perty, to the support of the schools. The scholars, according to their means, or the funds of the school, which may be greater or less, pay school fees. No schoolmaster collects the fees, but this must be done by the committee. Children are permitted to contribute a fund for the education of others too poor to pay their portion of the charge. There are some schools in large places entirely free to the poor.

No schoolmaster can be allowed to increase his income by occupations unsuitable to the dignity of his office, or derogatory to morality in the highest sense, or likely to divert his attention from his studies. He may be a clerk or organist in a church, and may receive the income of the place, provided the service of the school be not interrupted by such employment. No master or mistress shall engage in other occupation without special permission, and that is never granted, except perfectly consistent with the peculiar decorum of the teacher's station.

any

The committees are legally responsible

for all expenses of the schools, and management of funds.

The province of primary, middle, and high schools, together with the universities, is recognised to be nearly the same in Prussia as we regard it, except that the Prussian system aims at higher objects than the common education of this country, and employs more definite means for the peculiar ends of instruction.

"The first vocation of every school," says the law of 1819," is, to train up the young in such a manner as to implant in their minds a knowledge of the relation of man to God, and at the same time to excite both the will and the strength to govern their lives after the spirit and precepts of Christianity. Schools must early train children to piety, and therefore must strive to second and complete the early instructions of parents. In every school, therefore, the occupations of the day shall begin and end with a short prayer and some pious reflections, which the master must contrive to render so varied and impressive, that a

moral exercise shall never degenerate into an affair of habit. All the solemnities of the schools shall be interspersed with songs of a religious character.

"Care shall be taken to inculcate on youth the duty of obedience to the laws, fidelity and attachment to the sovereign and state, in order that these virtues may combine to produce in them the sacred love of country.

"The paternal attachment of the masters, their affectionate kindness towards all their pupils, are the most powerful means of preserving them from immoral influences, and of inclining them to virtue.

"No kind of punishment which has a tendency to weaken the sentiment of honour shall in any case be inflicted. Corporal punishments, in case they be necessary, shall be devoid of cruelty, and in no case injurious either to modesty or health.”

Some further regulations of these schools, and the detail of their course of instruction is taken entire, as follows, from Cousin's report.:

"Incorrigible scholars, or those whose example or influence may be pernicious to their schoolfellows, after all the resources of paternal authority, joined to that of the masters, shall have been exhausted, shall be expelled in compliance with the judgment of the school committees.

"By making the pupils themselves, as they advance in age, assist in maintaining order in the school, they will be accustomed to feel themselves useful and active members of society.

"Primary instruction shall have for its aim to develope the faculties of the soul, the reason, the senses, and the bodily strength. It shall comprehend religion and morals, the knowledge of size and numbers, of nature and man; corporeal exercises, singing, and, lastly, imitation of form by drawing and writing.

"In every school for girls, without exception, the works peculiar to their sex shall be taught.

"Gymnastics shall be considered as a necessary part of a complete system of edu

cation, and shall be taught by simple rules favourable to the promotion of the health and bodily strength of children.

"Every complete elementary school necessarily comprehends the following objects:

"1. Religious instruction, as a means of forming the moral character of children according to the positive truths of Christianity.

"2. The German language, and in provinces where a foreign language is spoken, the language of the country, in addition to the German.

"3. The elements of geometry, together with the general principles of drawing.

tic.

4. Calculation and practical arithme

❝5. The elements of physics, geography, general history, and especially the history of Prussia.

"Care must be taken to introduce and combine these branches of knowledge with the reading, and writing lessons, as much as possible, independently of the instruction