of that rank; General McClellan and tence; Surgeon J. J. B. Wright, Chief General Fremont, both appointed the 14th of the previous May preceding him. The familiarity of General Halleck with civil affairs, and his legal acumen, no doubt favored his appointment to a position where judgment in council was as likely to be called for as ability in the field. In his political opinions, General Halleck was understood to belong to the Democratic party.

Medical Director; T. P. Andrews, Chief Paymaster; Lieutenant-Colonel J. B. McPherson, Assistant Engineer; Colonel George Thom and Colonel R. D. Cutts of the Topographical Department; Captain F. D. Callender, Chief of Ordnance, and Lieutenant-Colonel James Totten, Chief of Artillery, whose services in the campaigns of General Lyons in the State will be remembered; were the other members.

Summoned from San Francisco by the Government, General Halleck arrived at One of the earliest of General HalWashington on the 5th of November, and leck's orders for the regulation of the was immediately after, as we have stated, army excited no little interest at the placed in the charge of the Department time, as it was taken as a manifestation of Missouri. Thither he proceeded, tak- of his opinions on the disputed question, ing command at St. Louis on the 19th, now rapidly growing in importance, of when he at once became actively engaged the treatment of the slave population in placing the army at his disposal on an or their reception and encouragement by efficient footing to check the aggressive the military authorities within the lines. movements of the rebels and the spirit This much talked of General Order No. of revolt in the State, which had been en- 3, dated at St. Louis the 20th of Novemcouraged by the renewed efforts of Gen- ber, ran as follows: "I. It has been eral Price in the southwest. The staff represented that important information of General Halleck included a number respecting the numbers and condition of of West Point officers of distinction, sev- our forces is conveyed to the enemy by eral of whom had been his classmates in means of fugitive slaves, who are adthat institution. At the head of these mitted within our lines. In order to was Brigadier-General George W. Cul- remedy this evil, it is directed that no lum, an eminent engineer officer who had such persons be hereafter permitted to been engaged in the construction of the enter the lines of any camp, or of any most important forts of the country, and forces on the march, and that any now had served on the staff of General Scott. within such lines be immediately excludThe assistant chief of staff, Brigadier- ed therefrom. II. The General ComGeneral Schuyler Hamilton, a graduate manding wishes to impress upon all offiof West Point, was one of the aids of cers in command of posts and troops in General Scott through the Mexican war. the field the importance of preventing Not at the time attached to the regular unauthorized persons of every descriparmy, on the breaking out of the rebel- tion from entering and leaving our lines, lion, he went to Washington as a private and of observing the greatest precaution in the New York 7th Militia, when he in the employment of agents and clerks was again taken on the staff of General in confidential positions." The meaning Scott with the rank of Lieutenant-Col- of this order was intelligible enough, but onel. Captain J. C. Kelton, Assistant it was thought by many to be ill judged Adjutant General at Headquarters; Captain W. McMichael and S. M. Preston, Assistant Adjutant General; Major Robert Allen, Chief Quartermaster; Captain Thomas J. Haines, Chief of Subsis

as it obviously abandoned an important means of weakening the resources of the enemy, who, if their slaves remained quietly at home in their usual agricultural pursuits, might with less inconveni

GENERAL HALLECK'S ORDERS.

they abet and countenance these acts in others. Although less bold they are equally guilty. It is, therefore, ordered and directed that the Provost Marshal immediately inquire into the condition of the persons so driven from their homes, and that measures be taken to quarter them in the houses and to feed and clothe them at the expense of avowed secessionists, and of those who are found guilty of giving aid, assistance and encouragement to the enemy." A further A further order of General Halleck issued December 12th, stated that the suffering families driven by the rebels from southwest Missouri, which had already arrived, had been supplied by voluntary contributions made by Union men; that others were on their way, to arrive in a few days, who "must be supplied by charity from men known to be hostile to the Union." A list would be prepared of the terms. Upon those who did not voluntarily furnish their quota a contribution was directed to be levied of ten thousand dollars, in clothing, provisions and quarters, or money in lieu thereof. The levy was to be made upon three classes of persons "in proportion to the guilt and property of each individual: first, those in arms with the enemy who have property in St. Louis; second, those who have furnished pecuniary or other aid to the enemy, or to persons in the enemy's service; third, those who have verbally, in writing or by publication, given encouragement to the insurgents and rebels." BrigadierGeneral Curtis, B. G. Farrar, Provost Marshal, and Charles Berg, Assessor of the county, were appointed a Board of Assessors to levy the contributions. In case they were not promptly delivered, an execution was to issue, and sufficient property taken to satisfy the assessment. Where buildings, or parts of buildings, were used, or the sufferers quartered on families, care, it was enjoined, should be taken "to produce as little inconvenience to the owners or families as possible, this

