ment-they may so divert it that another reco- | lution may be necessary; ; but if necessarily that other revolution comes, slavery will stand serene, erect, aloft, unquestioned as to its rights or its integrity at some points within the present limits of the Southern States, and it is only for present actors to determine whether they will contribute or be crushed to that result.

the grounds on which the secession movement has been based by its advoccates.

If any "Union man" at the South may have been tempted to doubt the propriety of giving so much space as we have awarded to such exciting developments of public disaffection, at a time when the air seemed full of political infection, we have only to say that the chronicle belonged to the current history of the times, and was demanded of us as impartial public journalists. If, on the other hand, any of our subscribers, in their zeal for a cause assuming to represent "Southern rights," may have dissented from the course we have pursued in opposing, as we have felt it our duty to do, the whole theory and policy of secession, as now urged upon the acceptance of the Southern people, they will at least do us the justice to admit that if that cause has not been sufficient

I hope you will pardon this communication; it is too long, but I have not had time to make it shorter. I hope also you will find it consistent with your views to urge the policy I have endeavored to advance. If the clause be carried into the permanent Government, our whole move- | ment is defeated. It will abolitionize the Border Slave States-it will brand our institution. Slavery cannot share a government with democracy it cannot bear a brand upon it; thence another revolution. It may be painful, but we must make it. The Constitution cannot be changed with-ly vindicated in other than our editorial columns, out. The Border States discharged of slavery, will oppose it. They are to be included by the concession; they will be sufficient to defeat it. It is doubtful if another movement will be so peaceful; but no matter, no power but the Convention can avert the necessity. The clause need not necessarily be carried into the permanent Government, but I fear it will be. The belief that it is agreeable to popular feeling will continue. The popular mind cannot now be worked up to the task of dispelling the belief; the same men who have prepared the provisional will prepare the perinanent constitution; the same influences will affect them. It will be difficult to reverse their judgment in the Conventions of the several States. The effort will at least distract us, and so it is to be feared this fatal action may be consummated; but that it may not, is the most earnest wish I now can entertain.

Respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. W. SPRATT.

This letter was published in the Charleston Mercury on the 13th of February, and copied into the National Intelligencer on the 19th, with the following remarks:

THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECESSION.-We sur render a considerable portion of our paper to the reproduction of a letter addressed by the Hon. L. W. Spratt, of South Carolina, to the Hon. Mr. Perkins, of Louisiana, in criticism on the Provisional Constitution recently adopted by the "Southern Congress" at Montgomery,

Alabama.

it must be because its peculiar champions have been unable to substantiate its high pretensions, with all the advantages given them in the prominence assigned to discussions and proceedings which were suited to attract by their novelty, to allure by their boldness, and to captivate by the sectional sensibilities upon which they sought to play.

In giving to-day the elaborate paper of Mr. Spratt, we need not say that we entirely dissent from the political philosophy which he inculcates in the name and on behalf of the secession movement. Yet the prominent part he has taken in the steps by which that movement was initiated, the confidence bestowed upon him by the people of Charleston in electing him, with such unanimity, to a seat in the South Carolina Convention, and the marked honor conferred upon him by that Convention in deputing him as one of the commissioners appointed to interpret the action of the Palmetto State before the Convention of Florida, (the first which met after that of South Carolina,) are all so many titles by which he may assume to speak with authority in expounding the purport and bearing of the civil revolution to which he has so largely contributed.

