It

occasioned many troubles as well to the merchants as to the planters and inhabitants amongst themselves. is thought fit by the Governor and Counsel and the Burgesses of this Grand Assembly, that all accounts and contracts be usually made and kept in money and not in tobacco, and to that purpose it is also thought fit that all pleas and actions of debt or trespass be commensed and set down in lawful money of England only, and in no other commodity; and further, that all orders, judgments, decrees and acts, made and ordered in any of the courts within this colony concerning the premises, shall be set down and entered in English money, according to the custom of all pleas and judgment in the Kingdom of England." At that time, and for a long time afterward, the public levies were laid in tobacco, and the fees of public officers were payable in tobacco, being fixed by statute at so many pounds for each service.

For instance, in 1632, 1 Hen. 201, the marshal's fees were fixed as follows: "For an arrest, 10 pounds of tobacco. Warning to court, 2 lbs.; imprisonment-coming in-10 lbs.; going out, 10 lbs.; laying by the heels, 5 lbs; whipping, pillory, ducking, 10 lbs. each." See also Hening's Statute, passim.

As the trade and population increased in the colony, it was found necessary to put this medium for exchanges under some sort of public control, in order that those persons

receiving their "money" might have some sort of guarantee of its genuineness. The various acts which were passed upon the subject, to be found in 1st Hen., were finally consolidated, in 1632, into an act (1st Hen. 203), which provided for five warehouses, in which all tobacco intended to be used as a medium of trade, should be stored before the last day of December, to be viewed, tried and repacked by certain sworn commissioners, who were directed to burn all such as was bad.

This act provided further, that all payments to be made in tobacco should be made at one of those warehouses, or stores, as they are called in this act. How long this was continued in existence, we have no means of ascertaining. It has no limitation upon its face. It contains the form of the present much controverted system. However, in 1712, (2 Hen. 32), we find another act, making some modifications, and no doubt improvements, upon the scheme of the former one. But in 1730 (2 Hen. 247), we find an act which revises the whole subject, and lays down an elaborate plan for the conduct of warehouses and inspections. This act contains the first provision by-laws (what had doubtless been practiced since the first establishment of warehouses) for tobacco notes. By the 41st section it provides that the inspectors shall give their promissory notes, as many as might be demanded for the tobacco inspected and

stored, which notes should express whether they were for sweet scented, Oronoka, stun'd or leaf, "which notes shall be and are hereby declared to be current and payable in all tobacco payments whatsoever, according to the species expressed in the note, within certain limits of territory." This act contained this most important feature, that nothing should be

accounted a lawful tender to discharge any debt, contract or duty, payable in tobacco, unless payment of the same be tendered in inspector's notes. We here find the form of the currency that prevailed amongst a people whose entire traffic was made with reference to an exchange through tobacco as a medium. ELLIOTT ANTHONY.

WHEN a young man, early in life, with nothing but moral consciousness, mental cultivation and physical strength, supplemented with energy and honesty of purpose in the affairs of life, achieves success, it is evidence of the value of these characteristics. Early instruction and example in the right direction do much toward moulding the future course of the young man in the achievement of success. "As the twig is inclined, so the tree groweth" is an adage that illustrates, in the main, the respectable and the successful elements of society, and the reverse thereof. The youth that is inclined to obedience at home and at school, to industrious efforts, to truthfulness and good associations, are those who generally grow up in habits of industry, respectability, and high ambitious aims in

life. The disposition of many young men to cultivate conceit, and to emulate the trifling and unsubstantial side of life, too often leads to efforts to win their bread by their wits, through the low and demoralizing practices usually employed by those thus inclined. Here is the defect of the restraining influences of our civilization a defect in the precept and example of home, and the school. These should be the moulding nurseries of high moral, mental and industrial development. With low moral inclination and methods, the highest mental development is of very little practical benefit in the interest of true civilization. Hence, the home circle and the school should train and instruct the child and youth in the practical affairs of the higher moral, physical

and social life-in methods of industry and economy, in connection with mental development. It is not all of life to live; but the proper and harmonious development of all the faculties is in keeping with the higher civilization and success in life.

When we observe a young man of this noble type, he is generally on the road to success, because his early training and instruction were correct; his consciousness and honesty of purpose being the governors of his course, and his ambition, the spur that nerves him to action. Our highest civilization is carved, and our government and grandest institutions are moulded, by such.

The youth and manhood of Henry P. Drum are fair illustrations of these reflections. Born of humble, though respectable parentage, ideas of life's responsibilities took early root in his mind, which, through wholesome training, inspired within him an ambition to be faithful to the responsibilities and obligations, with which he might be charged, and true to principle and noble purposes in life's

career.

Mr. Drum is the descendant of a sturdy ancestry, his grandfather on his paternal side being of German descent, and his paternal grandmother was of English descent, both of whom were born in South Carolina; and, after their marriage, emigrated to Illinois upon the admission of that State into the Union, locating in Macupine county. Here Henry's

father, William Drum, was born in 1831; his mother, whose maiden name was Mary S. McConaughy,being born in Ohio in 1830. She died in April, 1861, at Girard, Macupine county, Ill., leaving Henry as their only child, born November 21, 1857, at that place. In the course of time his father married Julia F. Stewart, a resident of Illinois, but a native of New Jersey, as his second wife, by whom he has two children, Bertha, a daughter, aged sixteen, and a son, Robert, aged twelve years. His father still resides father still resides at Girard, Ill., where, for several years, he was engaged in a mechanical pursuit, and later in mercantile trade which he still continues.

