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Summary

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there was no longer any necessity of dealing gently with the Swedish intruders; the Swedish colonists were conquered by Stuyvesant, and their territory again added to New Netherland (1656).

77. Summary. — In 1660 the Puritan supremacy sud- The colonies denly came to an end: Charles the Second was restored to in 1660. the throne occupied by his father, and a new page was opened in the history of England and of America. After the sixty years of colonizing activity described in this chapter, there were in North America the French settlers in the north, few in point of numbers but formidable on account of their organization and because of their influence with the natives excepting the members of the League of the Iroquois. In the south, the Spaniards still maintained a feeble colony in Florida, at St. Augustine, and there were a few Spaniards in the southwest. On the seaboard of what is now the Middle States the Dutch were supreme. Between the Spaniards and the Dutch, and between the Dutch and the French, were English colonists. They occupied no great extent of territory, but they were more permanently fixed to the soil than were the French, the Dutch, or the Spaniards. They had established English home life and English institutions in their wilderness homes; and they were practically self-governing.

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS AND TOPICS

$35. FRENCH COLONIZATION

a. Give a brief sketch of the career of Henry IV of France. b. What further facts can you ascertain about Champlain ?

8 36. REVIVAL OF ENGLISH ENTERPRISE

a. Give a brief sketch of the reigns of the Tudors.

b. Have the voyages of Gosnold, Pring, and Weymouth any real importance in American history? Why?

$$ 37-46. VIRGINIA

a. Give a connected account of the Plymouth Company; of the London Company.

b. Place as headings in note-book, "Slavery," "Representative Institutions," "Limited Power of Congress," and enter under them all fitting matter as you proceed.

c. Make a brief digest of English history, 1600-60, and place in parallel columns leading events in American history.

d. Compare conduct of Virginia and of Massachusetts during Puritan supremacy. Give causes of difference.

$$ 47-50. MARYLAND

a. What events of vital importance in American history are connected with Maryland's western and southern boundaries?

b. What matter in these sections must you enter in your note-book under "Representative Institutions"? What under "Power of Congress"?

c. In Congress where does the right of initiative belong? Where in the legislature of your own state? Where in the British Parliament? d. Does the word " toleration" prove that absolute religious freedom did not exist? Give your reasons.

$$ 51-57. PURITANS AND PILGRIMS

a. Puritans, Nonconformists, and Separatists: carefully define and explain.

b. What is a "pure democracy"? Does any such exist at the present time?

c. The "Pilgrim Compact"; its formation and provisions.

d. Trace at length the history of Plymouth to 1643.

§§ 58-63. MASSACHUSETTS BAY

a. Describe the struggle between the aristocratic and the democratic elements in Massachusetts.

b. Was John Cotton's declaration identical with the principle embodied in the present Civil Service Law? Give your reasons.

c. What in these sections will you note under " Institutions"?

"Representative

d. Do you blame the Massachusetts authorities for expelling Roger Williams or Mrs. Hutchinson? Were the two cases parallel?

§§ 64-66. RHODE ISLAND

a. Roger Williams's place in history. Turn to passages in the Constitution which relate to this matter. How is it arranged in the constitution of your state?

b. Give Roger Williams's explanation of "liberty of conscience"; of civil liberty.

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a. What spirit prompted the settlement of Connecticut? of New Haven?

b. Why did not Massachusetts need to draw up a written constitution?

c. Compare carefully the reason for the founding of Massachusetts, of the first Connecticut towns, of New Haven. What essential differences can you discern? What common elements?

§ 71. THE BODY OF LIBERTIES

a. Were the English people accustomed to a written code of law? b. Look up some brief analysis of Magna Charta (e.g. TaswellLangmead), and compare it with the Body of Liberties.

c. Turn to Constitution and find passages which relate to matters in sections of the Body of Liberties noted on margin of p. 79. Do the same with the constitution of your state.

S$ 72, 73. THE UNITED COLONIES OF NEW ENGLAND

a. Were taxation and representation on the same basis in the New England confederation?

b. Place in note-book as headings: "Nullification," " Fugitive Slave Laws," "Colonial Denials of Supremacy of Parliament," and enter all fitting matter as you proceed.

