A German partnership had a branch of its business in the United States, in charge of an American partner; other partners being German subjects. Held, that the partnership, as related to the American partner and business, was dissolved, by the declaration of war, but that the American partner had an equitable lien on the assets in the United States for the purpose of having them applied to payment of the firm debts and the liquidation of his interest in the partnership, and that under Trading with the Enemy Act 8 (a), being Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, 3115 1⁄2dd, he was entitled to retain possession of the property and liquidate the business, being responsible to the Alien Property Custodian only for any surplus remaining which would be the property of the enemy partners.-Mayer v. Garvan, 270 F. 229.

The regulations of the War Trade Board dated July 14, 1919, as amended July 20, 1919 do not cover property which before July 14, 1919, had been reported to the Alien Property Custodian, or which he had received to be delivered to him.

In view of Rev. St. no. 914, (Comp. St. no. 1537,) while a proceeding by libel by the Alien Property Custodian to recover possession of property under Trading with the Enemy Act, no. 917 (Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, no. 3115 1⁄2e, 3115 i,) is an action at law, for the determination of questions of law on the pleadings, libelant is as much entitled to avail of admissions in the answer as he would be in admiralty.-Garvan v. $25,000 Canada Southern Ry. Co. 5% Bonds, 270 F. 217.

Where proceeds of a life insurance policy payable to insured's brother, a citizen of Hungary, had been paid to the Alien Property Custodian, in suit against the Custodian under Trading with the Enemy Act (Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St Ann. Supp. 1919, no. 3115 1⁄2e), by one who claimed such proceeds on the ground insured had changed the beneficiary in the policy by substituting plaintiff for insured's brother, the brother was entitled to notice; but, his whereabouts being unknown, except that he was last supposed to be in Hungary, the court would order notice printed four times at weekly intervals in some paper in Buda-Pest and the next largest city in the then existing republic, advising him that he must file his appearance within 6 weeks of the last publication, this being the best possible substitute for actual notice.-Lovinger v. Garvan, 270. F. 208.

Under Trading with the Enemy Act, no. 17, (Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, no. 3115 1⁄2), a District Court may proceed on the petition of the Alien Property Custodian to compel delivery of property alleged to belong to an alien enemy, and a formal bill in equity is not required.

Section 7c of the statute (Comp. St. 1918 Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919 no. 3115 1⁄2i,) makes mandatory delivery of property to the Alien Property Custodian on his demand and in a proceeding to enforce such demand his determination under authority delegated by the President cannot be controverted. So long as the Alien Property Custodian is exercising his powers under the authority of Congress, a court, in a proceeding to enforce his demand for delivery of property, cannot take into consideration the fact of the Armistice or that peace with Germany has been signed by other nations.-In re Garvan, 270, F. 1002.

New York.

In action by American pledgees of certificates of marine insurance by a British insurance company, the insured goods, belonging to a German pledoor, having been captured by the British in the war against Germany, the contention that the action could not be maintained, because the pledgee would recover the full amount of the insurance certificates, and that any part thereof exceeding the amount of the goods secured by the pledge would be recovered in behalf of the German pledgor, stated no defense, as any aid and comfort to the enemy from such recovery could be prevented by exercise of the Alien Property Custodian's right to take and hold the proceeds of the recovery until declaration of peace.-Guinness v. Phoenix Assur. Co., Ltd. of London, 188 N. Y. S. 137.

A petition by the Swiss consul, in charge of German interests, on behalf of an alleged widow of a decedent who was a citizen and resident of Germany, must be deemed a special proreeding, within Trading with the Enemy Act. 7, subd. "b" (Comp. St. 1018. Como. St. Ann Supp. 1919, 31151⁄21⁄2d). In re Kuntzsch's Estate 187 N. T. S. 245.

Wisconsin.

COURTS

Property in the state which a foreign corporation is required to have by St. 1919, no. 2637, subd. 13, in order to

make valid service of process on it in this state in an action by a nonresident, must be of some substantial nature, and mere ownership of office supplies used by a soliciting agent in connection with his duties is not enough to give the court jurisdiction of an action begun by service on such agent.In re Inland, Steel Co., 182 N. W. 917.

