bills is vested, 462; provision of her
constitution, prohibiting any person
more than sixty years old from
being a judge, 493.

North Carolina: Revolt of a part of,
32; provision in her constitution,
concerning a separation of the legis-
lative, executive, and judiciary
powers, 306.
Numa, 223.

Pennsylvania: Disturbances in, 34
constitution on standing army, 142;
concerning the separation of the
legislative, executive, and judiciary
powers, 305, 311; number of rep-
resentatives in the more numerous
branch of her legislature, 346; pro-
vision concerning impeachments,
414. note; proposition from the mi-
nority of, concerning jury trial, 525.
Pericles: Examples of the injury re-
sulting to his country from his per-
sonal motives of action, 27.
Poland: Her government, 113, 233;
an evil of the Polish Diet, 469.
Political Economy: There is no com-
mon measure of national wealth,
and why, 123.
Pompadour, Madame de, 28.
Post-Roads: Provision of the Consti-
tution concerning them, 266.
President of the United States: Ex-
aggeration noticed of the authority
vested in him by the Constitution,
234; the power of filling casual va-
cancies in the Senate falsely as-
cribed to him, 421; why the power
of filling, during the recess of the
Senate, vacancies in federal offices,
is confided to him, 422; peculiar
eligibility of the mode provided for
his appointment, 423 et seq.; why
the office of President will seldom
fall to the lot of any man not quali-
fied in any degree to fill it, 426;
his constitution compared with that
of the king of Great Britain and
with that of the governor of New
York. 428; his qualified negative
on bills, 429 et seq.; a shield to the
Executive, 458; an additional se-
curity against the enacting of im-
proper laws, 459; the power likely
to be exercised only with great cau-
tion, 459; practice in Great Britain,
459 cases for which, chiefly, it

was designed, 460; where vested
by the constitution of New York,
462; refutation of the doctrine that
a vigorous Executive is inconsistent
with the genius of a republican
government, 436: the unity of the
Executive defended, 437; objections
to a plural Executive, 438; objec-
tions to an executive council, 438,
445; the responsibility of the Presi-
dent necessary, 444; the term of
four years for his office defended,
448 et seq.; his reëligibility de-
fended, 451 et seq.; danger of in-
stability in the system of adminis-
tration, 453; danger, particularly,
from frequent periodical changes
of subordinate officers, 454; fallacy
of the advantages expected to arise
from ineligibility for reëlection,
454; the provision in the Con-
stitution for the compensation of
the President, 456; his power as
commander-in-chief of the army
and navy, 462; his power of requir-
ing the opinions in writing of the
heads of the executive departments,
463; his power of pardoning, 463;
answer to the objection against his
having the sole power of pardon in
cases of treason, 464; his power in
relation to treaties, 465 et seq.; his
power in regard to the appointment
of federal officers, 471; less apt
than a numerous assembly of men
to consult personal or party feelings
in appointments, 472; the coöper-
ation of the Senate, a check on a
spirit of favoritism in the President,
474; his power in regard to the
removal of officers, 478; the consti-
tution of the President combines
the requisites to public safety, 481.
Press The liberty of the, 537; tax
on newspapers in Great Britain,
538, note.

Public Acts: Records, etc., provision
of the Constitution concerning them,
266.

Public Debt: Would be a cause of
collision between the separate States
or Confederacies, 37; obligation of
the federal government concerning
public debts, prior to the adoption
of the Constitution, 274.
Public Lands: A fruitful source of
controversy, 33, 35.

Removals of federal officers (see
President").

Representation: The principle of it,
said to be an invention of modern
Europe, 78, 329. 395; idea of an
actual representation of all classes
of the people by persons of each
class, visionary, 204; distinction be-
tween the principle of representa-
tion among the ancients, and in the
United States, 397.