From early school age, Henry attended the common school until old enough to assist his father in his mechanical pursuit during summers,continuing at school during winter, until he was about seventeen years of age. He had a strong desire from early boyhood to acquire an education, and do for himself; although his father desired him to remain with him and take an interest in his mercantile business. But, as his mother died when he was but four years old, and new home conditions had arisen, he thought it better to go forth and carve his own way in the battle of life, which he did in 1874, at the age of seventeen years. The day he bid farewell to his parential home he walked twenty miles, with only two dollars in his pocket, and secured a

school in his native county, which he successfully taught the following winter and summer. With the means thus acquired he followed his purpose to secure an education, and entered the Illinois State University at Champaign, remaining about two years, when he engaged again in teaching in winter,and working at jobs during summer for a year, when he had earned money enough to resume his course in the University, this time continuing to completion, doing odd jobs meantime, among which was taking care of the chemical laboratory of the University to aid in defraying his expenses. Thus the young man, inspired by ambition to succeed in life, worked hard, undergoing many pleasures and privations to accomplish his purpose.

Mr. Drum's early ambition was to learn the profession of law, but after completing his scholastic, course he abandoned the idea and drifted into other pursuits. His first business venture was in 1880, when he went to Farmer City, Ill., and, in connection with R. J. Davis, engaged in brick making; but the field being overdone, he found this unprofitable and soon abandoned it. He then went to Nebraska, in 1881, locating at Hebron, when he again engaged, with approved success, in school teaching for a term, when he was offered and accepted a position in the private bank of Walter J. Thompson, at that place. The following year he and Mr. Thompson purchased some large

tracts of wild land and engaged in live stock raising for a year or more.

In the Autumn of 1883, Mr. Drum and Mr. Thompson visited Washington Territory for observation, and they were so favorably impressed with the opportunities it offered that they returned to Nebraska and at once disposed of their interest there, and returned to Tacoma the following December to remain, and purchase the Bank of Tacoma, the oldest banking house in what was then called New Tacoma. They at once organized it into the Merchants National Bank, of which Mr. Drum was first assistant cashier, and was soon after elected to the position of cashier, which he held until 1889, when he was chosen vice-president, which position he now continues to hold. Mr. Drum being unassuming, mild and affable in manner, of pleasing address, clear-headed, prompt and courteous in business, quite soon secured him many acquaintances and general popularity. In 1887 he was chosen a member of the Tacoma School Board, which gave to it the experience of a successful teacher and efficient business man, which contributed much in raising the standard and efficiency of the city schools. He retired from the board as its presi

In politics Mr. Drum is a Democrat, conscientious in his convictions and methods; never allowing political prejudice to to swerve him from official duty. In 1888 he was elected mayor of Tacoma, a Republi

can city, over a prominent opponent, the entire Republican ticket being chosen, with this one exception. His administration was conservative, business-like, and quite generally satisfactory. He is cool, and has the courage of his conviction in his business and public relations. Upon the admission of Washington as a State in 1889, Mr. Drum was elected a Senator to the first State Legislature from his county,against a Republican majority, and was the only Democratic member of the Senate. His faithfulness to the public interest and good judgment soon gave him prominence and influence as a legislator the first session; and in the second session of the legislature, just closed, (March) there was no member that commanded more respect or exerted greater influence in the formulation of legislation than Senator Drum. He was, in all public matters, governed by his convictions of right and the public welfare.

Upon the recommendation of the governor, as a mark of the popular esteem in which he is held, Senator Drum was, in 1889, appointed by the President, Commissioner for Washington to the World's Fair at Chicago.

Besides his large interest in the Merchants National Bank as a stockholder, director and vice-president, Mr. Drum is a stock-holder and director in several other financial and

manufacturing enterprises. He also has large real estate interests in and about Tacoma.

Mr. Drum is a prominent member of the Masonic order, occupying several of its important official positions and is now grand treasurer of the Grand Chapter of the State. In religious matters he is a Unitarian, and was one of the founders of that church society in Tacoma.

Henry Drum was married at Tacoma, Wash., in November, 1884, to Miss Jessie M. Thompson, sister of Hon. Walter J. Thompson, of Tacoma. They have three children, a boy and two girls, named Howard, Laura, and Barbara. He is surrounded with a pleasant family, is domestic and social in his inclination, and occupies a pleasant residence overlooking Puget Sound. He expects to give his close attention to his banking interests in the future.

Mr. Drum is but thirty-four years old. After having given his services to his father in return for his care, support and common school advantages, from his young boyhood until seventeen years of age, he left home to do for himself with no means but an earnest ambition. He earned money to secure a collegiate education, learned habits of industry and frugality, and practical sincerity of purpose; shunning pernicious associations and methods. Thus before the meridian of life he has achieved