whole length of one of his brigades. Two of them were shot from their horses. Col. Patton, giving the details of the incident tc Jackson, said he would have prevented the troops from firing on these audacious men if he could have controlled them; they were brave men who had got into a desperate situation, where it was as easy to capture them as to kill them. Jackson's reply was brief and cold. "Shoot them all," he said; brave."

"I don't want them to be

These were not the utterances of a hard heart, or the indication of a cruel disposition. They were nothing more than the expression of the severe and supreme idea of war. Of all high Confederate commanders, Gen. Jackson appears to have been most convinced of the necessity of fierce and relentless war. He realized fully that it was quite vain to court the enemy with shows of magnanimity, and that the only way to deal with a horde of invaders was by examples of terrour and lessons of blood. Yet no one was more attentive to the proper courtesies of war, and in no breast bared to the conflict resided a finer spirit of humanity. Judgment with him took precedence of the sensibilities, and the commands of necessity were broadly translated into the lessons of duty.

It may naturally be supposed that with Jackson's disposition to censure the officers connected with his command and the exactions he made in severe discipline and hard service he incurred many personal enmities in the army, and suffered not a little from recriminations. This was especially so before he mounted to the height of his reputation, and fought the daring and luminous campaign of the Valley. At one time detractors were busy with his name, and his reputation trembled between that of the great man and that of the weak-brained adventurer. At Port Republic he passed the crisis of greatness--that nice line in the career of genius where doubt and envy cease and the popular admiration becomes irresistible. But whatever personal animosities at any time. attended his military career, the great commander had not only the sublime Christian power to forgive, but to him who confessed his errour, he was at once a tender and affectionate friend.

A touching relation is given by an intimate friend of one of these acts of reconciliation. It was the night after the battle of Fredericksburg, and Jackson, who had just come from a council of war, where he had given the grim and laconic advice to drive

the crippled enemy into the river, and consequently expected at renewal of the contest in the morning, was engaged in meditation and prayer in his tent, as was his invariable custom, whenever circumstances allowed it, before the hour of battle. About midnight the sound of horses' hoofs was heard, a messenger from Gen. Maxcy Gregg was announced, and an officer appearing at the opening of the tent saluted Jackson, and said: "Gen. Gregg is dying, General, and sent me to say to you that he wrote you a letter recently in which he used expressions he is now sorry for. He says that he meant no disrespect by that letter, and was only doing what he considered his duty. He hopes you will forgive him." There was a moment of silence, as when a noble heart is touched by inexpressible emotions; and then turning to the messenger, Jackson said: "Tell Gen. Gregg I will be with him immediately." In a moment his horse was saddled and Jackson rode silently out in the dark and bitter night on his errand of forgiveness and consolation. What passed between the two officers-what of prayer and comfort was spoken in the solemn farewell-is not known to mortals. The spirits of both have met since and forever in the world beyond the grave.

Summing the exploits, and fairly regarding the character of Jackson, there is no doubt that he was a great man in the highest sense of those words. He had genius. All his campaigns showed one remarkable trait: an almost infallible insight into the condition and temper of his adversary. He was never successfully surprised; he was never routed in battle; he never had a train or any organized portion of his army captured by the enemy; he was always ready to fight; and he never made intrenchments. There is among men of action perhaps no more striking evidence of that subtile quality of mind, genius, than a perfect self-possession in circumstances which surprise and alarm ordinary persons; for it is the peculiarity of genius to act with intuition and rapidity, to make instant combinations, and to obtain advantage of mere intellect, by planning and executing, while the latter has taken time to meditate. Jackson was supreme in his self-possession; never more calm and complacent than when beset by circumstances which to his companions in arms were the occasions of the utmost trepidation. When his little army was nearly cut to pieces at Kernstown, he bivouacked it, the night after the battle, close

enough to the lines of the victour to hear the conversation of the Federal soldiers at their camp-fires, and went to sleep in a fencecorner with as much unconcern as if there were no enemy within a hundred miles. At Harper's Ferry a courier dashed into his presence with the alarming intelligence that McClellan's whole army was within a few miles of him. The news was more than probable; it would have been literally true if the Federal army had not been delayed in the mountain passes by the tenacious and almost superhuman courage of a small Confederate force. Jackson received the report perfectly at his ease; with such calmness, indeed, as to abash the messenger, and only called after him, as he was retiring, to know "whether McClellan had a drove of cattle with him," as if anticipating the capture of so much subsistence for his almost starving army.