DEATH.

Notwithstanding Acts. 35th Leg. (1917) c. 156 (Vernon's Ann. Civ. St. Supp. 1918, art. 77302,) as to situs of suits based on torts committed in foreign states and countries, a widow cannot sue a railroad in Texas for the death of her husband in a crossing collision in New Mexico, under Code N. M. 1915, no. 1820, providing that whenever any person shall die from any injury occasioned by the negligence of any servant while managing a train the employer shall forfeit and pay the sum of $5,000, since the recoverable sum is allowed as a penalty. Clay v. Atchison. T. & S. F. Ry Co., 228 F. 907.

Alabama.

DIVORCE.

Where a decree of divorce awarded custody of a minor child of the marriage to the mother, allowing the father the right of visitation and permitted her to remarry, the fact that the mother remarried and on second marriage left the jurisdiction, removing the child to her domicile in another state, does not amount to contempt which would prevent the mother from being heard on the father's petition for modification of the original decree. Ex parte Vaughn, 87 So. 792. Colorado.

a

A judgment of divorce, obtained by a husband in foreign state upon constructive service alone, is no bar to a proceeding by the wife to obtain alimony.-Davis v. Davis, 197 P. 241. Kentucky.

Divorce suit of a nonresident husband was properly dismissed. Workman v. Workman, 229 S. W. 379.

Where a husband abandoned his wife in another state and moved to Kentucky, and the wife continued to live in the state of their former domicile, the wife could not sue for divorce in Kentucky under Ky. St. no. 2120, requiring the party bringing the action to have been a continuous resident of the state for one year on the theory that she had a constructive domicile in Kentucky because of the husband's residence there.

After the delictum giving a right to a divorce, either spouse may acquire a separate residence or domicile, and the right to maintain divorce proceedings is governed by the local law of the acquired residence or domicile.-George v. George, 228 S. W. 408.

Missouri.

Evidence that a husband went to another state for the purpose of procuring a divorce, and remained there only long enough to accomplish his purpose, to do which he was compelled to introduce evidence that he was a resident of that state, held to show that the foreign divorce was obtained by actual fraud, which went to the jurisdiction of the court, so that such judgment does not require the vacation of a previous judgment in favor of his wife for separate maintenance. Wagoner v. Wagoner, 229 S. W. 1064.

New York.

Where a court of another state, in rendering divorce decree for wife, adopted separation agreement as a part of decree, with respect to alimony and the support of the children, the husband, being sued in New York for accrued alimony. could not defend on the ground that the wife had violated separation agreement, which had become a part of the decree, thus relieving him from liability for alimony, without first having applied to the court of the other state for relief therefrom on such ground his failure to apply to court of other state for relief therefrom on such ground: his failure to apply to court of other state constituting a waiver of the objection. That court of another state, in rendering divorce decree for wife, reserved the power to modify or annul the provi. sions as to alimony and support of children in wife's custody. did not preclude wife from bringing action in New York for accrued alimony, since such reservation in the decree did not empower the court of the other state to modify it with respect to accrued alimony, but merely as to payments to accrue subsequent to application for modification. Van Horn v. Van Horn, 188 N. Y. S. 98.

Where a husband and wife lived in New York when they were married, the wife deserted the husband and lived apart from him, though he contributed to her support, and later the husband moved to New Jersey, lived there for a time, and then went to Nevada, where his business took him, and he did not go merely to acquire residence there in order to bring action for divorce, the divorce obtained by the husband in Nevada was valid, and his first wife cannot maintain action for divorce, based on his relations with a second wife after the Nevada decree. Hatch v. Hatch, 187 N. Y. S. 586.

Indiana.

DOMICILE.

In the absence of desertion, the domicile of an illegitimate child is that of the mother, who as its natural guardian, has the natural right to custody.-Glansman v. Ledbetter, 130 N. E. 230.

