Still in these dim old eyes, now overwrought By tyrannous faction, and the brawling crowd, And though the long, long conflict hath been spent In vain, and never more, save when the cloud Which overhangs the Apennine my mind's eye Unto my native soil, they have not yet And the night cometh; I am old in days, The world hath left me, what it found me, pure, I sought it not by any baser lure; Man wrongs, and Time avenges, and my name And make men's fickle breath the wind that blows In bloody chronicles of ages past. I would have had my Florence great and free; 1 Oh Florence Florence! unto me thou wast Like that Jerusalem which the Almighty He Wept over," but thou wouldst not; as the bird Gathers its young, I would have gather'd thee Beneath a parent pinion, hadst thou heard My voice; but as the adder, deaf and fierce, Against the breast that cherish'd thee was stirr'd Thy venom, and my state thou didst amerce, And doom this body forfeit to the fire. Alas! how bitter is his country's curse To him who for that country would expire, But did not merit to expire by her, And loves her, loves her even in her ire! The day may come when she will cease to err, The day may come she would be proud to have The dust she dooms to scatter, and transfer 2 Of him, whom she denied a home, the grave. But this shall not be granted; let my dust Lie where it falls; nor shall the soil which gave Me breath, but in her sudden fury thrust Me forth to breathe elsewhere, so reassume My indignant bones, because her angry gust Forsooth is over, and repeal'd her doom; Cader tra' bouni è pur di lode degno." Sonnet of Dante, in which he represents Right, Generosity, and Temperance as banished from among men, and seeking refuge from Love, who inhabits his bosom. 2 "Ut si quis predictorum ullo tempore in fortiam dicti communis pervenerit, talis perveniens igne comburatur, sic quod moriatur." Second sentence of Florence against Dante, and the fourteen accused with him. The Latin is worthy of the sentence. [On the 27th of January, 1302, Dante was mulcted eight thousand lire, and condemned to two years' banishment; and in case the fine was not paid, his goods were to be confiscated. On the eleventh of March, the same year, he was sentenced to a punishment due only to the most desperate of malefactors. The decree, that he and his associates in exile should be burned, if they fell into the hands of their enemies, was first discovered, in 1772, by the Conte Ludovico No, she denied me what was mine-my roof, The breast which would have bled for her, the heart These things are not made for forgetfulness, And sometimes the last pangs of a vile foe But on the pillow of Revenge - Revenge, When we shall mount again, and they that trod For Florence. 4- I appeal from her to Thee! Thee whom I late saw in thy loftiest reign, Even in that glorious vision, which to see And live was never granted until now, And yet thou hast permitted this to me. Alas! with what a weight upon my brow The sense of earth and earthly things come back, Corrosive passions, feelings dull and low, The heart's quick throb upon the mental rack, Long day, and dreary night; the retrospect Savioli. See Tiraboschi, where the sentence is given at iength.] 3 [Under the pretence of opposing the power of Sylla Marius, who had been five times elected to the consulship. aimed at the sovereign power. Stapylton says, that the Minturnian fens, in which he was discovered by Sylla's emis saries, were in Switzerland ! For this accurate piece of topography, he was indebted to the old scholiast. The spe however, lies on the right hand of the ferry of Garigliano, as you go from Rome to Naples. — GIFFORD.] [In one so highly endowed by nature, and so consummate by instruction, we may well sympathise with a resentiment which exile and poverty rendered perpetually fresh. But the heart of Dante was naturally sensible, and even tender; his poetry is full of comparisons from rural life; and the sincerity of his early passion for Beatrice pierces through the veil et allegory that surrounds her. But the memory of his injuries pursued him into the immensity of eternal light; and in the company of saints and angels, his unforgiving spirit darkcas at the name of Florence. — HALLAM.] Of half a century bloody and black, Hoary and hopeless, but less hard to bear, On the lone rock of desolate Despair, To lift my eyes more to the passing sail Which shall preserve these times when not a page Worthless as they who wrought it: 'tis the doom In life, to wear their hearts out, and consume known The name of him- who now is but a name, And wasting homage o'er the sullen stone, Spread his by him unheard, unheeded—fame; And mine at least hath cost me dear: to die Is nothing; but to wither thus — to tame My mind down from its own infinity — To live in narrow ways with little men, A common sight to every common eye, A wanderer, while even wolves can find a den, Ripp'd from all kindred, from all home, all things That make communion sweet, and soften pain To