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Executive and Judiciary,

$165,254.38 Encouragement of medical science, 10,000.00

State Debt. - The State debt, properly so called, amounted, Dec. 31, 1859, to $4,427,130.25 Add the State's indebtedness for the property banks, Second Municipality of New Orleans,

Total State debt,

$5,398,533.33
198,240.00

5,596,773.33 $10,023,903.58

This is the Auditor's statement, and in the debt proper are included United States surplus revenue, $479,919.14, of the Free School Fund, $969,000, and of the Seminary Fund, $137,000. Of this debt proper, $516,130.25 are stated to be due on demand, and $3,902,000 between 1867 and 1899. There have been issued of State bonds, included above, to the New Orleans and Nashville Railroad Co., $ 483,000; to the Mexican Gulf Railroad, $100,000; to the New Orleans, Opelousas, and Great Western, $631,000; to the New Orleans, Jackson, and Great Northern, $ 884,000; to the Vicksburg, Shreveport, and Texas, $203,000; to the Baton Rouge, G. T., and Op., $ 61,000.

The State has, in addition to the bonds that make up the Free School and Seminary Funds, bonds belonging to the redemption of the State Debt Fund, amounting in value to $218,500.

The assessed value of the taxable property of the State in 1858 was $400,450,747, upon which was assessed $1,426,329; 239,550 acres of land were cultivated in cane, 784,641 in cotton, 668,653 in corn, and 3,877 in rice. From these were produced 222,091 hogsheads of sugar, 352.316 barrels of molasses, 481,176 bales of cotton, 13,653,318 bushels of corn, and 34,682 barrels of rice.

Education. The Constitution provides that "free public schools shall be established throughout the State; the proceeds of lands granted for the purpose, and of lands escheated to the State, shall be held as a permanent fund, on which six per cent interest shall be paid by the State for the support of these schools." The sum of $650,000 was appropriated by the legislature of 1860 for the support of the free schools of the State, to be apportioned among the educable youth of the State, $5 being apportioned to each child. The number of educable youth between 6 and 16 years of age in 1860 was 96,152; in 1859, the number of educable youth was 95,851, and the amount apportioned was $374,889.20; in 1857, the number was 75,518. The Free School Fund, January 1, 1860, amounted to $ 969,113. There is, besides, the Seminary Fund, which at the same date was $ 137,000. Total of both funds, $1,106.113. The Superintendent of Public Education, in his report to the Legislature in 1860, says, "Our system is very defective in nearly every essential particular, and before we can possibly realize the benefits which should flow from the large amounts annually expended for the purpose of carrying it out, it is absolutely necessary that the same be entirely remodelled and placed upon a more practical foundation. As the law now stands, it will continue to drag its slow length along for years to come, and hang as an incubus over private enterprise."

Normal School. - A Normal School was organized in the First District of New Orleans, April 3, 1858, and reorganized April 2, 1859, having then in all 48 pupils.

Banks.- For the condition of the banks in Louisiana in Dec. 1859, see ante, p. 231. The following table shows the condition of the New Orleans banks, in the particulars stated, at the given dates :

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Louisiana Penitentiary, Baton Rouge.-Prisoners in confinement December 31, 1858, 326; received to Dec. 31, 1859, 78; in all, 404. Discharged by expiration of sentence, 57; by pardon, 8; by death, 9; in all, 74. Leaving in prison, Dec. 31, 1859, 330,-221 whites, 2 of whom were females, 93 colored men, and 16 colored females; and of these 108 were slaves. Of the 330 in prison there were committed for murder 83; manslaughter, 40; stabbing, 10; shooting, 7; poisoning, 3; attempt to kill, 7; attempt to poison, 5; rape, 2; attempt to commit rape, 5; assaulting white persons, 24; arson, 23; robbery, 14; larceny, 44; burglary, 16; horse stealing, 7; negro stealing, 11; aiding slaves to escape, 2; counterfeiting, 7. 205 were natives of the United States, and 125 of other countries. Of the for eigners, 53 were born in Ireland, 20 in Germany, 12 in France, and 10 in Spain. The prisoners are engaged in manufacturing cotton and bricks. The net profits of the business of the Institution in 1859 were $ 13,911.27.

Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylum. — This institution is at Baton Rouge, and embraces both a "mute department" and a "blind department." There were 76 pupils (43 males and 33 females) in the institution during the year 1859. Of these 62 were deaf mutes, and 14 were blind. All the deaf and dumb of the State, between 8 and 30 years of age, and all the blind between the ages of 7 and 25, are entitled to an education, free of charge for board or tuition, in this institution. Pupils from other States will be admitted upon the payment of $250 per annum in advance.

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Insane Asylum, Jackson. — December 31, 1858, there were 137 patients in the asylum, 80 males and 57 females; admitted during the year, 97, 65 males and 32 females whole number, 234. Discharged during the year, recovered, 34, 24 males and 10 females; improved, 6; died, 37, 28 males and 9 females; in all 77, leaving in the Asylum, Dec. 31, 1859, 157, 86 males and 68 females. The whole number of patients since the opening of the institution is 851, of whom 225 were discharged recovered, 58 improved, 37 eloped, and 374 died. Of this whole number, 803 were from Louisiana, and 48 from other States. The receipts for the year 1859 were $31,166.93, being balance of previous year, $5,706 09; from State Treasury, $18,750, and from pay patients, $6,710.84. The expenditures were $31,128.61.

Charity Hospital at New Orleans. - During the year 1859, 12,775 patients (10,785 males, 1,990 females) were admitted into the Hospital, 11,257 (9,507 males, 1,750 females) were discharged as cured, and 1,321 (1,092 males, 229 females) died. Remaining under treatment January 1, 1860, 730. Of the deaths, 250 were from consumption, 146 from diarrhæa, 90 from dysentery, 84 from yellow fever, 99 from typhoid, 50 from delirium tremens.

Of the patients admitted, 10,753 were natives of foreign countries, 2,011 of the United States, and 11 unknown. There were 110 births in the Hospital during the year. The cost of the maintenance of the Hospital for the year, for all purposes, was $76,875.94. Its receipts, including former balance, were $76,512.94. The capitation tax on passengers for the use of the Hospital amounted to $ 14,130.10, and the tax on balls and concerts to $3,970.25. $6,253 was paid by patients, $ 40,000 was given by the State, and $5,000 received from the Board of Health.

State Census.— The Auditor's report for 1859 gives as the population of the State, 318,837 free whites; 18,149 free colored persons, and 282,776 slaves; in all, 619,776.

XIII. MAINE.

Capital, Augusta. Area, 35,000 sq. m. Population, 1860, 619,958.

Government for the Year ending the 1st Wednesday in January, 1862.

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Joseph B. Hall,
Lewis D. Moore,
Nathan Dane,
John L. Hodgdon,
B. W. Norris,
Thomas W. Hix,
Henry M. Harlow,
Seth Scammon,
E. P. Weston,

Gilman Turner, Robert Goodenow, William S. Cochran, John A. Goodenow, James M. Lincoln, James G. Blaine,

Charles A. Miller,

of Bangor,

of Skowhegan,
of Rockland,
of Augusta,
of Saco,

of Gorham,

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1,200

Ward. of St. Prison,"

Sup't of Insane Hospital, 1,000
Sup't of State Reform School, 1,500

Sup't of Common Schools, 1,000
[and not over $400 for travelling expenses.
of Augusta, Sup't of Pub. Buildings, $1.25 per day.
of Farmington,
of Waldoboro";}
of Alfred,*

of Bath,

Bank Commissioners.

Pres. of Senate, $300, or $4 per day.
Secretary of the Senate.

of Augusta, Speaker of the House, $300 for 75 days.
of Rockland, Clerk of the House.

Councillors. - Jared Fuller, of East Corinth; Frederick Robie, of Gorham; Benjamin D. Metcalf, of Damariscotta; Lewis D. Wadsworth, Jr., of Pembroke; George A. Frost, of Sanford; Joseph N. Dennis, of East New Portland; Washington Wilcox, of Monmouth.

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* In the session of 1860 the officers of the Legislature were, President of Senate, T. H. Marshall, of Belfast; Secretary, James M. Lincoln, of Bath; Speaker of the House, F. A. Pike, of Calais; Clerk, Charles A. Miller, of Rockland.

