plurality vote, for two years. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor. The Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney-General and SurveyorGeneral, and State Printer, are elected by the people for two years. The sessions of the Legislature are annual. The pay of the members is $10 per day for the first 90 days, and afterwards $5 a day and mileage, - $ 4 for every 20 miles of travel to the Capitol. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and two associate justices. It has appellate jurisdiction where the matter in dispute exceeds $ 200, and where the legality of certain acts is questioned, and in certain criminal cases. The justices are elected by the people for six years, and are so classified that one goes out of office every two years. The senior judge in office is the chief justice. The clerk is elected for two years. Term expires. Salary. Chief Justice, Jan., 1862, $6,000 Stephen J. Field, W. W. Cope, of Marysville, of Amador, Charles S. Fairfax, of Marysville, Assoc. Justice, Jan., 1864, 6,000 The District Courts have jurisdiction in law and equity, where the amount in dispute, exclusive of interest, exceeds $200. The judges are chosen by the people for six years. A county judge is elected in each county for four years, to act as judge of probate, to hold the County Court, and with two justices of the peace to hold Courts of Sessions for criminal business. Clerks of courts, district attorneys, sheriffs, coroners, &c. are elected by the people. State Debt. FINANCES. The State debt January 1, 1860, was as follows:Outstanding bonds issued under act 28th April, 1857, Outstanding bonds and Comptroller's warrants not provided for, $3,885,000.00 163,784.26 $4,048,781.26 The annual interest on the funded debt, is $271,950. A large part of the item $163,784 26 consists of old bonds which were presented for funding after the amount authorized by the act of April 28, 1857 ($3,900,000) had been funded. Of this amount ($3,900,000), $15,000 was bought by the State in 1859 for $12,465. There are besides coupons outstanding to the amount of $172,828.54, which fell due between Jan. 1, 1854, and Sept. 1, 1856. These were a portion of the war debt of the State, to which the appropriation made by Congress for the payment thereof was held not to apply. The total receipts for the year ending June 30, 1859, were The total expenditures for the same period were Excess of receipts, The receipts from July 1, 1859 to December 15, 1859, inclusive, were $1,184,221,79 1,109,143 20 $ 75,078,59 509,278.31 303, 26.38 $815 104.69 261,422 84 $,556,681 85 For the year ending June 30, 1859, some of the principal items of receipts and expenditures were as follows: The valuation of the taxable property of the State, real and personal, was $131,060,279.49. The whole number of acres of land reported was 7,053,399. Value, $ 36,753,193; value of improvements thereon, $ 18,565,014; value of city and town lots, $4,957,047; value of improvements thereon, $ 6,416,545. Value of personal property, $ 54,530,344. The State tax on the whole valuation,at 60 cents on each $ 100, amounted to $786,362. For 1856 the total valuation of taxable property was $113,458,000; for 1857, $131,806,269; for 1858, $123,055,877. pur Common Schools. - The 500,000 acres of land granted by Congress to the State for poses of internal improvement are by the constitution devoted to public schools. Of these lands, 448,934 acres had been sold January 1, 1859, for the sum of $739,487.50, the interest on which, at 7 per cent per annum, is credited semiannually to the School Fund. It was expected that the remaining 51,066 acres would be soon sold at the rate established by law, and the School Fund would then amount to $803,320 from this source. The 16th and 36th sections of land in each township, granted by Congress for the support of public schools, will amount, by estimation, to 5,500,000 acres. 72 sections of land, amounting to 46,080 acres, were granted to the State for the use of a seminary of learning. 