Republic: Defined, 57 (see "Confed-
erate Republic "); its advantages,
109 et seq.; error of the opinion
that it is unsuitable to a large
district of country, 77; natural
limits of one, 78; one of its weak
sides, the inlets which it affords to
foreign corruption, 131; defined or
described, 232; inapplicability of
the title to certain governments
which have received it, 232; obliga-
tion of the federal government to
guarantee to every State a republi-
can form of government, 270.
Rhode Island: Provision in her con-
stitution, concerning elections, 333;
number of representatives in the
more numerous branch of her legis-
lature, 346; iniquitous measures of,
392.

Rome: Senate of, 394; tribunes of,
399; evils arising from her having
plural consuls and tribunes, 438,
469.

Romulus, 223.

Rutherford, Dr. Thomas, cited, 541,
note.

Senate (see "Elections," "Judi-
ciary"): Will generally be com-
posed with peculiar care and judg-
ment, and why? 160; its con-
stitution, 384 et seq.; qualifications
of senators, 384: appointment of
senators by the State legislatures,
385 equality of representations
in the Senate, 385; Number of
senators and duration of their
appointment, 387; its power in
regard to making treaties, 400,
403; provision for the biennial
succession of one third of new sena-
tors, 402; viewed as a court of im-
peachment, 407; the objection
which would substitute the propor-
tion of two thirds of all the mem-

bers composing the Senate, to that
of two thirds of the members present
considered, 470; its cooperation
with the President in appointments,
a check on favoritism, 472 et seq.;
answer to the objection that the
President, by the influence of the
power of nomination, may secure
the complaisance of the Senate to
his views, 475, 476; its consent
would be necessary to displace as
well as to appoint officers, 476.
Servius Tullius, 223.

Shays Rebellion, 28.
Ship-Building: The wood of the
Southern States preferable for it,
65.

Slaves: The importation of them after
the year 1808 prohibited, 261;
possess the mixed character of per-
sons and property, 340; defence of
the provision of the Constitution
combining them with free citizens
as a ratio of taxation, 340 et seq.
Socrates, 347.

Solon, 223.

South Carolina: Provision in her
constitution, concerning the separa-
tion of the legislative, executive,
and judiciary powers, 306; provi-
sion concerning elections, 333;
number of representatives in the
more numerous branch of her legis-
lature, 346; provision concerning
impeachments, 414, note.

Sparta: Her Senate, 394; her Ephori,
396, 399.

Standing Armies (see "Constitution"):

One advantage of them in Europe,
40; would be an inevitable result
of the dissolution of the Confeder-
acy, 41; their fatal effects on lib-
erty, 41-see p. 250; why they
did not spring up in the Grecian
republics, 42; nor to any consider-
able extent in Great Britain, 44.
251; wisdom of the provision of
the federal Constitution in this
particular, 142, 146, 156; why it is
better for an army to be in the
hands of the federal government
than of the State governments, 147.
148; silence in regard to them in
the constitutions of all the States
except two, 142, 143, 151, 153;
provision concerning them, in the
English Bill of Rights framed at

the Revolution in 1688, 154; high-
est proportion of a standing army
to the population of a country, 297.
States (see "Constitution,"
Taxa-
tion," "Union"): Advantages of
an unrestrained intercourse between
them, 66; the consequences of the
doctrine that the interposition of the
States ought to be required to give
effect to a measure of the Union,
90, 95; easier for the State govern-
ment to encroach on the national
government than for the latter to
encroach on the former, 98, 184,
294; the State governments will
in all possible contingencies afford
complete security against all inva-
sions of public liberty by the national
authority, 164, 296, 307; power of
Congress to admit new States into
the Union, 269; obligation of Con-
gress to guarantee a republican form
of government to every State, 270
et seq.; provision of the Constitu-
tion, concerning its ratification by
nine States, 275; why the State
magistracy should be bound to sup-
port the federal Constitution, 284;
discussion of the supposed danger
from the powers of the Union to
the State governments, 285 et seq.;
examination of the comparative
means of influence of the federal
and State governments, 290, 292;
provisions in the constitutions of
the several States, concerning the
separation of the legislative, execu-
tive, and judiciary powers, 303 et
seq., 308 provisions, etc., con-
cerning elections, 331, 368; pro-
visions, etc., concerning the size of
electoral districts, 345; as fair to
presume abuses of power by the
State governments as by the federal
government, 361; 'portion of
Sovereignty remaining in the indi-
vidual States," recognized by the
Constitution, 386; provisions of the
constitutions of the several States
concerning impeachments, 414,
note; New York and New Jersey
the only States which have entrust-
ed the executive authority wholly
to single men, 438; difference be-
tween the limits of the jury trial in
the different States, 523.
Sweden: Corruption the cause of the