Iowa.

Every person under all circumstances and conditions must have a domicile somewhere.

Domiciles may be divided into three general classes, "domicile of origin", which is the domicile of a person's parents at the time of his birth, "domicile of choice," which is the place which a person has elected and chosen for himself to display his previous domicile, and "domicile by operation of law," which is the domicile which the law attributes to a person independent of his own intention or residence.

Generally a person can have but one domicile at the same time for the same purpose, especially for the purpose of descent of personal property.-In re Jones' Estate, 182 N. W. 227 New Jersey.

Where a wife before her marriage lived part of the time in Atlantic city, where she was in business, and part of the time in Philadelphia, and after the marraige the husband and wife followed the same practice, it was the husband's legal right to select which residence should be the family domicile, though the wife had previously selected another domicile, and though the husband selected the jurisdiction in which the laws of inheritance would favor him in case of his wife's death. In re Paullin's Will, 113 A. 240.

Virginia.

Where an insane person's domicile was clearly in New York, at the time of her commitment to a hospital in Virginia, her domicile remained in the former state, notwithstanding her presence in the other, unless changed by some competent or authorized person or tribunal, since she lacked the mental capacity to make such change.

Any power to change the domicile of an insane person, which must be independent of such person's own will, must be found in her committee or the courts having jurisdiction of her person. Commonwealth v. Kernochan, 106 S. E. 367.

Oregon.

EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS.

The right of an assignee of a note to sue therein in the state is not affected by the fact of the assignor's being a foreign administrator.-Grignon v. Shope, 197 P. 317. Texas.

In action by intestate's creditor against nonresident administrator, heirs, and heirs' grantees to foreclose creditor's lien under Vernon's Sayles' Ann. Civ. St. 1914, arts. 3391, 3456, after such land had been sold by heirs to such grantees, judgment was not objectionable as a judgment against a foreign administrator, being a judgment in rem for the purpose of foreclosing the lien.

An administrator is the agent of the court in the jurisdiction where he is appointed, and is not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of other state unless he voluntarily appears and submits to its jurisdiction.-Faulkner v. Reed, 229 S. W. 945.

New York.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE.

Where defendant trust company undertook to establish by mail a credit for plaintiff, a resident of Germany, within a reasonable time, to the extent of the equivalent in German exchange of $750, but defendant trust company, by reason of war conditions, failed to perform, plaintiff is entitled to have a return of the consideration with interest; her recovery not being limited to the present value in United States currency of the marks purchased.-Pfotenhauer v. Equitable Trust Co. 188 N. Y. S. 464.

Where defendant bank sold to plaintiff a cable transfer

of 7,000 marks to plaintiff's relative in Poland, the money paid became at once the property of the bank, which was under obligation to plaintiff to pay the agreed equivalent in foreign exchange of the amount received by it to the payee named in the cable transfer.

Where the Polish marks represented by a cable transfer sold plaintiff by defendant bank were never delivered, defendant bank's liability cannot be avoided by the provision in the cable transfer that no liability should attach for any loss or damage in consequence of delay or mistake in transmitting the message, etc.

Where defendant bank sold plaintiff a cable transfer ot Polish marks, and payment could have been effected to the payee in Poland at all times subsequent to the purchase of the transfer, defendant bank's liability for failure to deliver is not avoided by the provision of the cable transfer that, if payment for any reason could not be effected, the bank would not be liable for any sum in excess of the current market value in New York at the time of refund.-Safian v. Irving Nat. Bank, 188 N. Y. S. 393.

A judgment obtained in another state against an ancillary administrator cannot be enforced against domiciliary administratrix; there being no privity between the two adminstrators.

A judgment of a sister state does not bar those who are neither parties nor privies to it, when suit is brought on it in this state.-Leach v. Leach, 130 N. E. 262. New York.

A decision of a court in another state that an action was one in rem and that an adjudication on published summons would be valid is not binding adjudication on the courts of this state upon jurisdictional facts, and the judgment will not be held valid in the absence of facts required for jurisdiction.Hanna v. Stedman, 130 N. E. 566.