8,579 acres have been sold for $10,724. The whole, when sold, will make the Seminary Fund $57,600. One fourth of the money from poll-taxes and escheated estates goes to the School Fund, and the constitution provides that the percentage on the sale of lands in the State allowed by Congress shall be inviolably appropriated to the use of common schools. Counties may levy special taxes for school purposes. To entitle any district to the benefit of an appropriation from the State School Fund, the school therein must have been kept at least three months in the year. There is a Board of Education, consisting of the Governor, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the Surveyor-General. The returns for the year ending October 31, 1859, are as follows:- Number of districts, 463 number of children between 4 and 18 years of age, 48,676 (boys 25,348, girls 23,328); number under 4 years of age, 28,300; children of all ages born in California, 41,450; number of pupils attending schools, 23,519; daily average attendance, 13,364 ; number of teachers, 754 (male 536, female 218); number of schools, 523 (being 2 high, 25 grammar, 14 intermediate, 138 mixed, and 344 primary). State school money drawn for salaries, $ 63,223; amount paid teachers, $160,758; total drafts on account of salaries, $264,972; expended in erecting, rent, and repair of school-houses, $90,266; for school libraries and apparatus, $2,369; total expenditure for school purposes, $427,004; county tax received for school purposes, $205,212. Amount of State school moneys apportioned, $72,319.52. being $1.82 each for 39,736 children. Number of school-houses, 390 (of brick 37, of wood 353); number of private schools, 126; pupils in private schools, 4,082; number of schools kept open three months, 95; over three and less than six months, 121; six months, 55; over six and less than nine, 78; nine months and over, 144. The number of orphans reported is 2,354; of the deaf and dumb, 42. State Prison. At San Quentin, Marin County, 12 miles north of San Francisco. There were in prison Jan. 1. 1860, 538, one of whom was a female; under 20 years of age, 28; between 20 and 30, 381; between 30 and 40, 101. 223 were natives of the United States, 53 of Mexico, 62 were from Ireland, 29 from England, 11 from France, 25 from Germany, 33 from China, and 14 from Chile. Of the whole number, 49 were sentenced for murder, 23 for manslaughter, 37 for assault with intent to kill, 4 for mayhem, 38 for burglary, 35 for robbery, 9 for rape, 12 for assault with intent to commit rape, 3 for arson, 5 for perjury, and 282 for grand larceny. Insane Asylum, Stockton. - Established in 1853. Number of patients, December 1, 1858, 273,225 males and 48 females; admitted to December 31, 1859, 276, -233 males, 43 females; whole number, 549. Discharged during the same period, 124, 103 males and 21 females. Remaining December, 31, 1859, 370-307 males and 63 females. 49-43 males and 6 females - died, and 6 males eloped. Registration. The Legislature, by the act of April 26, 1858, provided for the registration of marriages, births, divorces, and deaths in California. Edwin R. Campbell was appointed State Registrar, and Dec. 20, 1859, he made a second report, for the year ending Nov. 30, 1859. The returns are imperfect. They show 1,744 marriages, 65 divorces, 168 births, and 1,421 deaths. Of the deaths, 246 were from consumption, 19 were from suicide, and 48 from accident. State Reform School.- An act was passed by the Legislature of 1859 for "the establishment and erection of a State Reform School." Under this act, three Commissioners were appointed to select and obtain by gift, or by location upon lands belonging to this State, a lot of land suitable for the site of a State Reform School, for the employment of juvenile offenders, and to procure plans, &c., the whole to be done under the general direction of the Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney-General, and Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Commissioners reported to the Legislature of 1860 that they had accepted, as the most elegible, the donation by the city of Marysville, of 100 acres of land for the purposes of the State Reform School. They also submitted plans for a building, to consist of a centre, with detached wings, the centre and one wing only to be built at present. At the session of 1858 an act was passed establishing an Industrial School at San Francisco. