120 ft. wide and paved with asphalt, is one of the handsomest business-thoroughfares in America; *Green Street, with a fine double avenue of trees, is the most beautiful residence-street. In Broad St. is a handsome Confederate War Monument. Among the chief buildings are the City Hall and the Exchange. In 1892 a movement was started to erect a statue of Eli Whitney, who invented and perfected the cotton-gin in Georgia, in 1792.

On the hills 3 M. to the W. of Augusta (electric tramway) lies Summerville (2276 inhab.), with a U. S. Arsenal and the Bon Air Hotel (see p. 350). Schultz's Hill, at Hamburg (see p. 350), and the Fair Grounds are favourite resorts.

Beyond Augusta the train runs to the S., soon leaving the river. At (526 M.) Millen (160 ft.) the railway forks, the right branch leading to Macon (p. 342). The left branch runs near the left bank of the Ogeechee. At (593 M.) Bloomingdale it turns to the left (S.E.) and soon reaches (605 M.) Savannah.

Savannah. Hotels. De Soto (Pl. a; B, 3), Madison Sq., a large and handsome house, $ 3-5; Pulaski (Pl. b; B, 1), Screven (Pl. c; B, 2), Johnson Sq., $3-4; Marshall (Pl. d; C, 2), Broughton St., R. from $1; Harnett (Pl. e; B, 1), Market Sq., $2-21/2.

Railway Stations. Savannah, Florida, & Western, and Charleston & Savannah R. R. (Atlantic Coast Line), cor. E. Broad and Liberty Sts. (Pl. D, 3); Central R. R. of Georgia, cor. W. Broad and Liberty Sts. (Pl. A, 3). Stations of suburban lines, see p. 352. Tramways traverse the chief streets (5c.).· Steamers ply from the wharves on the Savannah, N. side of the city, to New York (55-60 hrs.; $20), Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, Charleston, Florida, etc.

POST OFFICE (Pl. C, 1), Bay & Drayton Sts. SAVANNAH THEATRE (Pl. B, C, 3), Chippewa Sq. (the oldest theatre in the United States; 1818). BRITISH VICE-CONSUL, Mr. Walter Robertson, 891/2 Bay St.

Savannah ('Forest City'), the second city and chief commercial centre of Georgia, lies on the S. bank of the river of the same name, on a bluff 40 ft. above the level of the river and 18 M. from its mouth. It is well built and regularly laid out, and the beautiful semi-tropical vegetation of its numerous parks and squares makes a very pleasing impression. Bay Street is the chief thoroughfare for wholesale business, while Congress Street and Broughton Street contain the best shops. Bull Street is the most fashionable promenade. Pop. (1890) 43,189.

Savannah was settled in 1733 by Gen. Oglethorpe, the founder of the youngest of the 13 original states, and owes much of its present beauty to the foresight of the plan he laid out. His object was to provide an asylum for the poor of England and the Protestants of all nations. John and Charles Wesley visited the settlement in 1736, and George Whitefield reached it in 1737. In the early troubles between the British and Spanish colonists Oglethorpe and his settlers played a prominent part, penetrating to the walls of St. Augustine (p. 357). In 1778 Savannah was captured by the British, who repulsed a Franco - American attempt to retake it the following year. The port of Savannah was closed to commerce by the Federal fleet from 1861 to 1865, and Sherman occupied the city in Dec. 1864, at the end of his triumphant 'March through Georgia' (comp. p. 336). Since the war its progress has been rapid. Savannah contained 5195 inhab. in 1810; 15,312 in 1850; and 30,681 in 1880. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean started from Savannah in 1819.

Savannah's export-trade is very extensive, the chief articles being cotton (second to New Orleans alone), timber, rice, and naval stores. Its manu

factures (value $ 4,500,000 in 1890) include railway-cars, fertilizers, flour, and iron. A visit should be paid to one of the Rice Mills (River St.), and one of the Cotton Compresses (at the wharves).

The visitor may begin with a glance at the warehouses and wharves at the foot, and at the busy traffic of Bay St. (Pl. A-C, 1) on the top, of the bluffs overhanging the river. Among the buildings in this part of the city are the City Exchange or City Hall (Pl. B, 1; *View from tower), Custom House (Pl. B, 1), and Post Office (Pl. C, 1). We then follow *BULL STREET (p. 351) towards the S., crossing JOHNSON SQUARE (Pl. B, 1, 2), with a Monument to Gen. Greene, erected in 1829. In the building at the N.E. corner of Bull St. and Broughton St. the Ordinance of Secession was passed on Jan. 21st, 1861. IN WRIGHT SQUARE (Pl. B, C, 2) is the handsome County Court House, built in 1889-91.