Kansas.

JURISDICTION.

Where a locomotive at or near the Kansas-Oklahoma state line sets fire to property in Oklahoma, the cause of action arises in Oklahoma; and it is immaterial whether the engine was in Kansas, or on the state line, or in Oklahoma, when the escaping sparks from the engine set fire to the property. Otey v. Midland Valley R. Co., 197 P. 203. New Jersey.

International union composed of representatives of local unions, one of whose functions is to lend aid and assistance by advice, moral support, and money to local unions engaged in a justifiable strike, cannot be permitted to come into New Jersey, having its headquarters in another state, to advise with striking employees, and to aid and assist them, without rendering it and its agents amenable to the process of the courts of New Jersey.-Gilchrist Co. v. Metal Polishers, Buffers & Platers Local Union No. 44 of Metal Polishers International Union, 113 A. 320.

West Virginia.

MARRIAGE.

If one under the age of consent according to Code 1913. . 64, 2 (Sec. 3637), goes into another state and marries one esiding there, the law of the place of the marriage governs, and in such case section 3 of said chapter (sec. 3638) has no pplication justifying annulment of the marriage on ground herein provided.-Perkey v. Perkey, 106 S. E. 40.

PATENTS.

A corporation organized under the laws of Michigan is a istinct entity in law from a French corporation, though all its stock was owned either by the French corporation or by tockholders thereof, so that such foreign ownership does not affect the right of the Michigan corporation to pay royalties or use of a patent to the French corporation as operating expenses, when sought to be enjoined on a decree against it or infringement-Zenith Carburetor Co. v. Stromberg Motor Devices Co., 270 F. 421.

SALES.

A contract of sale, which in connection with the price employs the term "f.o.b." at a given point, does not require he seller actually to deliver the goods at indicated point.Pond Creek Mill & Elevator Co. v. Clark, 270 F. 482

SEAMEN.

Immigration Act, 32 (Comp. St. 1918 Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, 4289 r). imposing on a vessel liability for hospital expenses of alien not entitled to admission, who is afflicted with a contagious disease and is temporarily admitted for treatment, does not make the vessel liable for medical treatment of an alien employed on board the vessel as mate.

Immigration Act, 35 (Comp. St. 1918 Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, 4289 4ss), making it unlawful for a vessel carrying passengers from a foreign port to have employed on board one afflicted with contagious disease which could have been discovered before sailing, does not impose liability on a vessel of American register not engaged in carrying passengers for the hospital expenses of its alien mate, made necessary by a contagious disease which manifested itself after the vessel left Porto Rico for a United States port.-The Coniscliff, 270 F. 206.

Within Revenue Law 1898, 7, providing for assessment of mercantile firms, and stating that it shall apply to persons representing in the state business domiciled elsewhere, and that bills receivable arising from business done within the state are assessable within the state the last clause, limiting assessment of bills receivable to those arising within the state, applies only in the case of business domiciled elsewhere, and the statute authorizes the assessment against a domestic corporation of bills receivable resulting from transactions outside of the state. Krauss Bros. Lumber Co. v. Board of Assessors, 88 So. 397.

New York.

Where decedent's father, a resident of Pennsylvania, bequeathed personality to trustees, directing that the income be applied to decedent's use for life, and, if she died without issue, the corpus of the trust fund to be paid to such persons as decedent by any instrument in the nature of a last will should direct, and the trustees of the father's estate paid to the executors of descedent's will in New York, decedent being a resident of New York, the property constituting the trust fund held by them, and the executors of decedent's will distributed such property to the various legatees in accordance with her will, the right of such legatees to succeed to the property was derived from the will of decedent, and on such privilege the state of New York can impose a tax.-In re Frazier's Estate, 188 N. Y. S. 189.

