Abatis, the use of, in battle, 20.
Alexandria, Va., captured by Federal
troops, 30.

Antietam, map of manoeuvres on, 199;
the battle of, 208; the positions
of the two armies, 208; Lee's force
at, 209; the movement across the
Antietam on Lee's left flank, 209;
the desperate struggle between
McClellan's right and Lee's left,
212; Sumner's appearance before
the Confederate left, 213; Burnside
at the lower stone bridge, 219; the
operations on McClellan's left un-
der Burnside, 219; Franklin ar-
rives and re-enforces McClellan's
right, 219; McClellan's urgent or-
der to Burnside-the latter's de-
lay to advance on Lee's right, 220;
Burnside driven back by Confed-
erate re-enforcements, 221; the
losses of both armies, 221; Lee's
withdrawal to Virginia, 222;
McClellan's intentions as to re-
newed attack, 222.

Archduke Charles, the, on duties of a
general, 131.

Army of Northern Virginia-see Con-
federate army.

Army of the Potomac in History, 13;
its adversary, 16; organization of
the, 60; engineer establishment
of the, 65; artillery organization
of the, 65; brigade organization of
the, 65; strength and condition of,
on McClellan assuming command,
62; strength available for ad-
vance, 70; army corps, McClel-
lan's intentions, 64; first disposi
tion of the, 27; first crossed into
Virginia, 30; Manassas campaign
-see Manassas; inactivity during
winter of 1861-2, reasons ad-

vanced for, 71; comparative disci-
pline in 1861 and 1862, 72; organ-
ization into four corps by the Pres-
ident, 88; resumes its positions of
previous to battle of Fair Oaks,
139; strength, June 26, 1861, 142;
Gaines' Mills battle, 149; right
wing on the south bank of Chicka-
hominy River, 153; retreat to the
James commenced, 154; order of
march across White Oak Swamp,
155; concentrated at Malvern Hill
-the battle of, 160; withdraws
from Malvern Hill to Harrison's
Bar, 164 its bravery and endur-
ance on the Peninsula, 166; num-
ber brought back to Harrison's
Landing, 167; ordered to with-
draw to Aquia Creek, 171; trans-
ferred to Aquia Creek and Alex-
andria, via Fortress Monroe, 174;
Army of Virginia absorbed into,
193; movement towards Frederick,
197; moves towards Harper's Fer-
ry, 201; arrives at South Moun-
tain, 202; at Antietam, 208; posi-
tion after battle of Antietam, 225;
reorganization of operations after
Antietam, 225; crossed the Poto-
mac into Virginia, 226; McClellan
removed and Burnside appointed
to command, 227; its change of
base to Fredericksburg, 230; reor-
ganized by Burnside into three
grand divisions, 231; moves from
Warrenton, 233; the battle of Fred-
ericksburg, 238; "mud march,"
258; Hooker placed in command,
261; spirit of the officers under
Burnside, 262; Chancellorsville
campaign, 267; cavalry, Hooker's-
organization of the, 268; the
badge system and its value, 268

174; battle of, 173.

Cedar Run, attack on Warren at, 382.
Cemetery Ridge, see Gettysburg, 336.
Centreville, Pope pauses at after Ma-
nassas No. 2, 192; the flank march
on, 376; Meade strongly posted at,
385.
Chancellorsville, Hooker's plan of op-
erations against Lee's left, 271;
passage of Ely's Ford, 272; pas-
of Germanna Ford, 272; passage of
United States Ford, 273; Hooker
in reverse of Lee's position, 273;
Franklin's movement on Lee's
front to cover flank march, 274;
Hooker jubilant of success, 275;
topography of the field, 277;
Hooker commences pushing to-
wards open country near Fred-
ericksburg, 277; observations on
the battle, 303; Hooker's order to
abandon position gained towards
open Fredericksburg, 279; strat-
egic faults of the position, 280;
Hooker's incomprehensible col-
lapse on Lee's advance towards
him, 280; Hooker's line of battle,
281; Jackson's march on Hooker's
flank and rear-his force, 283;
Jackson's attack on Hooker's right
rear, 286; rout of the Eleventh
Corps-not half were Germans,
286; Jackson's pursuit of the de-
feated right checked, 288; Jack-
son's attempt to cut Hooker from
United States Ford, 289; Sedg-
wick's movement on Lee's rear,
292; Sedgwick met at Salem
Heights by a column from Chan-
cellorsville, 298; Hooker's forma-
tion on second day, 293; Chancel-
lorsville seized by the Confed-
erates, 295; Hooker prostrated by
concussion of a shot, 295; Fred-
ericksburg occupied by Sedgwick,
296; for Sedgwick's move on Fred-
ericksburg, see Fredericksburg,
296; countermarch of part of Lee's
army to re-enforce Early, 298;
Sedgwick checked-his losses, 299;
positions on the third day, 299;
Sedgwick's report of losses at,
299; Sedgwick attacked and cross-
es the Rappahannock, 300; Hooker
crossed to north bank of the Rap-|
pahannock, 801; the losses on
both sides, 301.