A little to the W. of this point, in Telfair Place, is the *Telfair Academy (Pl. A, B, 2; adm. 10-5, Sun. 1-5; 25 c.), which is well worth a visit (Director, Carl L. Brandt). It contains a collection of casts (incl. the 'Farnese Bull'), a selection of paintings, and various objects of art and historical interest. Among the paintings are good works by Kaulbach, Julian Story, Dücker, Szymanowski, J. von Brandt, and C. L. Brandt (Albrecht Dürer in his studio, Head of Christ). The picture-gallery is adorned with mural paintings by Schraudolph and panels by C. L. Brandt.

At opposite corners of S. Broad Street are the Independent Presbyterian Church (Pl. B, 3) and the Chatham Academy (Pl. B, 3).

In S. Broad St., a little to the E., is the interesting Old Burying Ground (Pl. C, 3).

We then cross Chippewa Square (Pl. B, 3) and reach Liberty Street, in which, a little to the E., are the *Roman Catholic Cathedral and the Convent of St. Vincent de Paul (Pl. C, 3). In Madison Square (Pl. B, 3, 4) is the Jasper Monument (comp. p. 348), erected in 1879 in honour of Sergeant Jasper, who was killed at Savannah in 1779. The Green House, at the N. W. corner of the square, was the headquarters of Gen. Sherman (p. 350). Monterey Square (Pl. B, 4) contains the Pulaski Monument, in memory of Count Pulaski, who fell at the siege of Savannah in 1779 (see p. 351).

We now reach the beautiful *Forsyth Park (Pl. B, 4, 5), with its pines, roses, coleas, palmettoes, oleanders, jasmines, cacti, magnolias, etc. In the centre is a fountain. The Parade Ground (Pl. B, 5, 6), forming an extension of the park towards the S., contains a fine Confederate War Monument (Pl. B, 5). At the S. end of the Parade Ground is the Telfair Hospital (Pl. B, C, 6). At the corner of Whitaker and Gaston Sts., adjoining Forsyth Park on the W., is Hodgson Hall (Pl. B, 4), with the library and collections of the Georgia Historical Society. The First African Baptist Church (Pl. A, 1, 2), Franklin Square, has 5000 communicants.

ENVIRONS. Bonaventure Cemetery, 4 M. to the S., reached by the Coast Line R. R. (station at the cor. of Bolton St. and E. Broad St., Pl. D, 3) or by the Thunderbolt Shell Road, is famous for its avenues of liveoaks, draped with Spanish moss. Thunderbolt, on the Thunderbolt River, 1 M. farther on, is a favourite resort. Another fine shell-road leads W. to (9 M.) White Bluff. The City and Suburban Railway (cor. Whitaker

and 2nd St.), runs to (6 M.) Isle of Hope, on the Skidaway River, and (9 M.) Montgomery (return-ticket 50 c.), on the Vernon River, two pretty suburban resorts. Near the latter is Beaulieu. At (8 M.) Bethesda, on this line, is a large orphanage, established by George Whitefield in 1740. At the mouth of the Savannah River lies (18 M.) Tybee Beach (Hotel Tybee, $3-4), one of the most popular sea-bathing resorts of the S. (reached by Sav. & Atlantic R. R., from cor. of Randolph and President Sts.; return-ticket 50 c.). It has a fine beach. Adjacent, on Cockspur Island, is Fort Pulaski, which has been greatly strengthened since its capture by the Unionists in 1862. A steamer plies twice weekly from Savannah to Fernandina (p. 355), calling at Brunswick (p. 312) and at several points on the Sea Islands, on which large quantities of 'Sea Island' cotton used to be grown. They are covered with palmettoes and live-oaks.

75. From New York to Florida.

a. Viâ Atlantic Coast Line.

RAILWAY to (1034 M.) Jacksonville in 36 hrs. (fare $ 29.15; sleeper $ 6.50); to (1071 M.) St. Augustine in 39 hrs. (fare $ 30.65; sleeper $7); to (1274 M.) Tampa in 45 hrs. (fare $36.95; sleeper $8.50). The vestibuled throughtrain (similar to that described at p. 276) leaves New York at 12.15 a.m., but passengers may occupy their berths at 10 p.m. This is the most direct route from New York to Florida.

Florida, occupying the peninsula in the extreme S.E. corner of the United States, was the first portion of North America colonized by Europeans (comp. p. 356) and was named by its Spanish discoverers (1512) because first seen on Easter Sunday (Pascua Florida'). Its mild and equable winter climate has made it a favourite resort of invalids and others who wish to escape the rigours of the North, while the beauties of its luxuriant semi-tropical vegetation and its excellent opportunities for shooting and fishing are additional attractions. The game on land includes deer, bears, pumas (Felis concolor), wild-cats, wild turkeys, and numerous other birds, while the fishing for tarpon' (Megalops thrissoides), the largest and gamiest of game-fish (sometimes 200lbs. in weight), has its headquarters in this state (comp. pp. 362, 363). The orange is believed to have been introduced by the Spaniards, and about 312 million boxes (ca. 175 to a box)

are

now annually produced. Tobacco, cotton (including the valuable 'sea-island cotton), rice, maize, oats, and sugar-cane are also grown, and extensive and valuable beds of phosphates have recently been discovered. Sponge and turtle fishing are other sources of wealth. The S. portion of the state is occupied by the Everglades, which may be described as a huge swamp, 8000 sq. M. in extent, covered with clear water and abounding in fish. A remnant of the Seminole Indians still linger here, but the district is without the pale of the ordinary tourist.