Business of citizen and resident of Connecticut, without a home, permanent or temporary, in the state of New York, who, as a cotton goods merchant, had an office and place of business in the city of New York, where he handled orders for cotton goods procured by his salesmen in foreign cities, held carried on within the state of New York within Tax Law, 351, imposing tax on income of a nonresident from all pro

perty owned and from a business carried on in the state.People ex rel. Stafford v. Travis, 187 N. Y. S. 311.

Tax Law, 220, Subd. 2, taxing transfer, by will or intestate law, in case of a nonresident decedent, of shares of stock in a corporation wherever incorporated, in such proportion as the value of the corporation's real estate located in the state bears its value of its entire property, is a valid exercise of the taxing power, though the corporation be foreign, whether or not the stock certificate be in the state at decedent's death. -In re McMullen's Estate, 187 N. Y. S. 248.

Where decedent, a resident of New York state, by a will executed in that state, made an appointment which transferred a fund situated in Pennsylvania under power created by the will of a resident of the state, the transfer is taxable in New York. In re Seaman's Estate, 187 N. Y. S. 254.

California.

TREATIES.

A nonresident alien, a subject of Italy, was entitled to receive real estate by devise under a treaty between the United States and Italy in which what is known as the "most favored nation" clause appears, the treaty overriding Const. art. I, 17 amended in 1894, if in conflict, or any state statute.-In re Turner's Estate, 196 P. 807.

Kansas.

In an action for compensation by the dependents of a workman, who were unnaturalized natives of Italy, but residents of Kansas, it was contended that the quoted statute providing that the compensation be awarded to non-citizens resident in this country shall be for a less amount than shall be given to citizens of this country, it is held that the statute is repugnant to the letter and obvious intent of the treaty between the United States and Italy entered into in 1913, and the limitation is therefore not enforceable.-Vietti v. George K. Mackie Fuel Co., 197 P. 881.

Mississippi.

WILLS.

A will made and probated in a foreign state has no effect as a conveyance as to property in this state until the same is probated, but when probated will relate back to testator 3 death and be given effect unless the property has been acquired in good faith for value by a person without notice of the existence of the will.-Belt v. Adams, 87 So. 666. North Carolina.

Probate of a will in Maryland, insufficient under the law of North Carolina because only one or two witnesses testified, was cured by the curative act. Pub. Loc. Laws (Ex. Sess.) 1913, c. 142, as to an heir, who had no vested interest at the time of the ratification of the act.-Sluder v. Wolf Mountain Lumber Co., 106 S. E. 215.

NEW LAWS AND REGULATIONS. AUSTRIA.

Transfer of Corporations to Foreign Countries.

A decree of the National Council authorizes Austrian joint-stock companies to transfer their business to foreign countries provided sufficient reason can be shown. The company proposing such a transfer must agree to maintain a branch in Austria and to continue to devote the same amount to its operation as was involved before the change.

Tax on Foreign Money, Bills, and Checks.

A law which became effective April 1, 1921, provides for a tax on foreign money and foreign bills and checks whether the transaction takes place on the exchange or elsewhere, provided that one of the contracting parties deals in exchange professionally. The minimum tax is 1 crown, but the Minister of Finance is authorized to make certain exceptions. The tax will continue until December 31, 1922.

New Commercial Agreement with Hungary. The commercial agreement between Austria and Hungary, which went into effect on June 7, 1921, and which may be abrogated at the end of a month on eight days' notice, provides for a freer exchange of commodities between the two countries. Austria undertakes to allow the free exportation of certain grains, legumes, potatoes, various seeds, cattle and other food animals, tartaric acid material, paper, and textile waste.

Each country also allows the importation, without restriction, of certain products from the other country. The Hungarian products admitted into Austria include various fruits, vegetables, and seeds, honey, beer, salami sausage, cotton, flax hemp, jute and silk yarns and manufacture thereof, woolen

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goods, felt hats, cement, electrical and other machinery and apparatus. The list of Austrian products admitted by Hungary contains, among others, beer, preserved fruits, coffee substitutes, iron wares, manufactures of alpaca and aluminum, vehicles, typewriters, varnishes, medicines, furniture, fancy leather and paper goods, manufactures of cotton, flax, hemp, jute, and silk, artificial flowers and lingerie.