It will be seen that Mr. Spratt distinctly and unequivocally heralds a new crusade for the "emancipation of the South," if the features engrafted on the Provisional Constitution framed at Montgomery should be so far incorporated in the permanent organic law of the new Confederation as to fix a "stigma" on slavery by prohibiting the foreign slave trade. Writing to his correspondent, (who, we may add, is a In giving so large a space to such a docu- leading member of the Southern Congress from ment we are governed by the same considera- the State of Louisiana,) he proclaims that it tions which have hitherto induced us to pub- was the great object of the movement which lish so largely the proceedings of the Conven- has resulted in the disruption of the Union in tions held in South Carolina and elsewhere-a the Gulf States, to protect the system of sladesire to place conspicuously before our readers very in those States, as well in its internal as in the South (from whom the Intelligencer re- external relations, from the antagonism of free ceives much the larger portion of that generous society; and to this end the revival of the forpatronage with which it has so long been hon-eign slave trade is seen to be necessary. He ored) a clear and comprehensive statement of contends that in order to realize the normal

eracy have in reserve for their people another revolution in which the combatants on both sides shall be of their own household. And whose warning should not pass unheeded, because he is one who knows how revolutions are inade, because knowing from what source the pending revolution has derived its motive power, and the attainment of what ends it has sought under the conduct of its originators. These, if balked of their purpose for the presonce a new agitation, destined to endure until at last slavery shall "stand serene, erect, aloft, unquestioned as to its rights or its integrity, at some point within the present limits of the Southern States." "And such being the case," adds Mr. Spratt, "it is only for the present actors to determine whether they will contribute or be crushed to that result."

state of "slave society" the number of the slaves should at least be equal to the number of the freemen; for where the latter are in excess, he holds that the conditions of an “ir-the man who prefigures this conflict is one repressible conflict" and of the consequent subordination of slavery are inevitable. It being indispensable, according to Mr. Spratt, that every form of handicraft labor in the true Slave States should be performed by slaves, he deprecates the introduction of white mechanics into Charleston as a calamity threatening the peace of the city. At present he thinks that South Caro-ent, will, he assures us, only have to begin at lina more nearly than any other State-much more so than Virginia-is in a condition to illustrate the conservative tendency of slavery, as to-day there is in South Carolina no appeal to the mass, because there is no mass to appeal to; there are no demagogues, because there is no populace to breed them." But this happy state of things may be broken up if slavery be not promptly strengthened by the reopening of the slave trade, as it is foreseen that white laborers will come in to fill up the gap left by a paucity of slaves; and such white laborers, adds Mr. Spratt, "will question the right of masters to employ their slaves in any work that they may wish for; they will use the elective franchise to that end; they may acquire the power to determine our municipal elections, and they will inexorably use it; and thus this town of Charleston, at the very heart of slavery, may become the fortress of democratic power against it."

With such theories lying at the basis of the agitation which has culminated in a dissolution of the Union, it was but natural that its originators should exclaim, in the presence of the temporary prohibitions laid on the foreign slave trade by the Congress at Montgomery, that if this interdict "be carried into the permanent Government our whole movement is defeated. It will abolitionize the Border States-it will brand our institution. Slavery cannot share a Government with democracy; it cannot bear a brand upon it; thence another revolution. It may be painful, but we must make it. The Constitution cannot be changed without it. It is doubtful if another movement will be 80 peaceful; but no matter; no power but the Convention can avert the necessity." To similar purport Mr. Spratt proclaims in another part of his letter, "that slavery, as sent forth by the Southern Congress, like the Thracian horse returning from the field of victory, still bears a master on his back, and, having achieved one revolution to escape democracy at the North, it must still achieve another to escape it at the South." And it will be seen that more than once he very significantly intimates a doubt whether this latter victory, if a contest is made necessary by a prohibition laid on the slave trade, will be as peaceful as that which has been only partially won over the remoter enemy at the North. In a word, if the revival of the slave trade be not now peacefully conceded, the members of the Southern Confed

Who can wonder that the people of the Border Slaveholding States, with their wellknown repugnance to the revival of the slave trade, should look with other than feelings of distrust and misgiving on a movement which, in its rudiments, was known to have been so largely controlled by men of like ideas with Mr. Spratt, and whose ultimate, inevitable tendencies are now only the more clearly expressed because of a temporary check which it is feared that movement has received within its own circle of revolution?

-National Intelligencer, February 19.

Doc. 111.

