examples-The Shays rebellion-Arguments of those who favor NO. VII. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED. Causes for dissensions among States if disunited enumerated. NO. VIII. THE CONSEQUENCES OF HOSTILITIES BETWEEN First, destruction of life and property; then, standing armies, ex- tension of executive power, the rise of the military over the civil power-Objections to the Union on this score answered-Army not dangerous to liberty, if there is a Union-Examples of Greece and Danger of these troubles in republics, and the argument thus afforded to the advocates of despotisms-The advantage of a Confed- eracy-Historical examples-Montesquieu's views-Distinction be- tween confederation and consolidation-Nature of a confederacy- The proposed Constitution a confederate-republican form - The No. XI. THE UTILITY OF THE UNION IN RESPECT TO COM- No. X. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Danger of faction in the United States as elsewhere-Nature of a faction-Modes of avoiding this danger-Superiority of a representa- tive government to a democracy in preventing factions-The advan- Foreign nations jealous of our commerce-Need of uniformity of action-Respect commanded by a navy-Effects of disunion on com- merce-On the fisheries-On the navigation of the Western lakes and the Mississippi river-Jealousy of Spain-Advantages of a navy- Internal commerce-Europe not superior to America. No. XII. THE UTILITY OF THE UNION IN RESPECT TO Commerce the best source of wealth, and increases the ability to No. XIII.-ADVANTAGE OF THE UNION IN RESPECT TO One civil list instead of many-Small confederacies will be formed, each as expensive as the single Confederacy proposed-Reasons for Distinction between a republic and a democracy-Errors as to No. XV. THE INSUFFICIENCY OF THE PRESENT CONFED- Evil results of the present Confederation-Analysis of the defects No. XVI. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Experience of other confederacies - The present Confederation leads to domestic war, foreign influence, national ruin, and military despotism-Union cannot so exist-Efficient government must reach The objection that the reserved rights of the States will be invaded -The real danger the other way-Federal governments tend to anarchy, not tyranny-The States will have a superior influence- No. XXI.-OTHER DEFECTS OF THE PRESENT CONFEDERA- No sanction to its laws, no power to exact obedience, no power to No. XXII.-THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED No power to regulate commerce-Evils of this lack of power- Raising troops by quota-Evils of such a system―The evils and The objects of the federal government-The common defence of Objection as to standing army answered-These powers given to No. XXV.-THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Objection that States can provide for common defence answered— The common defence cannot be entrusted to the separate States be- cause it would be oppressive to some States, might become dangerous to all, would create jealousies between the States, and might imperil the authority of the Union-Provisions of the Confederation in this respect-A mistake to restrain the discretion of Congress in keeping or raising armies-Disadvantages of militia-Standing armies some- times necessary when there is no foreign war-Example of Pennsyl- vania and Massachusetts-Dangerous to restrain too much the fed- Its origin Not in favor here-The exclusion of military establish- No. XXVII.—THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED The objection that the new government will require the military force to administer its laws considered-The national government No. XXVIII.—THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED. Cases in which the federal government must use force-Equally necessary in plan of opposition-Employment of force controlled by Congress-If Congress prove unfaithful there is the original right of self-defence-The States' security against Federal usurpation-Fur- ther security in the extent of territory and the limited resources of the No. XXIX.-Concerning the Militia Regulation of militia must be confided to federal government to secure uniformity of organization and discipline-Objections that Such power necessary to every constitution-Evil effects of want of No. XXXI.-THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED The importance of first principles-In morals and politics-Rea- No. XXXII. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED 185 Objection that the general power of taxation would interfere with No. XXXIII. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED . Objections to incidental powers of taxation considered-These . PAGE 180 No. XXXIV. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED 194 Concurrent authority concerning taxation the only alternative to Reasons for not restricting federal government in the matter of No. XXXVI.-THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Representation further considered with reference to taxation-The 189 200 207 |