Cheat River, see Carrick's Ford.

ley's comparative strategy, 121.
Chickahominy River, McClellan posted

on north bank of, 119; McClellan's
object in crossing Bottom's Bridge,
121; dates of McClellan's passage,
129; topography of, 130; McClel
lan's army separated by the, 130;
two methods of extrication open to
McClellan, 140; the, its relation
to Richmond defences, 481.
Chickahominy Swamps, the army
among, after Fair Oaks, 140.
Circle of the Hunt, 565.
Cold Harbor, the battle of, 481; suc-
cess of Wright and Smith, 483;
positions of the two armies, 484;
the Union army repulsed at every
point, 485; criticism on tactics of,
487; the losses at, 487.
Commissariat of armies, the importance
of, 21.

Committee on Conduct of the War,
pressure of, 89; on McClellan's
march from Williamsburg to the
Chickahominy, 119.

Confederacy, conscription act passed-
Mr. Davis holding absolute control
of Southern military resources,
111; Johnston and Lee's armics
the main armed force of, 404; the
failure of the conscription system,
571; weakened by Grant's refusal
to exchange prisoners, 571; com-
missariat, the collapse of the, 571;
fighting population was not ex-
hausted, but had lost interest, 571 ;
Confederate army, first disposition of
in Virginia, 27; want of discipline,

72; strength and positions of, 80;
for further of-see Lee.
Confederate generals, the earliest, 28.
Corps d'armée--see army corps, 64.
Crampton's Gap, Franklin's advance to,

202; the Confederate force at, 202;
the battle of, 204.
Cross Keys, the battle of, 127.
Culpepper, Longstreet left to occupy
during Ewell's Shenandoah Valley
advance, 314; Lee's army at-
Meade countermarching on, 378.
Culp's Hill-see Gettysburg.

Dabney's Mill-see Petersburg.
Dahlgren, Colonel, marches towards
Richmond-his defeat and death,

400.
Davis, Colonel B. F., death at Fleet
wood, 313.

Davis, Jefferson, at Manassas, 58.
Deep Bottom-see Petersburg.
Despondency of the North at the clcee
of 1861, 78.

Detached columns of the army inviting
destruction in detail, 122.
Dinwiddie Courthouse, Warren sends
re-enforcements to Sheridan, 593.
Dufour on army corps, 64; on passage

of the Adda by Prince Eugene, 416.

Early attacked before Fort Stevens, and
driven, 527; advances towards
Washington, 527; burned Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad viaduct,
527; retired across the Potomac,
527; expedition at Frederick, Ma-
ryland, via Hagerstown, 526; op-
erations in the Shenandoah Valley,
554; at battle of Winchester, 556;
at battle of Cedar Creek, 561; ad-
dress to army after his defeat at
Middletown, 563.
Ellsworth, Colonel, shot at Alexandria,
Virginia, 30.

Emmettsburg, see Gettysburg.
Ewell rejoined Jackson after defeat of
Bristoe Station, 180; advances into
Maryland and Pennsylvania, 319;
at Chambersburg, Carlisle, Get-
tysburg, and York, 320; at Mine
Run, 391; his corps captured at
Sailor's Creek, 610.
Exterior line, the Federal, in Virginia,
44.

Fairfax Courthouse abandoned by Con-
federates, 47.

Fair Oaks, the battle of, 128; Confed-

erate report of Johnston's reasons
for attack, 131; battle-map of,
132; positions of Union troops
near, 132; Casey's redoubt at Sev-
en Pines captured, 133; positions
of Casey's division, 134; Hill's at-
tack on Seven Pines' position not
a surprise, 133; Sumner ordered
to cross the Chickahominy to sup
port Heintzelman, 136; Couch's
force bisected by G. W. Smith, 136;
Sumner reaches Couch in rear of,
137; Confederates finally driven
back by Sumner, 138; the fighting
next day skirmishing only, 139.
Final campaign, 1865, 565; Five Forks'

battle-see Five Forks and Retreat.
Fisher's Hill, Early's retreat to after
battle of Winchester, 558; the bat-
tle of, 559.

Five Forks, Sheridan's movement to
wards, 591; captured by Devin
and Davies, 591; Lee sends two
divisions to, 592; Union cavalry
driven to Dinwiddie Courthouse,
592; Lee's weakness discovered-
Sheridan puts his whole force in
motion, 594: Five Forks and Pe-
tersburg, 595; situation of the op-
posing forces, 595; Sheridan's feint
on Lee's right, and attack on left on
White Oak road, 596; the desper
ate position of the Confederates,
598; remnant of Lee's troops at,
fled westward, 599; the battle
over-see now Petersburg, 600.
Fleetwood, cavalry action at, 313.
Fort Gilmer, Butler's unsuccessful as-
sault, 540.