feel me in the solitude of kings Without the power that makes them bear a crownTo envy every dove his nest and wings Which waft him where the Apennine looks down On Arno, till he perches, it may be, Within my all inexorable town, Where yet my boys are, and that fatal she,1 Their mother, the cold partner who hath brought Destruction for a dowry 2- this to see And feel, and know without repair, hath taught A bitter lesson; but it leaves me free: I have not vilely found, nor basely sought, They made an Exile-not a slave of me. Corso This lady, whose name was Gemma, sprung from one of the most powerful Guelf families, named Donati. Donati was the principal adversary of the Ghibellines. She is described as being" Admodum morosa, ut de Xantippe Socratis philosophi conjuge scriptum esse legimus," according to Giannozzo Manetti. But Lionardo Aretino is scandalised with Boccace, in his life of Dante, for saying that literary men should not marry. "Qui il Boccaccio non ha pazienza, e dice, le mogli esser contrarie agli studj; e non si ricorda che Socrate il più nobile filosofo che mai fosse, ebbe moglie e figliuoli e uffici della Repubblica nella sua Città; e Aristotele che, &c. &c. ebbe due mogli in varj tempi, ed ebbe figliuoli, e ricchezze assai. E Marco Tullio-e Catone-e Varrone, e Seneca-ebbero moglie," &c. &c. It is odd that honest Lionardo's examples, with the exception of Seneca, and, for any thing I know, of Aristotle, are not the most felicitous. Tully's Terentia, and Socrates' Xantippe, by no means contributed to their husbands' happiness, whatever they might Forth from the abyss of time which is to be, The chaos of events, where lie half-wrought Shapes that must undergo mortality; What the great Seers of Israel wore within, That spirit was on them, and is on me, And if, Cassandra-like, amidst the din Of conflict none will hear, or hearing heed This voice from out the Wilderness, the sin Be theirs, and my own feelings be my meed, The only guerdon I have ever known. Hast thou not bled? and hast thou still to bleed, Italia? Ah! to me such things, foreshown With dim sepulchral light, bid me forget In thine irreparable wrongs my own; We can have but one country, and even yet Thou'rt mine-my bones shall be within thy breast, My soul within thy language, which once set With our old Roman sway in the wide West; But I will make another tongue arise As lofty and more sweet, in which express'd The hero's ardour, or the lover's sighs, Shall find alike such sounds for every theme That every word, as brilliant as thy skies, Shall realise a poet's proudest dream, And make thee Europe's nightingale of song; So that all present speech to thine shall seem The note of meaner birds, and every tongue Confess its barbarism when compared with thine. This shalt thou owe to him thou didst so wrong, Thy Tuscan Bard, the banish'd Ghibelline. Woe! woe! the veil of coming centuries Is rent,,—a thousand years which yet supine Lie like the ocean waves ere winds arise, Heaving in dark and sullen undulation, Float from eternity into these eyes; [tion, The storms yet sleep, the clouds still keep their sta- Revived in thee, blooms forth to man restored: And form'd the Eternal City's ornaments From spoils of kings whom freemen overthrew ; Birthplace of heroes, sanctuary of saints, as to their philosophy-Cato gave away his wife of Varro's we know nothing-and of Seneca's only that she was disposed to die with him, but recoverea, and lived several years afterwards. But, says Lionardo, L'uomo è animale civile, secondo piace a tutti i filosofi,' And thence concludes that the greatest proof of the animal's civism is la prima congiunzione, dalla quale multiplicata nasce a Città.” 2 [The violence of Gemma's temper proved a source of the bitterest suffering to Dante; and in that passage of the Inferno, where one of the characters says — 'La fiera moglie più ch' altro, mi nuoce, Of savage temper, more than aught beside, his own conjugal unhappiness must have recurred forcibly and painfully to his mind. — CARY.] Where earthly first, then heavenly glory made Her home; thou, all which fondest fancy paints, And finds her prior vision but portray'd In feeble colours, when the eye- from the Alp Of horrid snow, and rock, and shaggy shade Of desert-loving pine, whose emerald scalp Nods to the storm dilates and dotes o'er thee, And wistfully implores, as 't were for help, To see thy sunny fields, my Italy, Nearer and nearer yet, and dearer still The more approach'd, and dearest were they free, By the old barbarians, there awaits the new, Of Tiber, thick with dead; the helpless priest, But those, the human savages, explore All paths of torture, and insatiate yet, Nine moons shall rise o'er scenes like this and set; 1 Had but the royal Rebel lived, perchance From Brennus to the Bourbon, never, never But Tiber shall become a mournful river. Oh! when the strangers pass the Alps and Po, Crush them, ye rocks! floods whelm them, and for Why sleep the idle avalanches so, To topple on