A certain popular opinion has gained ground that Jackson's military faculty was a partial one; that he was splendid in execution of any work designated for him, and was thus an important. auxiliary of Lee, but that he was but little competent to originate. and plan. This estimate is unjust, and has no foundation whatever in fact. Jackson had all the qualities of a great General, and the war produced no military genius more complete, or more diversified in its accomplishments. He planned as brilliantly as he executed. His campaign in the Valley (although the general design was inspired by Johnston) was an independent one, and is remarkable for its clear-cut plan, and movements as precise in their adjustment as a diagram of Euclid. The great stroke of generalship at Chancellorsville-the flank attack that came from the Wilderness as a blaze of lightning-originated with Jackson, and not with Gen. Lee. It was proposed by the former in a council of war, and was but a repetition of those sudden and mortal blows, which, dealt in the crisis of the contest, had made all his victories, and completed the circle of his fame.

The death of Gen. Jackson was an irreparable loss to the Confederacy; and even in distant communities it was mourned as the extinction of one of the great men of the world. His fame extended to the most cultivated parts of Europe, and the severe press of the Old World freely admitted him into the company of the greatest characters of history. The London Times had designated him as the "Heaven-born General" of the Confederacy.

The London Herald held up his great fame, in contrast to the barren boastfulness of the North, and said: "The Northern Republic has produced no heroes of the stamp of Jackson. One such man might be the salvation of them yet. Blatant demagogues at home, bragging imbeciles in the field, afford a spectacle so absurd, yet so painful, that Europe knows not whether to laugh or weep at the degradation of her children. The Northerners want a man to do a man's work. The only great men of the war

have been developed in the South."

At a public meeting held in England, this resolution was put on record: "That we have heard with profound regret of the death of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas Jonathan Jackson, of the Confederate States of North America; a man of pure and upright mind, devoted as a citizen to his duty, cool and brave as a soldier, able and energetic as a leader, of whom his opponents say he was 'sincere and true and valiant.'" We quote this language not only for its clear sum of Jackson's qualities, but for its peculiar allusion to the testimony of that enemy, against whom the dead hero had contended in honourable arms. The tribute was taken as the generous admission of an antagonist; the rancour and insolence of the conqueror may recall it, and entitle Jackson "the rebel;" but the world will think the greatest victory on the part of the North, the highest gift of peace, the most enduring fruit of reconciliation, would have been to have won such names as Jackson and Lee for the common glory of America, to have made the heroes of the South the heroes of the nation, and to have woven a common ornament of whatever was brilliant and admirable on both sides of a war distressful and deplorable in every respect except in its examples of genius and heroism.

1

GENERAL PETER G. T. BEAUREGARD.

CHAPTER XX.

Early life of P. G. T. Beauregard.-His gallantry and promotions in the Mexican War.Life in Louisiana.-Appointment in the Confederate Army.-Defences of Charles. ton.-Battle of Fort Sumter.-Gen. Beauregard takes command in Virginia.—Hıs contempt of "the Yankees."-A grotesque letter.-Popular sentiment concerning the war.-Explanation of the sudden disappearance of the Union party in the South.-Gen. Beauregard's declaration of the purposes of the war.-' "Beauty and Booty."-A Northern journal on Butler vs. Beauregard.-Battle of Manassas.Complimentary letter from President Davis.-The popularity of Gen. Beauregard alarms the vanity of the President.-A scandalous quarrel.-Gen. Beauregard's political "card" in the Richmond newspapers.

A NORTHERN periodical, commenting upon the most active period of the late war, remarked: "No one who reads the voluminous reports of Scott's campaign in Mexico can fail to observe the frequency with which special honourable mention is made of three young officers of engineers-Captain R. E. Lee, First-Lieutenant Beauregard, and brevet Second-Lieutenant G. B. McClellan. Lee seems to have been the special favourite of the veteran General. . . The careful reader of the whole series of dispatches respecting the campaign in Mexico will come to the conclusion that the three men who, after the veteran General, displayed the highest military talents, were the three young officers of engineers: Lee, Beauregard, and McClellan."

The second of this trio of celebrities, Peter Gustavus Toutant Beauregard, was born in the parish of St. Bernard, Louisiana, in May, 1818. His father was James Toutant Beauregard, of French descent, and his mother, Mary Helen Judith de Reggio, a lady of Italian descent.

The early history of Louisiana contains the names of his ancestors. Both on his father's and mother's sides they occupied con