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Area, 4,750 sq. m. Population, 1860, 460,670. Government for the Year ending on the 1st Wednesday in May, 1861. Salary. David N. Camp, of New Britain, of Hartford, of Hartford, of Norwich, Sup't of Common Schools. State Libr. & Registr. $2.50 a day. Pres. pro tem. of the Senate. of New Milford, Clerk of the Senate. The Legislature at its May session, 1855, established two distinct courts, the " Supreme Court of Errors," and the "Superior Court," and abolished the County Courts. The Supreme Court of Errors is now to consist of the present judges of that Court, four in number, and the Superior Court is to consist of five judges. Each of the present four judges of the Supreme Court of Errors (Storrs, Hinman, Ellsworth, and Sanford) is a judge of the Superior Court also, and five judges of the Superior Court (Butler, Seymour, Waldo, Park, and McCurdy) have been recently appointed. Three judges constitute a quorum of the Supreme Court of Errors for the transaction of business, and two terms of the court are held annually in each county. The terms of the Superior Court are held by one judge, except for the trial of capital offences, and as often as four times a year in each county. Any judge may hold special terms of this court, but cannot at such term proceed to the trial or determination of any cause unless the parties consent thereto. A legal verdict may be found by any number of jurors, not less than nine, in any civil cause in which the parties so agree in writing before the verdict is rendered. The judges of this court appoint a State's Attorney in each county, and may remove him for cause. The judges of both courts are appointed by the concurrent vote of the Senate and House, and in all cases must be chosen by ballot, and those appointed in 1855 and since hold office for eight years; those previously appointed hold until seventy years of age. In the trial of capital cases, the court is held by a judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, who presides, and *These judges form the Supreme Court. by a judge of the Superior Court. The same act establishes some new rules of practice in civil cases. The Clerks of the Superior Court, who are ex officio Clerks of the Su preme Court of Errors in the several counties, are as follows: Balance to new account, $31,107.48 $70,121.50 14.889.65 $302,160.60 Sources of Income, Civil List. 40,404 26 Taxes & dividends on bank stock, $224,913 92 85,764 56 From avails of courts, 1,800.00 From forfeited bonds, &c., 3,332.55 Bonus from Banks, 1,162.34 6,114.63 4,726.00 Debenture and contingent expenses 300.00 Loans $ 50,000, and Mis. $2,737.67, 52,737.67 2,557.26 Balance of last year's account, 12.506.04 28,283.34 $302,160.60 $769,594.04 The permanent fund of the State, April 1, 1860, consisting of bank stock not transferable, or subscriptions to the stock of certain banks which may be withdrawn on giving six months' notice, amounted to $406,000. The indebtedness of the State, consisting of a temporary loan, is $ 50,000. The amount of the Grand List of the taxable property of the State, October 1, 1859, was "assessed valuation,” $ 224,962,514. The total amount of assessment upon which a tax was to be levied, was $7,479,252.42. Banks and Savings-Banks. There are 73 banks in the State, and their condition, April 1, 1860, was as follows:- Capital, $ 21,626,167; circulation, $7,703,996; total liabilities, $ 38,155,528; specie, $950,139; loans and discounts, $ 30,518,735; total resources, $38,155,528. The deposits were $5,463,541; and the loans to persons out of the State, $5,947,575. The deposits in the 37 savings-banks, at the same date, were $ 16,565,284, of which is loaned on real estate, $ 10,409 543; on stocks and bonds, $1,453,416; on personal security, $1,317,103; invested in railroad bonds and stocks, $ 1,085,087; the whole number of depositors, 75,792; total assets, $ 16,828,386. There were, April 1, 1800, 27 "savings-banks and building associations" organized under the act of 1850 that made reports. They had 12,133 shareholders; deposits, $1,567,537. They have $1,206,043 loaned on real estate; $ 157,571 invested in bank stocks and $1,523,007 in real estate and other securities. The Bank Commissioners say (April 1, 1859) "their depositors are perfectly secure." All (except five) are winding up their business under the law passed in 1858. No such savings-bank, &c., can receive any deposit after January 1, 1862. Common School Statistics. — Number of towns for year ending September 30, 1859, 161, and all but two made returns; of school districts, 1,624; number of common schools, 1,785; children in the State between 4 and 16 years of age, 105,464; average in each district, 65; number of scholars over 16 years, 3,373; attendance on winter schools, boys 39,087, girls 33,503; in summer, boys 31,624, girls 32,736; number of female teachers in |