nothing of its teachings, and nothing in the science of business which is to be his pursuit for life, his foundation in success if he gets it. The slim forms of business are offered to be taught by commercial schools in a few weeks. Economies the science of practical life, has not been taught at all in common schools nor nearly as much as it should be in scientific methods in colleges. Other sciences are to be learned and taught from experience, but social science using all forces of nature and the motives which meet in man-most complicated and difficult of all science—has still indulged in theory and unscientific methods. If, then, in consequence of such education as makes a general activity of mind-but has taught nothing of the laws of business or political life-there is general activity in theory, the more theories and the more general the discussion of and interest in them the better so that the administration of life may be well thought out. As to be expected, such theories have generally elements of weakness. But the tendencies of the times are plainly seen. There has been a most inadequate social science. It is not yet fairly past the theoretic stage with which every science is hampered at its outset. Men like to plan a system rather than to drudge in minutiæ to arrive at certainty.

Man has passed a stage where the end of government and economics was to favor a few. Then followed to favor the aggregate wealth without regard

to distribution-the arithmetical state of balance of trade, of too much government and too little, too much protection, and a complete theory of "laissez faire." The "laissez faire" theory is followed by the theories of a paternal government. Lately has been recognized the historical school, which is now rising to the ascendancy, who are treating the science of life on Baconian models, with the same methods which have made a solid basis for every flourishing science. And a learned and humane economist, Dr. Kichard T. Ely, quotes to me with approval the words of that leader in the new history, Dr. Herbert B. Adams, that "Political Economy is becoming historical, and history is becoming economic." To be accurate, the offices, rights and duties of government and the governed, how best conducted and the best rules of economics in private hands, must be determined by the experience of history; there is no other. The historical school, bound to no theory, but to the scientific mode of learning, is growing strong, both here and abroad. The writers of pure theory are already being followed by、 wiser and more learned men, who intelligently study the past to make safe the future.

It is the office of a Historical Society to carry from age to age, and to keep for each age such material as may be wanted, and such societies should be, and will be if rightly supported and appreciated, a practical and most valuable school of education. Past his

tory is wider than Mr. Freeman's definition; man's actions are not simply economical. Mr. Freeman elsewhere says "History is a moral lesson." Man has passions and a moral sense. He has generosity, fine feelings, which are in character above views purely selfish and such views of his religious duty as cannot be explained on the principle of weighing the most economic good to himself. He stands in Mr. Spencer's "First Principles," as matter of science upon the margin, or rather on each side the margin, between the knowable and unknowable; the world on one side and Deity on the other. There are as fine pictures in history as in fiction, of romance, of pathos, of tragedy, and of comedy. If one reads Mr. Parkman's "Jesuits in North America" with no better business or governmental practical education, yet he is not a good or a manly man if he does not feel greater courage and devotion to high minded and less mistaken notions of religion than those held by Mr. Parkman's heroes.

I have lately said elsewhere, that the pleasures of history are akin to travel, and that he who well understood the life of a prior period of his own locality, had traveled abroad. The chief pleasure and profit of foreign travel consists in comparison, and those matters are most interesting and instructive which differ from our own country. The same rules obtained in the survey of history, so that those matters which are useful are at the same time interesting. The comparative methods of modern times have been most pro-.

ductive. I need hardly mention comparative philology, so directly resulting from history. Professor Rogers' "Work and Wages" and "Economic Interpretation of History," Professor Freeman's Freeman's "Comparative Politics," and numerous other examples might be named, and a late book in an international series is named "Comparative Literature." Our own country, with its thirteen original colonies and its many younger commonwealths, affords a fine field. I know none better than Ohio to easily compare different races, and partly by research original for that purpose. Palæolithic man was here. These followed builders of vast earth works. Later, the neolithic races, then the French, the English, and the American, a mixture of different stocks, and from an absolutely savage condition to the highest advance of civilization is but very little over one hundred years.

The hard problems of municipal government must be worked out with the careful use of history by each municipality; for if each is to be governed only by its present experience it is but too plain there will be an expensive series of ignominious mistakes. Never has there been such promise of interesting narratives, of entertaining knowledge of past times, and of practical wisdom for the present and the future as is likely to result from the new methods in history.

The present and past work of the Society is referred to by the Cleveland Leader as follows:

"It is a pleasure to note from the

reports made at the twenty-fourth annual meeting Friday, that the Western Reserve Historical Society is in a more than usually satisfactory condition Cleveland has few organizations which deserve warmer encouragement, or are doing a more laudable work than this one. The necessity of collecting historical facts from time to time before the sources become obscure or the records destroyed is obvious, and the wisdom of preserving the reminders of early days and other times is equally manifest. This is the dual field occupied by the society, and every one who has had a chance to learn its reputation among historical authorities in the East knows that it fills it ably. Its collection of facts bearing upon the early history of Northern Ohio has already attracted. wide attention and won warm praise from those interested in historical subjects. One noted authority has pronounced its pamphlets, some seventyeight in number, the most valuable collection of facts relating to the west yet published. As time goes on these works will become more and more valuable because of the increasing difficulty with which the information they contain can be secured from original sources. In this one branch of its work it is performing a service to the cause of history which cannot be easily over estimated, and which merits the warmest recognition from the public.

"Its other work, that of gathering interesting and curious things connected with the history of Ohio into a

museum is of much interest. It affords the means for observing many interesting things in the every-day life of the forefathers, and excites a popular interest in historical studies that is of very great value. It preserves glimpses of the life of past generations that aid in appreciating history, and give a local color to what otherwise might be considered dry records.