BATTLE OF BULL RUN, VA.

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF GENERAL TYLER.*

WEAD-QUARTERS, 1ST DIVISION}

After the

WASHINGTON, July 27th, 1861. GENERAL: I closed my report as to the fight and it is due to me and my division that our at Bull Run at the time we left for Centreville; subsequent movements be noted to the time the different brigades reached a stopping place. brigade in line, ready to support us, or cover On reaching Centreville, I found Richardson's the retreat. The brigade retired in good order order was given to retreat, and each brigade on Arlington, covering the retreat. which it started, and by the route by which it was ordered "to proceed to the position from advanced," I communicated the order to the commanders of each brigade, and with Keyes' brigade proceeded at once to Falls Church, determined to save the camp equipage of the four regiments left standing there, which I knew, if we fell back on the fortifications in front of Washington, the enemy would at once seize. Col. Keyes, with the three Connecticut regiments, arrived at Falls Church about 5 o'clock A. M. of the 22d inst., and proceeded at onco to strike their tents, and those of the Maino * See page 7 Documents, unte.

regiment and send them to Fort Corcoran. | afterward, by directions of Col. Miles, I proThis work, without rations, was continued ceeded to the extreme left of our division, and the entire day, and during a severe rain supported Maj. Hunt's battery. Having thrown storm, and by night the entire camp equipage out Capt. Heiss, with his company, as skirwas saved by removal. Col. Keyes then fell mishers in the defiles, about a quarter of a mile back to the camp of Schenck's brigade, which on our left, I rested the reinainder of my regihad been entirely deserted; and after using ment on the skirt of a wood, in rear of the artheir tents for the night, struck them the next tillery. Perceiving that the enemy was wary morning, and sent the other Government prop- and shy, I sent Lieut.-Col. Browne, with two erty to Fort Corcoran and Alexandria; and at companies detailed by him, to recounoitre a ra7 o'clock Tuesday morning I saw the three vine and wood where it was suspected the eneConnecticut regiments, with two thousand my was concealed. After deploying and pene(2,000) bayonets, march under the guns of Fort trating the ravine to a considerable distance, all Corcoran in good order after having saved us at once a smart fire of rifles was opened upon not only a large amount of public property, but him from a force concealed in the thick timber. the mortification of having our standing camps He returned the fire, and continued skirmishfall into the hands of the enemy. I hope, Gen- ing, assisted by a detachment of Massachusetts eral, that you will appreciate this service on Volunteers, until his men were safely covered. the part of a portion of my division, and give The desired effect of compelling our adversaries credit to whom credit is due. to discover themselves having thus been atAll the brigades, except Schenck's, obeyed tained, Richardson's battery opened upon them the order to return to their original positions. a destructive fire of case shot and shell. The By some misunderstanding, which is not satis- skirmishers were recalled, and Lieut.-Col. factorily explained, this brigade proceeded di-Browne reported having discovered a masked rect to Washington, one regiment, as understood, passing directly through the camp they left on the 16th inst.

With great respect, your obedient servant,
DANIEL TYLER,
Brig. Gen. 1st Division.

To Brig-Gen. I. MCDOWELL,
Commander Department N. E. Virginia, Arlington.

OFFICIAL REPORT OF COLONEL PRATT. HEAD-QUARTERS THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT N. Y. V.,

CAMP NEAR ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 22, 1861. SIR: In accordance with paragraph 723 of General Regulations for the United States Army, I have the honor to report the operations of my regiment during the engagement of yesterday.

