and put in the place of those whom it might have seemed fit to remove, in spite of their being dependents on the crown or on the nobles. An increase of salary was to be allowed to the new masters, from the special fund lately created; and the individuals most distinguished among them to be held out to the primary normal school as models for masters in training.

But the benevolent intention of the king could not be entirely realised; either the persons intrusted with its execution were negligent, or they found it difficult to draw skilful masters from Saxony. To obviate this inconvenience, it was determined to place in the schools which were susceptible of reform, theological candidates, who should fill the office of masters.

"This arrangement not answering the purpose, some lesser normal schools, indeed, sprang up insensibly at Berlin; but either they were not of long continuance, or they remained unimportant; or else they had no other view than to form masters for Berlin and the neighbouring towns of an inferior order."

Such was the state of things when, in 1809, the regency of Potsdam, the ecclseiastical authorities, and the school-deputation began to give a new direction to the system hitherto followed in primary instruction.

Nothing was more strongly felt than the want of good masters. Exact information was cagerly sought as to the condition of the primary normal school at Berlin, and in 1810, great improvements were effected in this establishment. Upon their success depended, in part, whether this school should be continued and remain at Berlin, or whether it should be transferred to another place. Now, on experiment, the measures adopted appeared inapplicable to the establishment at Berlin, and the primary normal school of Berlin was superseded by that of Potsdam.

PRESENT ORGANISATION OF THE NORMAL

SCHOOL.

1. Direction and Inspection.

The normal school and its annexed school are placed under a director or principal, subordinate to the royal school-board of the

province of Brandenburg at Berlin, and to the minister of public instruction.

The last-named authority lays down the principles to be followed in this school, as in all other public schools; exacts an account of all important matters, such as the nomination of the masters, and any change in the fundamental plan of the studies; and receives every year, through the medium of the royal school-board, a detailed report, prepared by the director of the school.

The school-board is charged with the special inspection of the normal school: it must watch its progress, and from time to time send commissioners to make inquiries on the spot. It examines also and approves the plan of studies.

2. Building.

The normal school, situated near the canal and the Berlin gate, is a large edifice two stories high, with a frontage of 127 feet, and considerable back-buildings, which, joined to the main building, form a square within which is a tolerably spacious court. The whole comprehends:

"1. A family residence for the director or principal, and another for a master;

"2. Three apartments for three unmarried masters;

"3. An apartment for the steward and his servants, and sufficient convenience for household business and stowage;

"4. A dining-room for the pupils, which serve also for the writing and drawing class;

"5. An organ-room, in which the musiclessons are given, the examinations take place, and the morning and evening prayers are said;

"6. Two rooms for the scientific instruction of the pupils;

"7. Four rooms for the classes of the annexed school;

"S. Five rooms of different sizes, and two dormitories for the pupils;

"9. Two infirmaries;

"10. A wash-house;

"11. Two cabinets of natural history; "12. Granaries, cellars, wood-houses, &c.

3. Revenues,

Are afforded by state funds, by fees from pupils, and from children at the primary school-which serve to pay

"1. The salaries of the masters; "2. The household expenses;

"3. The materials for instruction for the normal school and the school annexed; “4. The garden-ground; .

"5. The heating and lighting;

"6. The repairs of the building, furniture and utensils, the insurance, taxes and expenses of the house, &c.;

"7. The maintenance of the pupils.
"8. The physician and surgeon.

4. Inventory.

"The establishment contains the following articles;

"1. 1. Things required in the economy of the house, kitchen-utensils, tables, forms,

&c.;

"2. Sufficient and suitable furniture, consisting of chests of drawers, tables, forms, chairs and boxes, for the class of the nor