Furthermore, the new agreement provides that transit traffic, with certain exceptions, is to be free of all customs In addition to the articles in duties and unnecessary delays. the contingent lists, there is to be, to the greatest possible extent, free import and export of partly finished articles for further manufacture.

On June 11 a law relative to mineral oils was enacted. According to this law, concessions are limited to 1,000,000 hectares each (1 hectare-2.47 2res), and 300,000 hectares are allowed for exploration. The terms of concessions are for 55 years, with a royalty of 11 per cent of the total production. The holders of the concessions are required to drill one well of 500 meters for each 50,000 hectares within five years after the granting of the concession. They are required also to drill one additional well three years after for each 10,000 hectares. The taxes upon privately held concessions start at 8 centavos for each hectare during the present year, and then are increased to 50 centavos for each hectare in eight years.

Law Regulating Sale of Drafts.

By Government decree of March 11, 1921, the decree of September 21, 1920, which relieved the exporters of minerals from the obligation of selling drafts on London to the Government equaling 10 per cent of the value of the minerals exported, was repealed. Under the present law 50 per cent of the drafts will be distributed between the Banco de la Nacion Boliviana, Banco Nacional Boliviana, and the Banco Mercantil in proportion to the capital of each. The remaining 50 per cent of the drafts are to be sold at public auction by the Government at the rate of exchange fixed by the Banco de la Nacion Boliviana on the day of the sale. The Government is to make no profit on the sale of drafts at public action. Any profit made from such a sale is to be distributed among the exporters who have sold drafts to the Government. The decree further provided that if the Government purchases the drafts to meet any of its fore'gn obligations it will be at one-eighth of a penny below the rate that may have been established by the Banco de la Nacion Boliviana. The foregoing decree is not applicable to exports of minerals made by way of the Amazon and Brazil.

Changes in Budget Law.

Among the changes in the budget law for 1921 which affect foreign interests, either directly or indirectly, are the taxes imposed on the transfer of bonds and other securities, business profits and dealings in futures. The test of these provision; is summarized below:

Article 1, section 38, raises the stamp tax to 1 per cent on the transfer of stocks and bonds and obligations and debentures of stock companies of limited liability. The official quotation of the stock market will be accepted for the value of the stocks and bonds and the nominal value for debentures and other obligations.

As to income tax, instead of the former flat 5 per cent

tax, dividends and other returns up to 12 per cent will be taxed 5 per cent and a tax of 6 per cent will be levied on those above 12 per cent, including the following classes: Dividents and all other returns from shares of companies, corporations or partnerships; the interest on shares of companies corporations or net profits of partnerships; the panies of limited liability, whether such companies, corporations, or partnerships have their headquarters in the country or abroad; the net profits of banking houses and of pawn to directors or shops; the gifts or bonuses presidents of companies, enterprises or corporations.

com

Section 46 provides a tax on net profits from commerce, as verified by the books and not included in the above, of 3 per cent on an amount up to 100,000 milreis; 4 per cent on amounts between 100,000 and 300,000 milreis; 5 per cent on amounts above 300,000 milreis up to 500,000; and 7 per cent on amounts greater than 500,000 milreis.

The basis for the collection of these taxes for the fiscal year 1921 shall include commercial transactions from the date of this law hereafter, even though such transactions may be in connection with commercial operations of the year 1920. Commercial establishments and industries whose annual profits do not exceed 10,000 milreis shall be exempt from this tax. According to section 47, the tax on dealings in futures will be paid half by the buyer and half by the seller. These amounts are determined at loo reis per sack on coffee, lo reis per kilo on cotton, and 50 reis per sack on sugar. BULGARIA.

Revocation of Prohibition for Transfer of Concession. A decree of the Council of Ministers of September 10, 1920, forbidding all transfer of ownership of required mining concessions, factories, mining claims, and all other rights acquired in accordance with the law for the encouragement of local industry, including tobacco, alcohol, distilleries, and breweries has now been revoked by decree 22 of this Council.