"The peninsula of Florida affords the most distinct field, in a physiographic sense, of any part of N. America. Including the N. portion of the State, it has a length of about 600 M., an average width of near 100 M., and a total area greater than that of New York, and nearly as great as that of New England. In all this great realm the maximum height above the level of the sea does not exceed about 400 ft. The whole of the soil is composed of materials recently brought together on the sea floor. About one fourth of the soil area is limy, due to the coral rock which underlies it. The remainder is nearly pure sand of a rather infertile nature. All the soil owes its value in the main to the admirable climate which the region enjoys ('Nature and Man in America', by N. S. Shaler).

The Season to visit Florida is from Dec. to April, when all the hotels are open and everything is seen to advantage. The communication with the North is excellent (comp. above and pp. 354, 355), and the hotels are much above the usual average of the South. Invalids should not visit Florida without medical advice, and all should remember that the climate varies considerably in different parts of the State. Clothing of medium thickness BAEDEKER'S United States.

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will be found most suitable, though it is advisable to be prepared for occasional great heat as well as for some really cool weather. Dust-coats will be found useful. Walking Excursions are not recommended, and most of the roads are too sandy for pleasurable Driving.

From New York to (228 M.) Washington (by the Pennsylvania R. R.), see RR. 31, 40, & 42; from Washington to (344 M.) Richmond, see R. 67; from Richmond to (862 M.) Savannah, see R. 74.

From Savannah we run towards the S. on the tracks of the Savannah, Florida, and Western R. R. The district traversed is rather featureless, but the traveller from the N. will be interested in the 'Spanish Bayonets' (Yucca filamentosa) and other vegetable evidence of a Southern clime. Near (878 M.) Way's we cross the Ogeechee, and beyond (908 M.) Johnston the Ocmulgee. At (919 M.) Jesup we intersect the line from Atlanta to Brunswick (see p. 342).

999 M. Waycross is a junction of some importance, lines running hence to Bainbridge (see below), Jacksonville (see p. 355), Brunswick (p. 342), and Albany. Numerous pear-orchards.

FROM WAYCROSS TO BAINBRIDGE, 141 M., Savannah, Florida, & Western R. R. in 41/2-8 hrs. From (34 M.) Dupont a branch-line runs to Live Oak (p. 363) and Gainesville (p. 365). 104 M. Thomasville (250 ft.; Mitchell Ho., Piney Woods Hotel, $4), a favourite winter-resort on a plateau covered with pine-forests. Pop. (1890) 5514. Its attractions include numerous walks and drives (Glen Arvern, Paradise Park, etc.), shooting, an opera-house, and comfortable hotels. It is supplied with water by an artesian well 1900 ft. in depth. Round the town are numerous orchards of the 'Le Conte' pear. From (132 M.) Bainbridge Junction a branch-line diverges to (30 M.) Chattahoochee. Beyond (141 M.) Bainbridge we may go on by the Albany Midland R. R. to Montgomery (p. 336).

From Waycross our line runs nearly due S. Beyond (993 M.) Folkston we cross the St. Mary's River and enter Florida (the 'Everglade State'). At (1014 M.) Callahan we cross the Florida Central R. R. from Fernandina (p. 355) to Baldwin and Cedar Keys (R. 79b). 1034 M. Jacksonville, see p. 355. Hence to (1071 M.) St. Augustine, see p. 356; to (1274 M.) Tampa, see R. 79.

b. Viå Richmond & Danville Railroad.

RAILWAY to (1276 M.) Jacksonville in 40 hrs., to (1313 M.) St. Augustine in 43-44 hrs., to (1516 M.) Tampa in 48 hrs. (fares as above). The vestibuled train leaves New York at 4.30 p.m.

From New York to (228 M.) Washington, see R. 42; from Washington to (878 M.) Atlanta, see R. 70 a.

From Atlanta we follow the tracks of the Central R. R. of Georgia to (981 M.) Macon (p. 342), passing numerous unimportant stations. Here we turn to the right and take the S.W. division of the same railway. 1088 M. Albany, on the Flint River, is the junction of lines to Montgomery (p. 336) and Thomasville (see above).

We now turn to the left (E.) and follow the Brunswick & Western R. R. (unimportant stations) to (1200 M.) Waycross. Thence to 1276 M. Jacksonville, see R. 75 a.