not being considered a military contribu-
tion levied upon the enemy, but merely
a collection to be made from friends of
the enemy for charitable purposes." Any
person so assessed might file with the
Provost Marshal an affidavit of his loy-
alty, and be allowed one week to vindi-
cate his character. If at the end of
that time he should not be able to satisfy
the Board of his loyalty, the assessment
was to be increased ten per cent., and
made immediately.
made immediately. Any one attempt-
ing to resist the execution of these orders
was to be immediately imprisoned, and
tried by a military commission. The
order was not suffered to remain a dead
letter. The tax was imposed upon a
number of the wealthiest sympathizers
with the rebellion.

To meet the mischievous insurrectionary spirit of a portion of the people of the State, General Halleck by his General Order of December 4th, provided for the treatment of rebels and spies within the camps and lines of the army, who were engaged in giving aid to the enemy by sending him information, laying waste the country and harassing loyal citizens. "All such persons," was the language of the Order, "are by the laws of war in every civilized country, liable to capital punishment. The mild and indulgent course heretofore pursued toward this class of men, has utterly failed to restrain them from such unlawful conduct. The safety of the country and the protection of the lives and property of loyal citizens, justify and require the enforcement of a more severe policy. Peace and war cannot exist together. We cannot at the same time extend to rebels the rights of peace, and enforce against them the penalties of war. They have forfeited their civil rights as citizens, by making war against the Government, and upon their own heads must fall the consequences." Commanding officers were directed to arrest all such persons, and their arms and their personal property required by the army were to be taken

possession of, and after condemnation partment, General Pope was assigned to by a military commission, to be applied the command of the forces in Northern to the public use. "All persons found Missouri. His Proclamation at St. in disguise as pretended loyal citizens Charles, on the 19th of July, on entering or under other false pretences, within upon this duty announced his determinaour lines, giving information to or com- tion to maintain the authority of the municating with the enemy, will be Government in that region, which was arrested, tried, comdemned, and shot much disturbed by insurgent marauders, as spies. It should be remembered that by the most effective measures. I warn in this respect, the laws of war make no all persons," said he, all persons," said he, "taken in arms distinction of sex. All are liable to the against the Federal authority, who atsame penalty." Such were the vigorous tempt to commit depredation upon public regulations prescribed by General Hal- or private property, or who molest unofleck for the protection and preservation fending and peaceful citizens, that they of the State of Missouri. To enforce will be dealt with in the most summary them, or rather to prevent the occasion manner, without awaiting civil process. for their enforcement, it was necessary For the safety of the important line of that he should at once send a sufficient communication of the Hannibal and St. army into the insurgent districts, and to Joseph's railroad, he assigned Brigadierthis he earnestly directed his efforts. General Hurlburt to the command of a The most important of the military move- sufficient force, stationed at different ments which, before the end of the points, for the protection of the road. month, effectually arrested the depredations of the enemy, was entrusted to an officer destined to become a prominent actor in the War for the Union.

General John Pope, who was employed to defeat the plans of General Price and his associates, was born in Kentucky, about the year 1822. He entered the Military Academy at West Point from Illinois, in 1838, and graduated in due course in 1842, with the appointment of Brevet 2d Lieutenant of Engineers. He was with the army of General Taylor in the Mexican war, was brevetted 1st Lieutenant, for gallant and meritorious conduct at Monterey, and also received the brevet rank of Captain for like services at Buena Vista. In 1856, he was appointed to the full rank of Captain in the corps of Engineers. When the army was called into the field for the suppression of the Rebellion, Captain Pope's name was on the first list of appointments of May 17th, 1861, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He was immediately engaged in active service in Missouri.