In obedience to your order, the regiment was ready to march from camp, near Centreville, at 2.30 A. M. While proceeding to the field, I was detached from my regiment and ordered to take command of the Sixteenth and Thirtysecond regiments New York Volunteers, to support Lieut. Pratt's battery. I turned over the command of the Thirty-first regiment to Lieut.-Col. Wm. H. Browne, and took command as directed, made a reconnoissance in company with Col. Mathewson of the Thirtysecond, Lieut.-Col. Marsh of the Sixteenth, and Lieut. Pratt of the artillery, and placed said regiments in proper positions. I afterwards threw out as skirmishers of the Thirty-second a company under Captain Chalmers and a platoon under Lieut. of the Sixteenth, and sent them about a mile to the front and left of our position, to guard a road leading from the enemy's right to our left and rear. In about an hour I was ordered by Col. Dixon S. Miles, the division commander, to proceed with the two regiments and the battery to the front, where I was relieved from command of them, and resumed charge of my own regiment. Soon

battery and a force of about a thousand men.

Soon afterwards it was discovered that a force of infantry and cavalry, variously estimated at from 2,500 to 4,000 men, were marching on our left through the woods and defile to turn our flank. Pursuant to your order, the line of battle was changed to our left flank, and four companies were detailed from my regiment and thrown into the left and rear as skirmishers, under command of Frank Jones, ActingMajor, who held the enemy in check. We received a fire of 5 volleys of rifles, and retired from the woods, but they did not succeed in drawing our fire, which was reserved for the advance to take our batteries. At 6 o'clock P. M. the order was received to retire upon Centreville. My regiment remained to allow the battery to precede us, being the last, except the Sixteenth, to quit the field that had successfully been held against such tremendous odds.

I deem it my duty to give the names of the officers of my regiment who were engaged in the battle, and to whose coolness and judgment I am indebted for the success that attended my regiment.

Lieutenant-Colonel, William H. Browne; Acting-Major, Frank Jones; Volunteer Aids, A. L. Washburn, and Frank Hamilton, jr.; Acting-Adjutant, Edward Frossards; Major, Frank H. Hamilton, M. D., Surgeon; Lucier Damamville, M. D., Assistant-Surgeon; George Hanni, M. D., Acting Assistant-Surgeon; Edward A. Brown, M. D., Acting Assistant-Surgeon.

Co. A-Captain, J. J. S. Hassler; First Lieutenant, Robert R. Daniels; Acting Second Lieutenant, Wm. Smith. Co. B-Captain, L. C. Newman; First Lieutenant, D. E. Smith; Second Lieutenant, Eugene Frossard. Co. CCapt., Alexander Raszevski; First Lieutenant, Louis Domanski. Co. D-Captain, M. O. McGarry; First Lieutenant, J. H. Bradley; Seo

ond Lieutenant, R. L. Knight. Co. E-Captain, | ment at Blackburn's Ford, on the 18th, Gen. August Heiss; First Lieutenant, C. E. Kleine; Beauregard was convinced that General McSecond Lieutenant, H. Scheikhaus. Co. F— Dowell's principal demonstration would be First Lieutenant, F. Pross; Second Lieutenant, made on our left wing, and he then formed the Louis H. Browne. Co. G-First Lieutenant, idea of throwing forward a sufficient force, by Oliver J. Rogers; Second Lieutenant, Wm. D. converging roads, to attack the enemy's rePrentice. Co. H-Captain, David Lamb; First serves at Centreville so soon as the main body Lieutenant, Asa B. Gardner; Second Lieuten- of the latter became inextricably engaged on ant, Ferdinand F. Pfeiffer. Co. I-Captain, the left. Late in the day, finding that General John A. Rice; Chaplain, L. W. Waldron, Act- Ewell, who was posted on the extreme right of ing First Lieutenant; Second Lieutenant, our line, had not moved forward in accordance Hamilton Haire. Co. K-Captain, John H. with the programme and the special order Watts; First Lieutenant, Wm. Maitland; Sec- which had been sent him, General Beauregard ond Lieutenant, T. E. Waldron. despatched a courier to Gen. Ewell to inquire the reason why the latter had failed to advance, and received a reply from Gen. Ewell, stating that he had not received any such order. The enemy's attack having then become too strong on the left to warrant carrying out the original plan, as it would take three hours for General Ewell's brigade to reach Centreville, it became necessary to alter the plan, change front on the left, and bring up our reserves to that part of the field. This movement was superintended in person by Gencral Johnston, General Beauregard remaining to direct the movements in front.

