Thompson writes of the new relation between employers and employed which will be created by the act coming into effect on July 1st, and affecting some six million workmen. It bids fair to cause one of the noiseless revolutions of history, and, while assuring fair compensation to the "wounded soldiers of industry", will entail on employers risks which can be met only through some form of insurance. The number concludes with an editorial tribute to Gladstone as a contributor who "never once failed to keep his promises to the letter and to the instant." Certainly poetry is a subject of which the essayist never wearies. In the 'Gentleman's Magazine', beside John Hogben's paper on the birds of Wordsworth, Edith Gray Wheelwright discusses the poetic faculty and modern poets, contending that the work of our era "has tended upon the whole to strengthen our position as guardians of the poetic gift." Then, too, in the 'Pall Mall Magazine' "Q" writes of the poet as watching for gleams from the spiritual region and revealing them to such as will receive their teaching. He believes that the next generation will be immeasurably helped, "if we can gain for it a more liberal succession to its great inheritance of poetry," and to attain this end he advocates more general reading of poetry in schools. McLeod Stewart's paper on Ottawa is illustrated by photographs of the stately public buildings and beautiful natural surroundings of the Canadian capital. J. Holt Schooling series of articles on crime which promise to be of un usual value. commences a THE CHILDREN OF THE FUTURE, Smith-THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD, Oppenheim, by Dr. Frederick Tracy. BOOK NOTES-Butler's The Meaning of Education '—Davidson's Rousseau'-Stubb's 'Practical Hints on the Training of Choir Boys'-Eva Kellogg's Australia and the Islands of the Sea' -Jokai's 'The Lion of Janina '-MacDonald's 'Select Documents Illustrative of the History of the United States'-'The Eugene Field Book-Abbott's Christianity and Social Problems'-Baldwin's 'Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development' -Simonds's 'Introduction to the Study of English Fiction'-Sharpless's 'A Quaker Experiment in Government'-Anne Sedgwick's 'The Dull Miss Archinard '-Eleanor Lord's 'Industrial Experiments in the British Colonies of North America'-Goldwin Smith's 'Guesses at the Riddle of Existence '-Carus's 'Lao-Tse's Tao-Teh-King Coleman's 'Algebraic Arithmetic' - Donaldson's 'The House in which Thomas Jefferson Wrote the Declaration of Independence'-Triggs's 'Selections from the Prose and Poetry of Walt Whitman-Charlotte Stetson's 'In This Our World' Winter's 'The Peace-Makers' Annie Eliot Trumbull's 'A Cape Cod Week' and Rod's Salvation '-Garland's The Spirit Walch's of Sweetwater' - Caroline Sphinx '-Anthony Hope's 'Rupert of Hentzau'-Miss Burt's 'Odysseus'-Kaufman and O'Hagan's 'Cuba at a Glance '-Lockyer's 'The Sun's Place in Nature'-Learned's 'Dr. 145 'Treasury of American Verse '-Murray's 'My Contemporaries in Fiction'-Shoomkoff's "The Future of the Balkan States''Teachers' Leaflets '-Alexander's 'Princeton: Old and New-Spahr's 'Distribution of Wealth'-Brown's Partisan Politics'Belmont's 'Republican Responsibility for Present Currency Perils'-Fitzhugh's 'The Philosophy of the Humanities' Eliot's 'American Contributions to Civilization'Schopenhauer's The Wisdom of Life'-Mitchell's The Canons of the First Four General Councils-Henderson's 'What is Good Music-Hannah Smith's 'Music, How it Came to be and What it is '-Page's Pastime Stories 'Shuffeldt's 'Chapters on the Natural History of the United States '-Ménie Dowie's 'The Crook of the Bough'-Alien's Wheat in the Ear'-Bryce's Gladstone: His Characteristics as Man and Statesman '-Clarke's 'Outline of Christian Theology -Strong's 'The Great Poets and Their Theology '-Hazen's 'Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revolution '-Hart's 'The Building of the Republic '-Fletcher's 'The Builders'-de Bury's 'French Literature of To-day' -Hadley's Seven Months a Prisoner '-Cornford's Sons of Adversity'-Castle's 'The Pride of Jennico '-Dalton's 'A Slight Romance '-Parknhurst's How to Name the Birds'-Nicholson's Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry '-VanDyke's 'Nature for its Own Sake' WITH THE MAGAZINES เ Life and Education. 147 158 AT a recent meeting of the Directors of the American Society for the Extension of University Teaching it was decided to suspend the publication of The Citizen until further notice. The explanation of this action is found in two facts which may be briefly stated: the number of subscribers to The Citizen was not sufficient to support it; to continue to publish the paper meant the devotion to it of energy that in the opinion of the directors could be better applied in other directions. The American Society began to publish a journal in July, 1891. As University Extension at that time was an unfamiliar name in this country, standing for a form of education little understood by our people, it seemed to be the duty of the society first organized for the introduction of the new plan to systematically put before the public the claims of the movement and the opinions and the experience of those who were interested in it. The time came, however, when it was difficult to obtain a constant supply of fresh and vital thought about a matter that had been freely discussed for some years and was no longer a new subject. It was then that the character of the