In July, shortly after the appointment of General Fremont to the Western De

General Pope's plan in case of a continuance of the outrages committed, was to hold the people of the country where they occurred responsible. Committees of Safety were appointed in the districts, and influential Secessionists placed upon them charged to preserve the peace. Accordingly, when on the 18th of August, General Pope received word that a train conveying troops on the railroad, had been fired into by a band of secessionists near Palmyra, and one soldier killed and several wounded; he immediately ordered General Hurlburt to take a sufficient force to Marion county and quarter them on the people, levying a contribution of horses, mules, and provisions, and other things of use to the soldiers, to the amount of ten thousand dollars, and five thousand dollars on the citizens of Palmyra as a penalty for the outrage. The result of this was, that the citizens set themselves earnestly at work to hunt out the miscreants and repress the disorder. An infamous outrage on the 3d of September, in the partial destruction by fire, by the insurgents of the railway bridge, at Little Platte river,

near St. Josephs, so that a passenger train at night was precipitated into the abyss, killing 17, and wounding many others, exhibited the necessity for the strong measures of suppression set on foot by General Pope.

Allowances were to be made for a defective military organization, the supposed want of arms, the enforced retreat southward, the blockade of the river, and the presence of an armed foe. But six months had passed, the harvests had On the 7th of December, General been reaped, the Confederate army had Pope was assigned by General Halleck sustained itself in the field, the country to the command of all the national forces was groaning from the inflictions of the between the Missouri and Osage, em- enemy, and where were the fifty thousbracing a considerable part of the army and men? In every form of adjuration, led by General Fremont to Springfield. by appeals to patriotism, to pride, to General Price was then on his advance interest, the fifty thousand were sumfrom the South, threatening to occupy moned. "Where," he asked, "are those this central region with his marauders; fifty thousand men? Are Missourians and it was with the view of interposing no longer true to themselves? Are they between his army on the Osage and the a timid, time-serving race, fit only for recruits, represented as between four subjugation to a despot? Awake, my and six thousand strong, with a large countrymen, to a sense of what constitrain of supplies, on their way to him tutes the dignity of true greatness of a from the Missouri river, that General people! A few men have fought your Pope projected an expedition which was battles. A few have dared the dangers attended with the most brilliant success. of the battle-field. A few have borne It was an important moment in the the hardships of the camp,-the scorchaffairs of Missouri. The rebel General ing of the sun of summer, the frosts of Price, with indomitable energy, was winter, the privations incident to our straining every effort to rouse the dis- circumstances, fatigue, hunger and thirst, affected to arms. His proclamation of often without blankets, without shoes, November was one of the most stirring with the cold, wet earth for a bed, the appeals of the war if words could have sky for a covering, and a stone for a mustered a great army, the Confederate pillow; glad only to meet the enemy in cause would have been assured in Mis- the field, where some paid the noblest souri. He began by reminding his "fel- devotion known among men on earth to low-citizens" of his call in June to the cause of your country and your command a handful of Missourians, rights with their lives. But where one who nobly gave up home and comfort has been lost by battle, many have been to espouse, in that gloomy hour, the lost by disease induced by privation. cause of their bleeding country, strug- During all these trials we murmured gling with the most causeless and cruel not. We offered all we had on earth despotism known among civilized men." at the altar of our common country, our Their chief magistrate, he said, alluding own beloved Missouri; and we only now to Governor Jackson, has called for fifty ask our fellow citizens, our brethren, to thousand men, and to that call less come to us, and help maintain what we than five thousand responded out of a have gained, to win our glorious inherimale population exceeding two hundred tance from the cruel hand of the spoiler thousand. One in forty only stepped and oppressor. Come to us, brave sons forward to defend with their persons and of the Missouri valley! Rally to our their lives the cause of constitutional standard! I must have, fifty thousand liberty and human rights." There were men. I call upon you, in the name of difficulties, he admitted, at the outset. your country, for fifty thousand men.