the lonely pilgrim's head? [ever! And makes your land impregnable, if earth Could be so; but alone she will not war, Yet aids the warrior worthy of his birth In a soil where the mothers bring forth men: Not so with those whose souls are little worth; For them no fortress can avail, the den Of the poor reptile which preserves its sting Is more secure than walls of adamant, when The hearts of those within are quivering. Are ye not brave? Yes, yet the Ausonian soil Hath hearts, and hands, and arms, and hosts to Against Oppression; but how vain the toil, [bring While still Division sows the seeds of woe And weakness, till the stranger reaps the spoil! Oh my own beauteous land! so long laid low, So long the grave of thy own children's hopes, When there is but required a single blow To break the chain, yet - yet the Avenger stops, And Doubt and Discord step 'twixt thine and thee, And join their strength to that which with thee What is there wanting then to set thee free, [copes; And show thy beauty in its fullest light? To make the Alps impassable; and we, Her sons, may do this with one deed CANTO THE THIRD. Unite. And flow again, I cannot all record That crowds on my prophetic eye: the earth And ocean written o'er would not afford Space for the annal, yet it shall go forth; Yes, all, though not by human pen, is graven, There where the farthest suns and stars have birth, Spread like a banner at the gate of heaven, The bloody scroll of our millennial wrongs Waves, and the echo of our groans is driven Athwart the sound of archangelic songs, And Italy, the martyr'd nation's gore, Will not in vain arise to where belongs Omnipotence and mercy evermore : Like to a harpstring stricken by the wind, Is not as once it shone o'er thee, forgive! MDXXVII, scritto da Jacopo Buonaparte, gentiluomo Samminiatese, che vi si trovò presente.' An edition of it was printed at Cologne in 1756, to which is prefixed a genealogy of the Buonaparte family.] Yet for a moment, ere I must resume Thy sable web of sorrow, let me take Over the gleams that flash athwart thy gloom A softer glimpse; some stars shine through thy And many meteors, and above thy tomb [night. Leans sculptured Beauty, which Death cannot blight: And from thine ashes boundless spirits rise To give thee honour, and the earth delight; Thy soil shall still be pregnant with the wise, The gay, the learn'd, the generous, and the brave, Native to thee as summer to thy skies, Conquerors on foreign shores, and the far wave, 1 Discoverers of new worlds, which take their name; For thee alone they have no arm to save, And all thy recompense is in their fame, A noble one to them, but not to theeShall they be glorious, and thou still the same? Oh! more than these illustrious far shall be The being and even yet he may be born. By fresh barbarians, on thy brow replaced; Yet through this centuried eclipse of woe And make it broader: the same brilliant sky Which cheers the birds to song shall bid them glow, And raise their notes as natural and high; Tuneful shall be their numbers; they shall sing Many of love, and some of liberty, But few shall soar upon that eagle's wing, And look in the sun's face with eagle's gaze, And language, eloquently false, evince The harlotry of genius, which, like beauty, And looks on prostitution as a duty. He who once enters in a tyrant's hall 3 As guest is slave, his thoughts become a booty, To smooth the verse to suit his sovereign's ease [bles, Thus trammell'd, thus condemn'd to Flattery's treHe toils through all, still trembling to be wrong: For fear some noble thoughts, like heavenly rebels, Should rise up in high treason to his brain, He sings, as the Athenian spoke, with pebbles In's mouth, lest truth should stammer thro' his strain. Alexander of Parma, Spinola, Pescara, Eugene of Savoy, Montecucco. * Columbus, Americus Vespasius, Sebastian Cabot. A verse from the Greek tragedians, with which Pompey took leave of Cornelia on entering the boat in which he was slain. But out of the long file of sonneteers And Italy shall hail him as the Chief Of Freedom wreathe him with as green a leaf. But in a farther age shall rise along The banks of Po two greater still than he; The first will make an epoch with his lyre, Flutter her lovely pinions o'er his theme, Revive a song of Sion, and the sharp Conflict, and final triumph of the brave Of years, of favour, freedom, even of fame Harder to bear and less deserved, for I Had stung the factions which I strove to quell; But this meek man, who with a lover's eye Will look on earth and heaven, and who will deign As poor a thing as e'er was spawn'd to reign, Yet it will be so-he and his compeer, In penury and pain too many a year, And, dying in despondency, bequeath To the kind world, which scarce will yield a tear, A heritage enriching all who breathe With the wealth of a genuine poet's soul, And to their country a redoubled wreath, Unmatch'd by time; not Hellas can unroll Through her olympiads two such names, though one Of hers be mighty; and is this the whole Of such men's destiny beneath the sun 76 The verse and sentiment are taken from Homer. 