§§ 74-76. THE DUTCH AND THE SWEDES

a. Give a brief sketch of history of Holland to 1648, and add a briefer sketch of the Thirty Years' War.

b. Consider at length how the fortunes of the world might have been changed had Champlain treated the Iroquois kindly.

c. Do we owe any distinctive elements of our national progress to the Dutch settlers? Prove your statement.

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

a. Represent in colors upon an Outline Map (1) the details of the Virginia charters (1606, 1609); (2) the boundaries of Maryland (1632); (3) the boundaries of New England (1620).

b. Represent in colors upon an Outline Map the boundaries of the New England colonies; Massachusetts (1629); New Netherland (1660).

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c. Make any necessary changes in the map of your own state.

GENERAL QUESTIONS

a. What matter in this chapter must you enter in note-book under

Representative Institutions" ? What under "Power of Congress"?

b. Pick out all statements in this chapter which illustrate the character and the spirit of the colonists of Virginia, of Maryland, of Plymouth, of Massachusetts, of Rhode Island, of Connecticut, of New Haven, and of New Netherland. Put them side by side and state the results of your comparison.

c. How many examples of federation does this chapter afford? State and compare.

d. Give a bird's-eye view of the colonies in 1660.

e. Make list of principal men in chapter, with dates; state under each man's name what he did.

f. Make a brief conspectus of all charters, showing (1) to whom granted, (2) purpose of grantee, (3) extent of land granted, (4) where governing power resided, (5) fortunes of charter.

TOPICS FOR INVESTIGATION BY INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS

See directions under this head on p. 48.

a. The founding of Jamestown (53, last group except Winsor, and top 54).

b. The first American Assembly (56, last group).

c. Why did the Pilgrims come to America (65, first group)?

d. The Pilgrims, November-December, 1620 (65, last group, and

67, last one of second group).

e. The trial of Mrs. Hutchinson (76, first group).

f. The voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609 (82, first group).

CHAPTER III

A CENTURY OF COLONIAL HISTORY, 1660-1760

Books for Consultation

General Readings. — Higginson's Larger History, 169–191, 203– 223; Thwaites's Colonies, 50-61, 76–81, 196, 220; Hart's Formation of the Union, 2-41; Fisher's Colonial Era; Sloane's French War and the Revolution; Lodge's English Colonies; Hinsdale's Old Northwest, chs. iii and iv; Fiske's Civil Government, 152-158.

Special Accounts. - Gay's Bryant's Popular History; *Winsor's America, Memorial History of Boston and Cartier to Frontenac; *Hildreth's United States; the state histories mentioned on page 49 and Egle's Illustrated History of Pennsylvania; *Jones's Georgia; Wilson's Memorial History of New York (city); *Janney's Life of Penn ; Larned's History for Ready Reference. On French exploration and colonization: Parkman's Jesuits, Pioneers, and La Salle; Bourinot's Canada; Maurice Thompson's Story of Louisiana; Grace King's New Orleans. For the expulsion of the French, see: Parkman's Half Century of Conflict, Montcalm and Wolfe, and Conspiracy of Pontiac; Irving's Life of Washington (abridged ed.); *Dunn's Indiana; *Hibberd's Wisconsin.

Sources. Chandler's Criminal Trials; Hutchinson's Massachusetts; Washington's Autobiography; Franklin's Autobiography; American History Leaflets; Old South Leaflets; Stedman and Hutchinson's Library of American Literature; *Hart's Contemporaries.

Maps. Hart's Epoch Maps, Nos. 3, 4; Mac Coun's Historical Geography; Winsor's America and Mississippi Basin.

Bibliography. Channing and Hart, Guide to American History, § 56 b (General Readings); §§ 102, 103, 105–108, 125–132 (Topics and References); § 23 (State and Local Histories); § 25 (Biographies); § 29 (Colonial Records); §§ 32, 33 (Writings and Autobiographies of Statesmen).

Illustrative Material. -*Wendell's Cotton Mather (M. A.); Mason's Robert Cavelier (M. A.); Page's Thomas Nelson (M. A.); *Hallowell's Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts; Irving's Washington;

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