sudden despotism of Gustavus III.,
132.

Swiss Cantons: Their government,
113, 272.

Taxes: Indirect taxes the most ex-
pedient source of revenue in the
United States, 69, 124; suggestion
of a tax on ardent spirits, 72; Taxa-
tion, 174 et seq.; incompetency of
the Turkish sovereign to impose a
new tax, 175; intention and practi-
cal defects of the old Confederation
in regard to taxation, 175; distinc-
tion between internal and external
taxes, 176; inadequacy of requi-
sitions on the States, 177; ad-
vantages of vesting the power of
taxation in the federal govern-
ment, as it regards borrowing, 179;
positions manifesting the necessity
of so vesting the power, 181; objec-
tions, 183; danger of so vesting the
power denied, 185; except as to im-
ports and exports, the United States
and the several States have con-
current powers of taxation, 187;
no repugnancy between those con-
current powers, 188; the neces-
sity of them, 189 et seq.; dangers of
restricting the federal power to lay-
ing duties on imports, 200; effect
of exorbitant duties, 201; answer
to objections to the power of inter-
nal taxation in the federal govern-
ment, derived from the alleged want
of a sufficient knowledge of local
circumstances, and from a supposed
interference between the revenue
laws of the Union and those of the
particular States, 208; suggestion
of double taxation answered, 213;
evils of poll taxes admitted, but the
propriety of vesting in the federal
government the power of imposing
them asserted, 213; provision of
the Constitution, concerning taxa-
tion, 280.

Theseus, 223.

Titles of Nobility: The prohibition
of them the corner-stone of repub-
lican government, 279

Treason: Power under the Constitu-
tion, concerning it, 269; why the
power of pardoning in cases of
treason is properly vested in the
President solely, 463, 464.

Treaties Power under the Constitution, concerning them, 277; why they ought to be the supreme law of the land, 403; power of the President in regard to them, 403, 466, 470; why the House of Representatives ought to have no power in forming them, 468; why two thirds of the senators present are preferable to two thirds of the whole Senate as a coördinate power with the President, in regard to treaties, 469.

Tullius Hostilius, 223.

Union (see Confederacies," "Constitution"): Its importance, 6; its capacity to call into service the best talents of the country, 10; a bulwark against foreign force and influence, its capacity to prevent wars, 13, 17, 22; a safeguard against domestic insurrections and wars, 26, 39, 45, 60; a safeguard against standing armies as consequent on domestic insurrections and wars, 38, 43; its utility in respect to commerce and a navy, 60, 67; its utility in respect to revenue, 67, 76; principal purposes to be answered by it, 136; if found

ed on considerations of public happiness, the sovereignty of the States, if irreconcilable to it, should be sacrificed, 285.

United Netherlands, 115.

United States: Their actual dimensions, 78.

Venice: Not a republic, 233.
Vice-President, 427.

Virginia (see "Jefferson, Thomas "): Provision in her constitution, concerning the separation of the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers, 306, 310; was the colony which stood first in resisting the parliamentary usurpations of Great Britain, 331; was the first to espouse by a public act the resolution of independence, 332; elections under her former government, 332.

West India Trade, 62.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 28.
Wyoming, Lands of: Dispute between
Connecticut and Pennsylvania con-
cerning them, 34.

Yates, Abraham, 462.

Zaleucus, 223.