Fort Magruder at Williamsburg, Vir-
ginia, 112.

Fort Steadman, Lee's object in attack-
ing. 575; surprised and taken by
coup de main, 576; attacking col-
umns unsupported, 577; the as-
sault fails, and withdrawal impos-
sible, 577; two thousand Confed-
erates surrender-the losses on
both sides, 577; Meade captures
picket-lines on Lee's right, 577.
Franklin, Fremont at with fifteen
thousand men, 122.

Franklin, General, on operating on

Richmond via York River, 81; evi-
dence on Burnside's orders at
Fredericksburg, 245; reply to
President Lincoln's answer to him
and General Smith, 265.

Franklin's and Smith's letter to the
President proposing plan of cam-
paign, 263.
Frederick the Great, seven years' de-
fensive campaign, 308.
Fredericksburg and Richmond Rail-

road, line of advance towards Rich-
mond, 22; compared with others,
406.
Fredericksburg, the battle of, Burnside

reaches Falmouth, opposite, 234;
topography of the battle-field, 243;
town and heights, Burnside's omis-
sion to occupy, 234; Burnside's de-
lay, and Lee's arrival on south
bank of the Rappahannock, 236;
Lee's whole army arrived and in
position, 242; Burnside's designed
crossing at Skenker's Neck, on
Lee's right, 237; the possibilities
of crossing, 238; Burnside's pas

sage effected, 242; Lee's sharp-
shooters in the town delay Burn-|
side's crossing, 240; the town
bombarded by Burnside, 240; the
advance passage of three regi-
ments, and flight of the Confeder-
ate sharp-shooters, 241; Jackson's
report on concentration at, 243;
Franklin's operations on the left,
246; Meade's temporary success
on the heights against Jackson,
247; military road at, small im-
portance of Meade's success on,
247; Sumner's operations on the
right, 249; Longstreet's position on
the Confederate left, 250; French's
and Hancock's attack on Lee's left,
and terrible repulses, 250; Hooker
thrown forward, 252; Burnside's
desperate resolve to renew attack
next day, 252; the scene closed by
night, 252; Burnside framed one
plan, and fought on another, 244;
the losses of each army, 253; the
opposing forces at, 296; Sedgwick's
attack on Marye's Hill, 297; Con-
federate position taken-Sedgwick
advances towards Chancellorsville,
298; Hill left in position at, 314;|
during Chancellorsville campaign
-see Chancellorsville.
Freemantle, Colonel, on Lee's critical

position after Gettysburg, 363.
Fremont, General, assigned to Moun-

tain Department of West Virginia,
93; (Mountain Department of West
Virginia position during McClel-
lan's advance, 122.

Front Royal, Jackson's capture of gar-
rison, 125.

proach of the two armies towards,
326; topography of the field, 329;
the first day-Buford engaged with
Hill's van, 328; error of covering
too much ground, 333; Howard,
General, faulty dispositions at Get-
tysburg, 333; the Union centre
pierced by Rodes-the troops fall
back through Gettysburg, 334:
Gettysburg Ridge, the position at,
335; Hancock arrests flight of
First and Eleventh corps, 335;
Hancock's line of battle on Ceme-
tery Hill and Ridge, 336; Meade
and Lee order up their entire
forces, 337; both armies concen-
trated on Gettysburg, 338; the first
day's results considered, 341; the
second day, 342; positions at com.
mencement of the second day, 342;
Sedgwick's (Sixth) corps arrives.
343; Sickles' position on Emmets-
burg road, 344; Longstreet's at-
tack on Sickles, 345; the fight for
Little Round Top, 346; Warren
saves the position at Little Round
Top, 346; Hood's attack on Bir-
ney's front, 348; the struggle for
the peach orchard, 349; close of
the action on the left, 354; Ewell's
attack on the Union extreme right,
354; losses of the first two days,
355; the third day-Lee resolves
to attack on Culp's Hill, 356;
Meade's line on Culp's Hill re-
gained, 356; the artillery combat
of the third day, 357; battery po-
sitions on the third day, 357; the
Confederate column of attack, 358;
Pickett's assault on Cemetery
Ridge, 359; the panic of Petti-
grew's raw troops, 359; surrender
of Pickett's troops, 361; Wilcox's
attack on Hancock, and its failure,
ends the battle, 362; Lee's shat-
tered army returns to its lines on
Seminary Ridge, 363; Lee remains
a day at bay before retreating,
363; the retreat of Lee, 363; losses
on both sides, 363.
Glendale-see Newmarket Cross-roads.
Goldsborough, Admiral, and the navy
at Yorktown, 104.
Grant's overland campaign, 402; ap-

pointed to command all the ar-
mies, 403; his theory of action,
404; establishes headquarters with
the Potomac army, 405; on con.
centric operations, 410; orders for