ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Cheerfulness and Gayety. When o'er the hills, like a gladsome bride, Then is Orestes blest! My griefs are fled! Surprising happiness! unlooked for joy! Me let the tender office long engage, To rock the cradle of reposing age; To what is plaintiveness suited? With what is it accompanied? What is rule first? Rule second? Rule third? Rule fourth? Rule fifth? Ap With lenient arts extend a mother's breath, Make languor smile, and smooth the bed of death, And keep at least one parent from the sky. 4. Pathos, Solemnity, and Grandeur. Has gone, and with it many a glorious throng 5. Solemnity and Sublimity. The hills, Rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun, the vales, Stretching in pensive quietness between,- That make the meadows green,—and, poured 'round all, Are but the solemn decorations all Of the great tomb of man. 6. Joy and Sublimity. Awake, my heart, awake! Utter forth God, and fill the hills with praise! 7. Earnest and Energetic Address. I hope, sir, that gentlemen will deliberately survey the awful isthmus on which we stand. They may bear down all opposition. They may carry the measure triumphantly through this house. But if they do, sir, in my humble judgDefine pathos. Grandeur. Energetic. ment, it will be a triumph of the military over the civil authority—a triumph over the powers of this house -a triumph over the constitution of the land—and I pray, sir, most devoutly, that it may not prove, in its ultimate effects and consequences, a triumph over the liberties of the people. 8. Vehement Command. Strike till the last armed foe expires! 9. Wonder and Amazement. How ill this taper burns! Ha! who comes here! Have mercy, 10. Terror and Horror. Heaven! Ha! soft! 't was but a dream! But then so terrible, it shakes my soul! Cold drops of sweat hang on my trembling flesh! 11. Despair and Remorse. With diadem and sceptre high advanced, 12. Anger and Revenge. O, that the slave had forty thousand lives! 13. Ardent Expression of Courage. And there your banner goes! Let him that serves and honors it Define vehement. Wonder. Amazement. Terror. Horror. Despair. Remorse. Anger. Revenge. 14. Hatred and Aversion. I hate him, for he is a Christian; He lends out money gratis, and brings down I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him! 15. Loathing and Contempt. Thou worm! thou viper!—to thy native earth To tread upon. Thou scum! Thou reptile! 16. Impatience. Brutus. Shall I be frighted when a madman stares? Cassius. O ye gods! ye gods! must I endure all this? 17. Complaint and Lamentation.* Alas! my noble boy! that thou shouldst die! 18. Supplication and Entreaty.* Forsake me not thus, Adam! Witness, Heaven, 19. Grief, Sorrow, and Commiseration.* As the men approached with cords to lower the coffin into the grave, she wrung her hands, and broke into an agony of grief. The poor woman who attended her took her by the Define hatred. Aversion. Loathing. Contempt. Impatience. Lamentation. Supplication. Entreaty. Sorrow. * Plaintive. 52 ELOCUTIONARY ANALYSIS. arm, endeavoring to raise her from the earth, and to whisper something like consolation. Nay, now,-nay, now, don't take it so sorely to heart." She could only shake her head and wring her hands, as one not to be comforted. MOVEMENT. MOVEMENT, in elocution, as in music, refers to the time or rate of utterance. The most common distinctions of movement are into moderate, slow, very slow, lively, brisk, and rapid. The degree or kind of movement must correspond with the pervading sentiment of the language, the action described, and the nature of the feeling or emotion expressed. The rate of utterance for unimpassioned thought is usually moderate; and that for impassioned expression, quick proportionably as the feeling is lively or rapid, or slow proportionably as the emotion is more or less grave and deep. The fault in movement most to be guarded against by readers and speakers is, that of a uniform use of either a moderate, slow, or quick rate, without regard to the sentiment or language uttered. RULES FOR MOVEMENT. 1. Didactic thought, and simple narration or description, require the moderate movement. 2. Pathos, reverence, solemnity, and language expressive of grandeur, vastness, and the like, demand the slow movement. 3. Deep solemnity, adoration, awe, horror and consternation, require very slow movement, 4. Cheerfulness, liveliness, and the gentler forms of all vivid emotions, find appropriate utterance in the lively movement. 5. Gayety, joy and humor, demand the brisk movement. 6. Hurry, confusion, violent anger and sudden fear, require the rapid rate of utterance. ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Didactic Thought and Simple Narration. The old philosopher we read of, might not have been dreaming when he discovered that the order of the sky was like a scroll of written music, and that two stars (which are To what does Movement refer? Which are the common distinctions of movement? To what must the movement correspond? What fault is men |