Society's publication was modified. It was thought that if a paper were published that should contain educational matter of general interest, such essay, as able reviews of current books of value, and articles upon topics similar to those treated by the Society's lecturers-literary, historical, political, and social subjects-the paper would be more widely read and there would be a better opportunity to bring to public notice anything of special interest about University Extension whenever occasion required. It was in conformity with this plan that The Citizen was established in March, 1895. The choice of a name seemed to be logically determined by the fact that in the minds of those who have given most attention to University Extension its chief claim to recognition as a useful agency lies in its purpose to reach the mass of the adult population, and stimulate those who come under its influence to greater thoughtfulness, to what Professor Butler, in his 'Democracy and Education' (one in a volume of collected papers elsewhere commented upon in this issue) has in mind when he says: "I am profoundly convinced that the greatest educais a fuller tional need of our time appreciation of what human institutions really mean and what tremendous moral issues and principles they involve". It is this "fuller appreciation" that will improve the quality of citizenship; and University Extension is based upon the need of awakening and fostering this appreciation in the minds of the people who constitute the responsible generation at the This is what distinguishes it present time. from school education, as it is differentiated from university education not only by the character of the teaching but by its tender of what it has to offer to many instead of to a few. The Society was not able to pay for contributed articles, but among its lecturers, its friends, and others, to whom the appeal for "light and leading" is not made in vain, a group of writers was found who were always ready to respond to the editor's call. They made The Citizen possible, made it—beginning without capital, staff, or promise of supporta journal claiming the respect of every eduWe wish cated man or woman who read it. here to thank the contributors, to express our warm appreciation of their unselfishly given aid and our regret that a pleasant association must end. We publish elsewhere the names of those who have assisted us and a few comments upon the result of their work-testimony of high authority as to its character. It has always been the desire of The Citizen to avoid the attitude of an organ, advertising and insisting upon a particular thing. If there was anything worth saying about University Extension we said it, otherwise we let the subjest alone. We were always ready and willing to publish anything of educational value or touching public interests. We hoped that in time The Citizen would be used as a medium for the exchange of ideas among all the persons and organized bodies in Philadelphia that in their several ways are working for the enlightenment and bettering of the community. That the Browning Society, with its thousand or more members, has lately expressed through its directors a wish to use The Citizen in some such manner is an indication that our hope might in time have been fulfilled. We think it can be truthfully said that no opinion upon the quality of a book has ever been printed in The Citizen, with the knowledge of the editor, that was biased by partiality or hope of gain. Nothing has been allowed to interfere with getting entirely candid opinions from persons particularly competent as reviewers; books have almost invariably been noticed by specialists in the subjects touched by the books. The Citizen has never meant to publish anything not of some real interest. With these high ideals and stern virtues governing the conduct of the paper it could hardly be expected to be "bright", "newsy", "chatty", "gossipy", "personal", or to contain the host of "attractions" which lighten the anxieties of the business manager. Such as it was in its best estate The Citizen was sent to a large number of the cultivated people of Philadelphia, with testimonials as to its character; they were asked if it was wanted in the house at the moderate rate of $1.00 a year. The lack of response to this appeal was almost convincing that a serious journal cannot readily get subscribers by a mere showing of its quality; and we are informed that the way to the heart of subscriberswhether sought by a serious or a "sparkling" paper-is by devious paths that must first be paved with gold. It is a question whether unadulterated sobriety is ever palatable to the American people, yet we do not argue from the lack of hunger for The Citizen that the educated people of Philadelphia are light-minded and wanting in regard for virtue; we know they are on the whole the most commendable people in a wide country, and we do not doubt that many of them would be willing to pay several dollars a year to insure the existence in Philadelphia of a trustworthy review, but those who feel so have not sent in their names. What is everybody's business is nobody's business; and the opportunities thrust upon one in Philadelphia to give money for good purposes surely cannot be equalled anywhere else in the world. The Citizen has simply failed to get its share. Readers of George Borrow will remember Mrs. Petulengro as a "lawful certificated wife". and that on one occasion she expressed an in |