"Comparatively few persons in Cleveland appreciate what an excellent historical museum this society possesses, because the quarters it now occupies are cramped and unsatisfactory. It ought by all means to be given better rooms, and as it now has the opportunity to secure an excellent building centrally located and admirably adapted for its purpose at a very low price, the money ought to be forthcoming at once. If this building is secured, the museum will speedily become the most noted historical collection in the State and one of the most valuable in the West, a credit and an honor to the city. We hope our business men will be particularly liberal in this matter, and see to it that the society secures the old Society for Savings building, in which to arrange its large and valuable collection of rare and curious things connected with the past of the city and State. A city can have few more priceless possessions than a first-class museum."

The officers and committee of the Society are as follows:

President, C. C. Baldwin.

Vice-Presidents, W. J. Gordon, W.

P. Fogg, J. H. Sargent, Sam Briggs.

Elective Curators, (holding over to May, 1892)-Levi F. Bauder, Peter Hitchcock, Henry N. Johnson; (to May, 1893)-C. C. Baldwin, Stiles H. Curtiss, Rutherford B. Hayes; (to May, 1894) Amos Townsend, Douglas Perkins, P. H. Babcock.

Trustees of Invested Funds, Hon. Wm. Bingham, Hon. R. P. Ranney, Hon. C. C. Baldwin.

Permanent Curators, Wm. J. Boardman, Wm. Bingham, H. C. Ranney, James Barnett, Geo. A. Tisdale.

Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary and Librarian, D. W. Manchester.

Treasurer, John B. French.

COMMITTEES.

Meetings and Lectures, C. C. Baldwin, E. L. Hessenmueller, L. C. Hanna, Elroy M. Avery, D. W. Manchester.

Museum, P. H. Babcock, H. N. Johnson, Phil. H. Keese.

Biography and Obituaries, Sam Briggs, H. R. Hatch, C. C. Baldwin, D. W. Manchester.

Genealogies, D. W. Manchester, Sam Briggs, J. H. Wade, Jr.

Ohio Local History and Atlasses,

L. F. Bauder, S. H. Curtiss, W. H. Brew, J. W. Willard.

Manuscripts, Douglas Perkins, J. B. French, A. T. Anderson.

Printing, Lee McBride, J. B. French, A. L. Withington.

Public Documents, Hon. Amos Townsend, Hon. Wm. Bingham, Gen. R. B. Hayes, H. N. Johnson, Hon. T. E. Burton.

Photographs and Views, J. F. Ryder, E. Decker, Miss L. T. Guilford.

Newspaper Paper Files, E. H. Perdue, H. S. Sherman, L. E. Holden, James D. Cleveland, John M. Wilcox.

Coins, H. N. Johnson, Miss M. E. Ingersoll, W. H. Barris.

Finance, Hon. R. P. Ranney, Hon. Wm. Bingham, Douglas Perkins, W. J. Boardman, Jarvis M. Adams, J. D. Rockefeller, Gen. James Barnett.

Societies and Exchanges, Gen. M. D. Leggett, E. L. Rich, C. C. Baldwin, N. P. Bowlers.

Military History, Gen. R. B. Hayes, Gen. M. D. Leggett, Col. H. N. Whitbeck, C. C. Dewstoe, D. H. Kimberly.

Executive Committee, C. C. Baldwin, Douglas Perkins, S. H. Curtiss, J. H. McBride, P. H. Babcock.

ON the 10th of December, 1890, Dr. D. Mills Tucker, for more than thirty years a resident and physician of Chicago, died at his home in this city. He was a cultured and scholarly gentleman, a successful practitioner of medicine, and a worthy and much beloved citizen. The story of his life is of interest, not only to the large circle of those who knew, esteemed and loved him his neighbors and friends, -but to the youth of the land, who can find much to emulate in his career, and much to encourage those who have to struggle, as did he, to get a start in professional life.

Dr.

Tucker was born at Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, August 24, 1819, on a farm which had been in the possession of the family for generations, and in a quaint old house built nearly a century and a half since, and still occupied by a member of the Tucker family.

The Tucker family is one of the oldest in New England, Robert Tucker, their immigrant ancestor, who was born at Dorchester, England, having settled at Weymouth, Massachusetts, in 1635. This Robert Tucker was baptized in the famous old church of Saints Peter and Paul, at Milton, England, and was a son of George Tucker, to whom the history

of Milton shows Milton Manor to have been conveyed by gift of Queen Elizabeth in 1572.

Robert Tucker was one of the first settlers at Weymouth, Massachusetts, and with others gave the town its name. From there he went to Milton, Massachusetts, near the time of its in-. corporation, and became its first town Recorder. He also served the public as selectman and representative to the General Court, was a large land owner and a man of influence in the community. His home in Milton, built in 1681, or prior to that time was still standing on its original site no longer ago than the year 1887, was occupied by a lineal descendant of the builder, and was pointed out to visitors as the oldest house in the town. He also purchased of the Indians, lands lying between Brookfield and Springfield, and other lots at Leicester and Shrewsbury, and the farm on which Dr. Tucker was born was probably purchased originally either by him or his immediate descendants from the natives who claimed title to it.

The father of Dr. Tucker was "Deacon" Eddy Tucker, who in 1881, prior to his death, was the oldest settler of Worcester County.

Deacon Tucker was a model farmer,