disbursing officers, and having them in Washington under the immediate supervision of the bureau, and requiring that their time be given exclusively to this business. 3. By relieving the provost marshals of the responsibility of disbursing public money, not only was the government saved from loss that would necessarily have resulted from their inexperience, but these officers escaped complications which would probably have embarrassed them for years in their settlements with the treasury. 4. Under the plan pursued, the persons to be employed, the leases to be made, &c., had to receive the approval of the bureau before payments were made, and thus unnecessary and improper contracts for services and property were prevented. APPENDIX. PART XII. Table of contents of Appendix-Part I. Doc. 1. Strength of the army at various dates.... 2. Recruitment of European armies... 3. Recruitment of British army 4. Recruitment of French army. 5. Organization of rebel armies 6. Report of enrolment branch. 7. Report of deserters' branch.. 8. Report of medical branch. 9. Report of disbursing branch, (enrolment and draft.).. Page. 101 102 105 108 113 142 224 238. 701 10. Report of disbursing branch, (recruiting of volunteers and colored troops.)... 733 Table of contents of Appendix-Part II. 11. Specimen report of Acting Assistant Provost Marshal General 13. Specimen report of Surgeon of Enrolment Board 1 51 76 17. General Order No. 60, Adjutant General's Office, June 6, 1862; recommencing recruiting 14. Opinion of Attorney General, May 6, 1865, concerning bounties payable to cer- 98 102 102 102 103 18. Article 1st, correspondence between the governors of States and the President relative to the call of August, 1862, for 300,000 men.. Article 2d, offer, dated April, 1864, of 85,000 men for one hundred days. 19. Order of the President for the draft of 300,000 men, August 4, 1862.. 20. Article 1st, General Order No. 99, Adjutant General's Office, August 9, 1862; regulations for the enrolment and draft of 300,000 men.. Article 2d, General Order No. 121, Adjutant General's Office, August 29, 1862; concerning supplies to drafted militia... 21. General Order No. 67, Adjutant General's Office, March 17, 1863; detailing Colonel James B. Fry as Provost Marshal General.. 104 105 107 109 110 22. General Order No. 111, Adjutant General's Office, May 1, 1863; placing all 112 113 Article 4th, Circular No. 34, Provost Marshal General's Office; announcing that the Secretary of War has fixed the commutation at $300....... 25. Article 1st, General Order No. 143, Adjutant General's Office, May 22, 1863; establishing Bureau of Colored Troops.. 114 115 Article 2d, General Order No. 376, Adjutant General's Office, November 21, *26. Article 1st, Circular No. 3, Provost Marshal General's Office; concerning Article 2d, Circular No. 5, Provost Marshal General's Office, March 8, 1865; 27. Article 1st, opinion of the Solicitor of the War Department, August 1, 1864, 116 119 121 Article 2d, opinion of Attorney General, February 9, 1865, in reply to legal points presented concerning enrolment by the governor of Pennsylvania...... 124 28. Telegram of Provost Marshal General, April 29, 1865; directing discontinuance of recruiting... 127 29. Opinion of Judge Advocate General, September 10, 1863; deciding that drafted men are not a part of "the required number" until they report.... 127 30. Opinions of distinguished persons concerning the necessity for a change in the manner of raising troops. 31. Extract from "Woolman's Journal". 127 131 32. Call of Secretary of War on District of Columbia for ten companies of militia. 131 33. Register of Acting Assistant Provost Marshals General.. 34. Register of Members of Boards of Enrolment. 132 134 35. Collection of legal documents in regard to recruiting. 154 36. Proclamations and orders of the President.. 205 37. Regulations for the government of the Provost Marshal General's bureau.... 276 38. Casualties of employés of the Provost Marshal General's bureau.. 39. Register of persons who furnished representative recruits... 352 353 Document No. 1. STRENGTH OF THE ARMY AT VARIOUS DATES. TABLE NO. 1.-Strength of United States army, January 1, 1861. TABLE NO. 2.-Strength of the army at various dates, compiled by the Adjutant General of the army after a thorough revision of his records. The armies of all the powerful European nations, except England, are raised and kept on foot by annual drafts, though volunteers are, of course, accepted. England relies only on voluntary enlistments, procured by bounties. Among the armies which are recruited by conscription, Prussia alone rigorously exacts personal service. Russia, Austria, France and Italy allow substitution. In Russia there is complete exemption for the nobility and the corps of merchants (who belong to the superior classes,) and for the extreme northern provinces, and an imperial decree annually fixes the percentage of men to be drafted. Commutation to the amount of one thousand silver roubles (equivalent to seven hundred and fifty dollars) may be paid in lieu of personal service. Landed proprietors were, until 1856, called upon to furnish the regular percentage from among their serfs, and thirty-three roubles apiece for their outfit, and every serf as soon as placed in service became free. Communes furnished men in proportion to their extent. The empire was divided into eastern and western halves, alternating annually in furnishing the contingent, which was about five men