Among those not soldiers who rendered effective and gallant service among the skirmishers was John M. Pierce, a servant to Lieut.-Col. Browne, who, with his rifle, killed a field-officer and one soldier of the advancing foe. To conclude, the non-commissioned officers and soldiers of my command behaved with such gallantry, it were invidious to make distinction until the time for promotion shall have actually arrived.

I have the honor to be, respectfully, &c., CALVIN E. PRATT, Col. Com. 31st regiment N. Y. V. To Gen. THOMAS A. DAVIES, Commanding Second Brigade, Fifth Division, North-east Army, Virginia.

BEAUREGARD'S OFFICIAL REPORT.

A correspondent of the Richmond (Va.) Dispatch, Nov. 1, gives the following synopsis of Beauregard's official report of the battle

of Bull Run.*

"At the time when Gen. Kirby Smith and General Early came up with their divisions and appeared on the right of the enemy, our forces on the left occupied the chord of the arc of a circle, of which the arc itself was occupied by the enemy-the extremes of their line flanking The appearance of Smith's and Early's brigades, and their charge on the enemy's right, broke the lines of the latter and threw the rout became complete. them into confusion, when shortly afterwards

ours.

"I have been favored with a brief synopsis of portions of Gen. Beauregard's report of the "General Beauregard acknowledges the great battle of Manassas, which has been forwarded to the War Department, and which will doubt-generosity of General Johnston in fully accordless be published in a short time. Beauregarding to him (Gen. Beauregard) the right to carry opens with a statement of his position antece- this campaign, in yielding the command of the out the plans he had formed with relation to dent to the battle, and of the plan proposed by field after examining and cordially approving him to the Government of the junction of the the plan of battle, and in the effective coupearmies of the Shenandoah and Potomac, with a ration which General Johnston so chivalrously view to the relief of Maryland, and the capture extended to him on that eventful day. of the city of Washington, which plan was re"He remarks that the retreat of our forces jected by the President. Gen. Beauregard states that he telegraphed the War Department from Fairfax, immediately previous to the enon the 13th of July of the contemplated attack gagement of the 18th, is the first instance on record of volunteers retiring before an engageby Gen. McDowell, urgently asking for a junc-ment, and with the object of giving battle in tion of Gen. Johnston's forces with his own, another position. The number under his comand continued to make urgent requests for the same until the 17th of July, when the President mand on the 18th July is set down at 17,000 consented to order Gen. Johnston to his assist-effective men, and on the 21st to 27,000, which

ance.

Gen. Beauregard goes on to state that his plan of battle assigned to Gen. Johnston an attack on the enemy on the left, at or near Centreville, while he himself would command in front: but the condition of the roads pre

vented this.

"It was then decided to receive the attack of the enemy behind Bull Run. After the engage

*When Beauregard's report of this battle in full is made public, it will be given in the "Record"—Ed. R. R.

includes 6,200 of Johnston's army, and 1,700 brought up by Gen. Holmes from Fredericksmemorable battle are stated in the report to burg. The killed on our side in this everhave been in number 393, and the wounded 1,200. The enemy's killed, wounded, and prisoners are estimated by General Beauregard at 4,500, which does not include the missing."

NEW YORK "TIMES" NARRATIVE.

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE.

with his command taking the southern, which leads to Bull Run, and Gen. Tyler the northern-running parallel to it at a distance of about a mile and a half. The movement commenced at about 3 o'clock. I got up at a little before 4, and found the long line of troops extended far out on either road. I took the road by which Colonel Hunter, with his command, and General McDowell and staff, had gone, and pushed on directly for the front. After going.