Decisions Regarding Foreign Insurance Companies. By a recent decision of the Council of Ministers it was declared that the Minister of Commerce, Industry, and Labor shall be authorized to enter into negotiations with foreign insurance companies which have insured Bulgarian subjects and persons living in Bulgaria and which may wish to discontinue such insurance in the future. These negotiations shall have as their object the taking over of the insurance policies of foreign companies in order to create a State insurance monopoly, or to turn the same over to Bulgarian insurance companies on conditions which fully safeguard the insured party as well as the interest of the country itself.

International Postal Rates.

The new international postal rates that went into effect on March 1, 1921, are fixed as follows: (1) For letters up to 20 grams, 1 lev 50 stotinki and for each additional unit of 20 grams or fraction thereof 75 stotinki. (2) Post cards, 1 lev. (3) Printed matter of all kinds, for each unit of 50 grams or fraction thereof, 30 stotinki. (4) Documents, for the first 50 grams, 1 lev 50 stotinki, and for each additional unit of 50 grams, 30 stotinki. (5) Samples, for the first 50 grams, 60 stotinki. (6) Registered mail, 1 lev 50 stotinki. (7) Return receipt, 1 lev 50 stotinki. CANADA.

Pure Food and Drugs.

By an Order in Council, the Governor General has deferred until January 1, 1922, the operation of the amendment of the pure food and drugs act, which provides that foods shall be deemed misbranded if, when in package form, sealed by the manufacturer or producer, they do not contain on the outside of the package the name and address of the manufacturer or producer and the correct particulars regarding the contents in terms of weight, measure, or number when the package and contents exceed 2 ounces.

COSTA RICA.

Resumption of Gold Payments.

A bill has been passed by the Congress stipulating that gold payments shall be resumed by private banks of emission on their currency in circulation. In September, 1917, all banks were relieved of the obligation to redeem currency in gold coin.

The new law also provides for the redemption and incineration of Government silver certificates issued prior to June 23, 1917, and now in circulation, and stipulates that they shall be received at the custom houses in payment of duties at the rate of 46.5 cents American gold money. These certificates will be valid only six months from April 1, 1921.

The currency issues of the Banco Internacional de Costa Rica the Government bank, are exempted from the gold-conversion clause. This currency is made legal tender for the payment of all obligations. DANZIG.

Free Sale of Lard.

The authorities, on February 10, 1921, removed all regulations concerning the official administration of domestic and imported lard.

Suspension of Tonnage Dues.

The following proclamation has been published by the President of the United States on May 6, 1921:

Whereas satisfactory proof has been given to me by the Government of the Republic of Poland that no discriminating duties of tonnage or imposts are levied or imposed in the waters of Poland or the Free City of Danzig upon vessels wholly belonging to citizens of the United States or upon the produce, manufactures, or merchandise imported in such vessels from the United States, or from any foreign country:

Now, therefore, I, Warren G. Harding, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by Section four thousand two hundred and twenty-eight of the Revised Statutes of the United States, do hereby declare and proclaim that the foreign discriminating duties of tonnage and imposts within the United States are suspended and discontinued so far as respects the vessels of Poland and the vessels of the Free City of Danzig, and the produce, manufactures, or merchandise imported in said vessels into the United States from Poland or the Free City of Danzig, or from any other foreign country, the suspension to take effect on and after the date of this Proclamation and to continue so long as the reciprocal exemption of vessels belonging to citizens of the United States, and their cargoes, shall be continued, and no longer. ECUADOR.

The management of the Suez Canal announces a reduction of 25 centimes in the canal tolls beginning October 1, 1921, after which date the tolls will be 8 francs per net ton on ships with cargo and 5 francs 50 centimes on ships in ballast.

Direct Parcel-Post Service with the United States. A direct, sealed parcel-post service has been inaugurated between the United States and Egypt, according to a recent announcement by the Egyptian Postal Administration. Under the new arrangement the mails are closed in Egypt or the United States, as the case may be, and are simply reshipped, via London, by the British service without being opened before the final destination is reached. As a result of the new system, parcels originating in Egypt for the United States are from 20 to 25 days in transit instead of 30 to 45.