to the one thousand of population. But toward 1856 it rose to thirteen men to the thousand, which was a severe burden. Recruiting was then suspended for five years, and in 1863 it had been resumed on a very extensive scale, five men to the thousand being called for throughout the whole empire. It seems as if the new social status were intended to give rise to an immense military development. Special rules for furnishing troops apply to those tribes in the eastern and southern extremities of the empire generally known as Cossacks. They are exempt from taxes and draft, but are required to keep on foot a certain number of regiments and batteries, prescribed by the Russian government, which supports them when in active service like the regular troops. Every Cossack is liable to serve thirty-five years, of which twenty-five may be outside his own territory; he must equip himself, and be ready to march at a moment's notice. In time of war, every available man is used; and during the campaign in the Crimea, no less than eighty-four regiments of Cossacks were in the service. The preservation intact of the Russian boundaries on the southeast is committed to the care of these tribes. The term of service of the Russian soldier is twenty years, of which the first ten are under the colors, the remaining ten in the reserve. and public teachers, are exempted by reasons of their profession. The age of liability is from nineteen to twenty-nine years. Substitutes are furnished by government at twelve hundred florins, about six hundred dollars a head. Each province is allowed to furnish such troops as its inhabitants are best calculated to make. Hungary furnishes only Hussars, the Tyrol and Dalmatia only rifle men, Gallacia only lancers. The rest of the territory is divided into eighty districts, each of which keeps up to its full strength one regiment of the line. The Croats, whose territory is north of Turkey, form an active garrison against the attacks of neighboring tribes. Like the Cossacks, every man capable of bearing arms, with the exception of the residents of certain towns, is liable to service outside his own territory, from twenty to fifty years of age, and for ten years beyond that age as home-guard in his own country. About twenty thousand Croats in time of peace held the line of forts along the whole Austrian frontier; but in time of war this is increased threefold; and including those who are only capable of service in their own province, fully one hundred and fifty thousand men can be counted upon. The annual contingent from Croatia averages twelve thousand men. Lands are held by feudal tenure, for which these men are furnished, and they are equipped, kept and paid by government. The Austrian term of service is ten years, of which over one-half is passed in the reserve. Prussia exacts personal service, saving a few exceptions, determined by considerations of family or property. Men who fulfil certain rules as to educational capacity, and volunteer and equip themselves at their own cost, need serve but one year. Every Prussian citizen is thus a soldier. Of the sixteen years he is called upon to serve, three are in active regiments, four in the reserve, and nine in the militia, (landwehr.) In the new kingdom of Italy, all citizens, without distinction, are by law obliged to bear arms. The young men attaining their twenty-first year form the annual contingent. Such of these as are proven to the satisfaction of the government to be indispensably needed at home, (such as men who are the sole support of their families, &c.,) are exempted; and commutation is allowed to be paid at a rate proportional to the lucrativeness of the employment of the payer. The reserve, which is composed of all serviceable men up to the age of thirtyfive years, is not called into active service, except in time of war, but all its members are expected to be in readiness at any time to do militia duty, when there is need of troops for defending cities or military posts. These men are divided into three classes: First, bachelors, or childless widowers; second, childless married men; third, married men with children. In case of need, two-year volunteers are first called for; but if an insufficient number respond to the call, then the classes above named are called, one after another, beginning with the youngest of each, and substitution for this service is allowed, subject to laws laid down for this purpose. In the Italian army, volunteers serve eight, conscripts eleven years. In France, the principle that the citizen owes his personal services to government is kept alive, although substitution is permitted. Commutation annually fixed by an imperial decree, amounting to about two thousand or two thousand five hundred francs (four to five hundred dollars,) exempts drafted men, and a sum proportional to this commutation exempts a soldier for an unexpired portion of his term, if called home by really urgent causes, such as his family being without support, &c. The fund thus accumulated is employed in procuring enlistments of substitutes, and re-enlistments of veterans, which latter are paid for by a bounty of from four to six hundred dollars, and an increase of pay. This system is very popular, and seems to work well; and as the amount of commutation is annually changed according to necessity, the increase or decrease of men serving in person is easily controlled. In France, men serve seven years, five under the colors and two in the reserve. |