5 Petrarch. ["Why is it necessary to adopt the invidious and too common practice of weighing the transcendent talents of Ariosto and Tasso in opposite, and as it were contending, scales? Must all the finer thoughts, the thrilling sense, The electric blood with which their arteries run, Their body's self-tuned soul with the intense Feeling of that which is, and fancy of That which should be, to such a recompense Conduct? shall their bright plumage on the rough Storm be still scatter'd ? Yes, and it must be; For, form'd of far too penetrable stuff, These birds of Paradise but long to flee Back to their native mansion, soon they find Earth's mist with their pure pinions not agree, And die or are degraded; for the mind Succumbs to long infection, and despair. And vulture passions flying close behind, Await the moment to assail and tear; And when at length the winged wanderers stoop, Then is the prey-birds' triumph, then they share The spoil, o'erpower'd at length by one fell swoop. Yet some have been untouch'd who learn'd to bear, Some whom no power could ever force to droop, Who could resist themselves even, hardest care! And task most hopeless; but some such have been, And if my name amongst the number were, That destiny austere, and yet serene, Were prouder than more dazzling fame unbless'd; The Alp's snow summit nearer heaven is seen Than the volcano's fierce eruptive crest, Whose splendour from the black abyss is flung, While the scorch'd mountain, from whose burning breast A temporary torturing flame is wrung, Shines for a night of terror, then repels Its fire back to the hell from whence it sprung, The hell which in its entrails ever dwells. CANTO THE FOURTH. MANY are poets who have never penn'd Their inspiration, and perchance the best: They felt, and loved, and died, but would not lend Their thoughts to meaner beings; they compress'd The god within them, and rejoin'd the stars Unlaurell'd upon earth, but far more bless'd Than those who are degraded by the jars Of passion, and their frailties link'd to fame, Conquerors of high renown, but full of scars. Many are poets, but without the name, For what is poesy but to create Reader! if you have already had the delight of perusing the last production of Lord Byron's muse, how must you have admired those exquisitely beautiful and affecting portraitures of the two matchless poets which conclude the third canto of the Prophecy of Dante!' We there see them contrasted without such invidious comparison, or depreciation of the one to exalt the other; and characterised in numbers, style, and sentiment, so wonderfully Dantesque, that mastering our uncongenial language, and habitual modes of thought as well as expression-they seem to have been inspired by the very genius of the inarrivabile Dante himself." GLENBERVIE, Ricciardetto, p. 106.] 1 The cupola of St. Peter's. 2 ["If," says Sir Joshua Reynolds, "the high admiration and esteem in which Michael Angelo has been held by all nations, and in all ages, should be put to the account of prejudice, it must still be granted that those prejudices could not have been entertained without a cause: the ground of our prejudice then becomes the source of our admiration. But from whatever it proceeds, or whatever it is called, it will not, I hope, be thought presumptuous in me to appear in the train, I cannot say of his imitators, but of his admirers. I have taken another course, one more suited to my abilities, and to the taste of the times in which I live. Yet, however unequal I From overfeeling good or ill; and aim At an external life beyond our fate, And be the new Prometheus of new men, Bestowing fire from heaven, and then, too late, Finding the pleasure given repaid with pain, And vultures to the heart of the bestower, Who, having lavish'd his high gift in vain, Lies chain'd to his lone rock by the sea-shore? So be it we can bear. But thus all they Whose intellect is an o'ermastering power Which still recoils from its encumbering clay Or lightens it to spirit, whatsoe'er The form which their creations may essay, Are bards; the kindled marble's bust may wear More poesy upon its speaking brow Than aught less than the Homeric page may bear; One noble stroke with a whole life may glow, Or deify the canvas till it shine With beauty so surpassing all below, That they who kneel to idols so divine Break no commandment, for high heaven is there Transfused, transfigurated: and the line Of poesy, which peoples but the air With thought and beings of our thought reflected, Art shall resume and equal even the sway Ye shall be taught by Ruin to revive In Roman works wrought by Italian hands, Such as all flesh shall flock to kneel in: ne'er As this, to which all nations shall repair 3 The statue of Moses on the monument of Julius II. SONETTO Di Giovanni Battista Zappi. Chi è costui, che in dura pietra scolto, Acque ei sospese a se d' intorno, e tale 1 |