Jonas Cutting,
Seth May,
Woodbury Davis,
J. H. Drummond,
Wales Hubbard,

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of Portland, Attorney-General, Jan. 1862, 1,000 of Wiscasset, Reporter of Decisions,

1,000 The State is divided into three Judicial Districts, denominated the Western, Middle, and Eastern Districts; and for the purpose of hearing and determining questions of law and equity, the terms are held for these districts, instead of being held, as heretofore, in the several counties. These terms are held annually in Portland for the Western, in Augusta for the Middle, and in Bangor for the Eastern District. The other cases are tried, as heretofore, in the several counties where they are commenced.

Municipal and Police Courts.

Samuel Titcomb, of Augusta; Spencer A. Pratt, of Bangor; Jacob Smith, of Bath; Joseph Williamson, Jr., of Belfast; Henry Orr, of Brunswick; Luther Brackett, of Calais; William Palmer, of Gardiner; Samuel K. Gilman, of Hallowell; L. D. M'Lane, of Portland; John M. Meserve, of Rockland; William Berry, of Biddeford; and John Smith of Lewiston, are Judges at those places respectively. Some are paid by salaries, others by fees.

Probate Courts.

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Amount of expenditures from January 1, 1859, to December 31, 1859,
Balance, December 31, 1859,

$ 431,700.49

76,368.52 508,069.11

394.008 98 $114,060.13

The amount of cash actually on hand, December 31, 1859, has been found to he $25,782.34. The late treasurer, B. D. Peck, is said to be a defaulter to the amount of $94,073.04.

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Cont'g't fund of Governor & Council, 3,991.27 To Indians and Indian fund,

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Salaries of State officers,"

Clerks in public offices,

Rolls of accounts,

31,775.15 Militia pensions, .

1,941.00

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Insane Hospital and insane paupers, 16,261.26 Bank Commissioners, .

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19,192.92 Agricultural Societies, &c.,
11,000 00 Public debt paid,

7,582.42

30,000.00

1,792.03 Interest on public debt,

39,095.00

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1,200.00

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5,100.00

Duties on commissions,

Bank tax,

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Public Debt. The public funded debt of the State, January 1, 1860, was $699,000. There are besides funds to the amount of $338,386.85, held in trust by the State, and for which the State must provide the payment of interest. There are other liabilities to the amount of $ 135,014 01. A recent amendment of the Constitution limits the State indebtedness at any one time, to be afterwards created, to $300,000. The amount over this sum is the balance of the old debt. The resources of the State at the same date consisted of, cash, $25,782.34; due on State taxes, $210,353.54; land office, $ 132,932; in all, $464,094.34. The State also owns about 3,190,000 acres of public lands.

School Fund. The permanent school fund is $149,085.48, with a prospective increase from the sales of 487,567 acres of reserved lands, 20 per cent of all moneys hereafter accruing from the sales of all unsold public lands, and nearly $30,000 due on notes given for school lands. The amount apportioned for the year ending April 1, 1858, was $82,698.77. The bank tax for the support of schools is one per cent on their capital. The apportionment is made ratably among towns making returns. Towns are obliged by law to raise annually an amount of school money equal to 60 cents for each inhabitant.

School Statistics for the Year ending April 1, 1859. Of the 395 towns and 93 planta. tions in the State, returns were received from 389 towns and 69 plantations. There were 4,141 school districts, and 388 parts of districts; number of children in the State between 4 and 21, 239,796; scholars in summer schools, 134,329; average number, 101,737; scholars in winter schools, 153,063; average, 118,063; ratio of attendance throughout the year to the whole number of scholars, 46 per cent; male teachers, 2,814; female teachers, 4,481; average wages, exclusive of board, males per month $ 21.15, females per week $2.04. Average length of all the schools for the year, 20.8 weeks. Amount raised for schools by taxes, $405,063.54, being $59,134 74 more than the law requires. Amount received from State school funds, $ 80,294.60; from local funds, $ 16,060.01; expended for private schools, $27,438.62; school-houses built during the year, 115; cost, $ 61,851. Aggregate expended for school purposes, $ 617,889.48. Good school-houses, 1,892; poor do. 1,970; estimated value of all the school-houses, $1,116,766. Amount of school money raised per scholar, $ 1.63; received from the State, $0.339. 15 Teachers' Conventions, of one week each, were held in the several counties during the year, and were attended by 1,706 (791 males and 915 females) teachers. The legislature of 1860 repealed the law providing for county conventions of teachers. They enacted that the sum of $3,600 should be appropriated annually, to be divided in sums of $200 among eighteen seminaries or academies named in the act, if they severally complied with the conditions of the statute. A normal school

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