ESTHONIA.

Postal and Telegraph Convention With Russia. See "Russia" below.

FINLAND.

Changes in Patent Law.

Finland's patent law of January 21, 1898, has recently been amended in certain important respects. Under the amended law a patent is granted for 15 years and the patentee has a right to apply for a supplementary patent. The patentee pays an annual fee amounting to 30 marks for the first year and gradually increasing up to 300 marks for the last two years. If the patented article does not come into general use in Finland but attains popularity abroad, the patentee must make provisions for its sale

in Finland at a reasonable price. If he neglects to do this the court may annul the patent, but not before the expiration of three years from the date of issuance and only in case the patentee fails to show a satisfactory reason for his neglect. FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA.

Regulations for Petroleum Concessions.

A decree dated March 5, 1921, published in "Le Journal Officiel" of March 8, regulates the granting and operation of petroleum concessions in French Equatorial Africa and in French Kamerun.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Parcel Post Regulations.

Announcement was made on March 22, 1921, by the Postmaster General that it has recently been found necessary to restrict the value of any single parcel of jewelry sent by the foreign and colonial parcel post to the maximum amount for which a parcel can be insured with the post office in the service to the country concerned: if there is no post-office insurance system, the maximum value is fixed at 400. The limit of insured value for India is 120 per parcel. This restriction is necessitated by the occurrence of a number of thefts of parcels of jewelry of high value from foreign mails. The parcel post is not intended for or adapted to the carriage of parcels of very high value, for which proper safeguards can not be provided except at a cost not warranted by the low rates charged for post-office parcels.

New Postal Rates.

The Postmaster General announced on May 24 that, commencing on June 13, the following increases of postal charges would come into operation:

Letters. Foreign rate raised for 2 d. to 3d. per ounce, but for the dominions and the United States no change will be made from the present 2d. for one ounce although for each additional ounce the rate will be 11⁄2d. instead of Id.

Registered letters.-For both inland and foreign letters the charge for registration will be raised to 3d. as against the present 2d.

Printed papers. At present the minimum inland rate is 1⁄2d. for 1 ounce; on June 13 the minimum charge will be id. but 2 ounces may be sent therefore. The foreign rate for 2 ounces will be raised from d. to Id.

Commercial papers.-Foreign minimum rate will be raised from 2d. to 3d. and a charge made of Id per 2 ounces instead of d.

Samples-Foreign minimum rate doubled from 1d. to 2d. and charge for 2 ounces as in the case of commercial papers. Postcards.-Rate to be increased to 11⁄2d., for both inland and

foreign.

GREECE.

New Cable Rates.

A new schedule of cable rates has been published by the Government. These rates range from 0.24% drachma for mesages to Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro to 6.20 drachmas for messages to Mesopotamia and 8.34 drachmas to Japan. Rates to California are 4.94 drachmas, to New York 3.64 drachmas, to Pennsylvania 4.04 drachmas, and to Chicago 4.24 drachmas.

New Patent Law.

A new patent law has been recently pasesd in Greece.

Currant Retention Tax.

The retention in kind of currants is fixed at 18 per cent for a total crop of between 120,000 and 130,000 tons. GUADELOUPE.

Identification Cards for Commercial Travelers. The French law of October 8, 1919 which states that commercial travelers doing business in French territory shall be provided with identification cards, is applicable not only to France, but her colonies as well. By a decree of the Guadeloupe Government, May 8, 1920, this law was formally applied to this colony. These cards should be secured by commercial travelers from a French consul and certified by him before the salesman leaves for a French colony. HOLLAND.

Control of Breadstuffs Ended.

Announcement is made by the Minister of Agriculture and Industry that Government control of breadstuffs will end by May 1, 1921.

HUNGARY.

Commercial Agreements with Austria and Poland. See "Austria" above and "Poland" below.