WASHINGTON, Sunday night, July 22, 1861. The battle yesterday was one of the most severe and sanguinary ever fought on this continent, and it ended in the failure of the Union troops to hold all the positions which they sought to carry, and which they actually did carry, and in their retreat to Centreville, where they have made a stand, and where Gen. Mc-out about two miles, Colonel Hunter turned to Dowell believes that they are able to maintain themselves.

the right-marching oblique toward the run, which he was to cross some four miles higher up, and then come down upon the intrenched positions of the enemy on the other side. Col. Miles was left at Centreville and on the road, with reserves which he was to bring up whenever they might be needed. Gen. Tyler went directly forward, to engage the enemy in front, and send reinforcements to Col. Hunter whenever it should be seen that he was engaged.

As I telegraphed you yesterday, the attack was made in three columns, two of which, however, were mainly feints, intended to amuse and occupy the enemy, while the substantial work was done by the third. It has been known for a long time that the range of hills which border the small swampy stream known as Bull Run, had been very thoroughly and extensively fortified by the rebels-that I went out, as I have already stated, upon batteries had been planted at every available what is marked as the northern road. It is point, usually concealed in the woods and hilly, like all the surface of this section. After bushes which abound in that vicinity, and cov- going out about three miles, you come to a ering every way of approach to the region be-point down which the road, leading through a yond. These are the advanced defences of forest, descends; then it proceeds by a succesManassas Junction, which is some three miles sion of rising and falling knolls for a quarter of further off. Until these were carried, no ap- a mile, when it crosses a stone bridge, and then proach could be made to that place; and after rises by a steady slope to the heights beyond. they should be carried, others of a similar char-At the top of that slope the rebels had planted acter would have to be overcome at every heavy batteries, and the woods below were point where they could be erected. The ut- filled with their troops, and with concealed most that military skill and ingenuity could ac- cannon. We advanced down the road to the complish for the defence of this point was done. first of the small knolls mentioned, when the Gen. McDowell was unwilling to make an at- whole column halted. The 30-pounder Parrott tack directly in face of these batteries, as they gun, which has a longer range than any other would be of doubtful issue, and must inevitably in the army, was planted directly in the road. result in a very serious loss of life. After an Capt. Ayres' battery was stationed in the attack had been resolved upon, therefore, he woods a little to the right. The First Ohio and endeavored to find some way of turning the Second New York regiments were thrown into position. His first intention was to do this on the woods in advance on the left. The Sixtythe southern side-to throw a strong column ninth New York, the First, Second, and Third into the place from that direction, while a Connecticut regiments were ranged behind feigned attack should be made in front. On them, and the Second Wisconsin was thrown Thursday, when the troops were advanced to into the woods on the right. At about half-past Centreville, it was found that the roads on the six o'clock the 30-pounder threw two shells disouth side of these positions were almost im-rectly into the battery at the summit of the practicable-that they were narrow, crooked, slope, on the opposite height, one of which, and stony, and that it would be almost impos- as I learned afterward, struck and exploded sible to bring up enough artillery to be effective directly in the midst of the battery, and occain the time required. This original plan was, sioned the utmost havoc and confusion. After therefore, abandoned; and Friday was devoted about half an hour, Capt. Ayres threw ten or to an examination by the topographical en-fifteen shot or shell from his battery into the gineers of the northern side of the position. same place. But both failed to elicit any reply. Maj. Barnard and Capt. Whipple reconnoitred | Men could be seen moving about the opposite the place for miles around, and reported that the position could be entered by a path coming from the north, though it was somewhat long and circuitous. This was selected, therefore, as the mode and point of attack.

On Saturday the troops were all brought closely up to Centreville, and all needful preparations were made for the attack which was made this day. This morning, therefore, the army marched, by two roads, Col. Richardson

slope, but the batteries were silent. An hour or so afterward we heard three or four guns from Col. Richardson's column at Bull Run, and these were continued at intervals for two or three hours, but they were not answered, even by a single gun. It was very clear that the enemy intended to take his own time for paying his respects to us, and that he meant, moreover, to do it in his own way. Meantime we could hear in the distance the sound of Col.