Affirmative Action and Minority Enrollments in Medical and Law SchoolsAffirmative action is one of the central issues of American politics today, and admission to colleges and universities has been at the center of the debate. While this issue has been discussed for years, there is very little real data on the impact of affirmative action programs on admissions to institutions of higher learning. Susan Welch and John Gruhl in this groundbreaking study look at the impact on admissions of policies developed in the wake of the United States Supreme Court's landmark 1978 Bakke decision. In Bakke, the Court legitimized the use of race as one of several factors that could be considered in admissions decisions, while forbidding the use of quotas. Opponents of affirmative action claim that because of the Bakke decision thousands of less-qualified minorities have been granted admission in preference to more qualified white students; proponents claim that without the affirmative action policies articulated in Bakke, minorities would not have made the gains they have made in higher education. Based on a survey of admissions officers for law and medical schools and national enrollment data, the authors give us the first analysis of the real impact of the Bakke decision and affirmative action programs on enrollments in medical and law schools. Admission to medical schools and law schools is much sought after and is highly competitive. In examining admissions patterns to these schools the authors are able to identify the effects of affirmative action programs and the Bakke decision in what may be the most challenging case. This book will appeal to scholars of race and gender in political science, sociology and education as well as those interested in the study of affirmative action policies. Susan Welch is Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Professor of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. John Gruhl is Professor of Political Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. |
Contents
Desegregation Affirmative Action | 7 |
Resources | 37 |
Perceptions of Bakke and Its Impact | 61 |
Bakke and the Applicant Pool | 85 |
Bakke and Admissions Decisions | 107 |
Minority Enrollment and the Courts | 133 |
Appendix A The Survey | 179 |
Notes | 187 |
197 | |
213 | |
221 | |
Other editions - View all
Affirmative Action and Minority Enrollments in Medical and Law Schools Susan Welch,John Gruhl Limited preview - 1998 |
Affirmative Action and Minority Enrollments in Medical and Law Schools Susan Welch,John Gruhl Limited preview - 2010 |
Common terms and phrases
AAMC accepted admissions officers admitted affirmative action affirmative action policies African Americans applicant pool applicants to medical Asian Asian Americans Bakke decision Bakke's black and Hispanic black applicants black enrollment black or Hispanic black students civil rights class-based programs decade after Bakke decreased DeFunis effect equal protection clause equation ethnic GPAs groups higher education Hispanic applicants Hispanic enrollment Hispanic population Hispanic students impact of Bakke indicates institutions Justice Latino Law School Admission law schools LSAT medical and law medical school ment Mexican Americans minority applicants minority enrollment minority recruitment minority students Native Americans number of black number of minority overall past discrimination perceived positive factor post-Bakke pre-Bakke predicted pressure professional schools proportion of black quantity quotas race racial Regents reported respondents reverse discrimination ruling school applicants school enrollment segregation significant sions Supreme Court test scores time-series tion trends U.S. Supreme Court variable women
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